ORIGIN OF COFFEE IN INDIA: A MAJOR INDUSTRY

Abstract

The history of coffee in India is from 1600 AD. Baba Budan, an Indian Sufi saint, was the founder of Indian coffee who went to Mecca. Baba Budan started his journey from the city of Yemen, Mocha, to his homeland India where he discovered coffee on his way in the form of a dark and sweet liquid called Qahwa1. It was his drink on the way for refreshment, and he took seven coffee beans from Mocha by strapping them into his chest due to Arab's protection of their coffee manufacturing. He planted seven seeds of Mocha 1 in the courtyard of his hermitage in Chikmagalur, Karnataka, India. Therefore, this place is the birthplace of India's coffee. The coffee had spread to the backyard and then later to the hills known as Baba Budan Hills. The coffee industry grew during British rule and beyond. The Dutch began coffee in the Malabar region.
On the other hand, the British setup Arabica coffee plantation across the hilly regions of Southern India. The climatic condition was suitable for coffee production in the Southern part of India. The paper's objective is to explore India's coffee production as one of the significant production countries in the world. The methodology has been conducted through documentary analysis. The feature question of the paper is, is coffee in India one of the essential organic export products? And how does it contribute to India's economic development?

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April 7-8, 2022 - BOGOTA, COLOMBIA
Marcelo GaSPar

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April 7-8, 2022 - BOGOTA, COLOMBIA
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CONFERENCE TITLE
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COFFEE AND COCOA
DATE and PLACE
April 7-8, 2022 / BOGOTA, COLOMBIA
ORGANIZATION
Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia
IKSAD Institute
ORGANIZING COMMITTEE
Prof. Dr. Mustafa TALAS
Prof. Dr. Osman ERKMEN
Prof. Dr. Fatih DUMAN
Prof. Cristobal Noe AGUİLAR
Prof. Dr. Hülya ÇİÇEK
Dr. Sonja GVOZDENAC
VIGNESH K
NUMBER of ACCEPTED PAPERS
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18
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PRESENTATION
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SCIENTIFIC & REVIEW COMMITTEE
Prof. Dr. Hülya ÇIÇEK
Gaziantep UniversityFaculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry
Prof. Dr. Abdelmajid HADDIOUI
Plant Genetics & Biotechnology, University of Sultan Moulay Slimane, Beni Mellal, Morocco
Dr. Debasish HOTA
Depatrment of Pharmacology, Depatrment of Pharmacology, AIIMS, Bhubaneswar
Dr. OGIDI, Clement OLUSOLA
Department of Biological Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Kings University, Odeomu, Osun State,
Nigeria
Dr. Mushtaq Ahmad LONE
Assistant Professor Statistics, University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir
Prof. Dr. Tarek Zaki Hassen Ali FOUDA
Professor of power and farm machinery Faculty of agriculture Tanta university Egypt
Dr. Hafiz M. RIZWAN
Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faislabad, Pakistan
Dr. Ghanshyam BARMAN
Department C G Patel Institute of Technology, Uka Tarsadia University
Dr. A.Vijayalakshmi
Science & Humanities (Chemistry), R.M.K. Engineering College
Dr. Afrooz Alimohamadi
Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of Payame Noor, Iran, Tehran
Dr. Milena POPOV
Faculty of Agriculture, Assistant professor in Herbology
Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant and Environmental protection, Serbia
Dr. Sonja GVOZDENAC
Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Serbia
Assoc. Prof. Vojislava BURSIC
Associate Professor, Phytopharmacy, Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Sunflower department, Novi Sad,
Serbia
Ass. Prof. Abdelouahed HAJJAJI
Biochemistry and food sciences, Ass. Prof of biochemistry and food sciences
Sultan Moulay Slimane University (SMSU), Polydisciplinary Faculty of Beni Mellal,
Department of Biology, Beni Mellal, Morocco
Ass. Prof. Dušan MARINKOVIC
Phytopharmacy, Associate Professor of Phytopharamcy, Faculty of Agriculture
Department for Environmental and Plant protection Serbia, University of Novi Sad

Prof. Cristobal Noe AGUILAR
Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, México
Dr. Ali MEHRABI
Food Hygiene and Safety Department, School of Health, Qazvin University of Medical sciences, Qazvin, Iran

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-Opening Ceremony-
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Ankara Local Time: 1640-1700
**********************************
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Dr. Rafael Renteria Ramos
Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia, Colombia

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HEAD OF SESSION: Ananda Majumdar
AUTHORS AFFILIATION TOPIC TITLE
Neetu Jha Punjabi University Patiala, India THE JOURNEY OF THE INDIAN
COFFEE INDUSTRY
Ananda Majumdar The University of Alberta ORIGIN OF COFFEE IN INDIA: A
MAJOR INDUSTRY
Anamika Gautam Banasthali University, University in
Vanasthali, India
EVALUATION OF THE IMPORTANCE
OF TURKISH COFFEE IN TURKISH
CULTURAL SUSTAINABILITY
Kaberi PRAMANIK Banasthali Vidyapith University IMPORTANCE OF COFFEE AND
COCOA
Anchal Bisht Banasthali Vidyapith University COFFEE HISTORY AND CULTURE
AROUND THE WORLD
Ananya Singh Banasthali Vidyapith University,
Rajasthan, India TURKISH COFFEE
Akanksha Kumari Banasthali Vidyapith University
HISTORY OF COFFEE, IT'S
DISCOVERY, CULTIVATION AND IT'S
COMPOSITION
Subhashish DEY
Department of Civil Engineering,
Gudlavalleru Engineering College,
Andhra Pradesh, India
SYNTHETIC FOOD COLOUR USED IN
FOOD EFFECTS ON THE HUMAN
HEALTH

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www.iksad.co.uk | contact@iksad.co.uk 80
ORIGIN OF COFFEE IN INDIA: A MAJOR INDUSTRY
Ananda MAJUMDAR
University of Alberta
ORCID: 0000-0003-3045-0056
The University of Alberta (Bachelor of Education after Degree Elementary, Faculty of Education,
Community Service-Learning Certificate and Certificate in International Learning, CIL) *
Harvard Graduate School of Education (Professional Education as a Child Development
Educator, Certificate in Early Education Leadership (CEEL-Series 2), online) *
Intern, Digital Museum and Diaspora, Migration, GRFDT, New Delhi, India (April 2021- Present, Online) *
Workshop in Babeș-Bolyai University (UBB), Faculty of Letters, Romania, Early Crisis of Christianity, 2022*
Book Pecker Fellow, Peace X, India (April 1, 2021- September 1, 2021, Online) best fellow in the social science
department and computer literacy
Certificate in Migration Studies, GRFDT, New Delhi, India (September 2020-March 2021, Online)
Grant MacEwan University (Diploma in HR Management)
Jadavpur University (Master of Arts in International Relations)
Sikkim Manipal University (Master of Business Administration in HR and Marketing
Management)
MBB College, Tripura University (Bachelor of Arts in Political Science)
Antarctic Institute of Canada (Researcher and Writer), Servicing Community Internship
Program (SCiP) Funded by the Government of Alberta
Member of Student Panel, Cambridge University Press,
Member of the Association of Political Theory (ATP) University of Massachusetts
Student Member of ESA (European Studies Association), Columbia University, U.S.
General Coordinator, Let's Talk Science, University of Alberta
Early Childhood Educator, Brander Garden After School Parents Association
People & Cultural Analyst, Riipen Internship
ABSTRACT
The history of coffee in India is from 1600 AD. Baba Budan, an Indian Sufi saint, was the founder of Indian
coffee who went to Mecca. Baba Budan started his journey from the city of Yemen, Mocha, to his homeland
India where he discovered coffee on his way in the form of a dark and sweet liquid called Qahwa1. It was his
drink on the way for refreshment, and he took seven coffee beans from Mocha by strapping them into his chest
due to Arab's protection of their coffee manufacturing. He planted seven seeds of Mocha 1 in the courtyard of
his hermitage in Chikmagalur, Karnataka, India. Therefore, this place is the birthplace of India's coffee. The
coffee had spread to the backyard and then later to the hills known as Baba Budan Hills. The coffee industry
grew during British rule and beyond. The Dutch began coffee in the Malabar region.
On the other hand, the British setup Arabica coffee plantation across the hilly regions of Southern India. The
climatic condition was suitable for coffee production in the Southern part of India. The paper's objective is to
explore India's coffee production as one of the significant production countries in the world. The methodology
has been conducted through documentary analysis. The feature question of the paper is, is coffee in India one
of the essential organic export products? And how does it contribute to India's economic development?
Keywords: Baba Budan, British India, Coffee Export, Southern India's Coffee hub, Nigiri Hill and Coffee
Industry.

2nd International Conference on Coffee and Cocoa
proceedings book | April 7-8, 2022 - Bogota, Colombia 81
INTRODUCTION
Tea has been India's dirking beverage like China since its five-thousand-year-old Indus civilization. 1But
during British India, a tax was issued on tea. This drove the Indian people towards coffee, and still today,
coffee is India's primary drinking beverage. Indians expect a sound and robust cup of coffee in the morning
after their wake up from sleep. In the South part of India, coffee is the personification of culture2 in the context
of its famous avatar, 3Indian filter coffee. People of South India take a filter of coffee after their wake up in
the morning. Without a filter, coffee in the morning is like without the sun in the sky4. This is how the coffee
culture exists in Southern India. One of the coffee's iconic natures in Southern India is its boldness and flavour.
Coffee is statuesque in the families of the Southern part of India. Coffee without a taste is a sign of family
poverty, while the distribution of good coffee represents the richness of the family. Contemporary coffee
drinking in India is not bounded to the coffee shop, but it has been spread inside the house of the people of
India. It is evident that people but coffee makers to suit their lifestyles. The coffee culture in India has been
surprised by the Brahmin families of Southern India, who brought this beverage from the British community
(Menon, 2019). It was served in the wealthy Brahmin family as a filter coffee in a davra tumbler5.
Contemporary India has seen coffee is everywhere, in coffee houses etc.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Coffee is a vital farm harvest in India, cultivated in Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu (Menon, 2019).
Traditionally coffee has been produced in those southern states as their cultural part. Non-traditionally it has
been developed in Orissa, North-east states of India. The coffee industry is one of the most growing Indian
industries to develop its economy. However, it has social, political, and economical jeopardize the production
of coffee in India. Using coffee as a daily beverage would be high when income is high. It has been said that
per capita spending power is one of the indicators of coffee demand. Because of health concerns, herbal tea
has been prioritized (Menon, 2019) over coffee because of caffeine in the industrialized market. Therefore,
India has been concerned with a sustained coffee harvest to improve health and development. 6Criticism has
come against Nestle's ethical practices. They had terrible faith practices, including their contamination of
natural resources. The beverage market is also crowded, resulting in very competition among beverages. Tea
is India's primary hot beverage. Therefore, it might be difficult for Indians to get habituated to coffee daily.
METHODOLOGY
The paper has been assumed through subordinate sources of data. Subordinate sources of data include
academic articles, websites etc. The description of sources has taken the method of writing the essay, reading,
gathering in-depth insights on topics, exploring ideas, summarizing, interpreting, and mainly expressed in
words (documentary analysis through qualitative approach). The paper has focused acculturation and
socialization of coffee in India, especially in southern Indian states. It has concentrated the marketization of
coffee through export. Then it discusses the weaknesses of this industry in the Indian competitive beverage
market.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
India started producing coffee as a normin the first decade of independence. The coffee industry was booming
in the post-liberalization era after the government decided on marketing rather than selling the government.
7India has sixteen varieties of coffees such as Arabia Coffee, Robusta Coffee, Kents Coffee, S.795 Coffee,
Cauvery Coffee, Sin.9 Coffee etc. Indian coffee produces in the Eastern and Western Ghats, which is
1 Coffee.in. Tracing the magic of the Coffee Bean in India. Paragraph 1st.
2 Coffee.in. Tracing the magic of the Coffee Bean in India. Paragraph 3rd.
3 Coffee.in. Tracing the magic of the Coffee Bean in India. Paragraph 3rd
4 Coffee.in. Tracing the magic of the Coffee Bean in India. Paragraph 3rd
5 What Brewing? An Analysis of India’s Coffee Industry. Coffee and the society.
6 What Brewing? An Analysis of India’s Coffee Industry. Weaknesses.
7 Varieties Coffees from India.

2nd International Conference on Coffee and Cocoa
proceedings book | April 7-8, 2022 - Bogota, Colombia 82
environmentally very sensitive and favourable for the plantation of coffee. 8Traditionally Indian coffee makes
in the Western Ghats of Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu states of India. 9Non-traditionally it grows in
Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Tripura, Nagaland, and Arunachal Pradesh of north-eastern Indian
states. 10Arabia Coffees have a flavour and balanced aroma coupled with a sweet smell. This type of Indian
coffee produced from November to January at a higher altitude varies from 11estimated 600-to 2000 metres in
calm, subtropical environmental situations. 12There are varieties of Arabia coffees such as Kents Coffee, S.795
Coffee, Cauvery Coffee, Sin.9 Coffee. 13Robusta is another type of Indian coffee with a strong taste and like
peanuts. It produces in the lower heights from December to February. It can survive in bad weather. Robustas
have better harvest and take less time to make than Arabicas. Robustas are highly demandable in the
international market due to their string test after 14expressos. Robusta coffee has a few categories, such as
S.274 Coffee and CX2 Coffee. In India, Kent is another type of coffee, the earliest form of Arabica coffee. 15In
the 1920s, Kent coffee was discovered by a British planter and remained well-liked until the 1940s. It is now
produced in a few areas. Kent is famous for its cup excellence. 16S.795 is India's other coffee brand, another
popular, or perhaps the most famous Arabica brand coffee in India. This coffee plant is a high-quality coffee
with high production, frozen beans, and better relative acceptance of green corrosion. 17It is an excellent cup
of coffee with Mocha flavoured. Cauvery coffee is another Indian brand of coffee that receives superior quality
attributes of 18Caturra and the tough resistance of Hybrido-Timor19. Sin.9 coffee is a hybrid of 20'Tafarikela,'
a traditional Arabica gathering. It received the award for the best Arabica flavour from Cupping competition
2002 21by the Coffee Board of India. In India, coffee has its varietal sources throughout India's regions. They
have been discussed on the chart.
Annamalai region
of Tamil Nadu,
India.
Arabica Coffee with large beans, green in colour
with strong aroma. The Western Ghats.
Araku Valley,
Andhra Pradesh
Araku Valley, Andhra Pradesh, Southern Part of
Orrisa, Eastern Ghats. The tribal community has
produced coffee. It is a medium body with spicy
notes.
Brahmaputra
Valley, Northeast
India.
Low production of Arabica Coffee. It is medium to
the entire body and has a mild acidity and pleasant
aroma.
8 Origin of Coffee in India. Coffee cultivation and plantations after 1947. Paragraph 1st.
9 Origin of Coffee in India. Coffee cultivation and plantations after 1947. Paragraph 1st.
10 Varieties Coffees from India.
11 Varieties Coffees from India. Arabica Coffee.
12 Varieties Coffees from India. Arabica Coffee.
13 Varieties Coffees from India. Robusta Coffee.
14 Varieties Coffees from India. Robusta Coffee.
1515 Varieties Coffees from India. Kent Coffee.
16 Varieties Coffees from India. S.795 Coffee.
17 Varieties Coffees from India. S.795 Coffee.
18 Varieties Coffees from India. S.795 Coffee.
19 Varieties Coffees from India. S.795 Coffee.
20 Varieties Coffees from India. Sin.9 Coffee.
21 Varieties Coffees from India. Sin. 9 Coffee.

2nd International Conference on Coffee and Cocoa
proceedings book | April 7-8, 2022 - Bogota, Colombia 83
Chikmagalur,
Karnataka
Coffee country of India due to its suitable
environmental conditions. Arabica coffee with
medium body, light acidity, and flavour.
Coorg, Karnataka India's largest coffee-producing district. Arabica
Coffee with light acidity and mild flavour makes
here.
Nilgiris, Tamil
Nadu
Best Kent Arabica Coffee produces in this western
ghats mountain region. Coffees are firm, green in
colour, and aroma with a mild flavour.
Travancore,
Kerala
The southern state of Kerala. The coffee here is
known for CxR variety. It has an entire body with
sweet teat and slight bitterness.
Wayanad, Kerala It is in northern Kerala, and the state is the biggest
producer of Robusta coffee. Coffee beans are large,
green, whole body, aroma with hints of chocolate.
Sheveroys, Tamil
Nadu
Arabica Coffee, like S.795 produces at an altitude of
up to 5000 feet under silver rocks. It has a medium
body, good acidity, and a slight flavour with a hint of
spice.
Pulleys, Tamil
Nadu
Some of the best Arabica, such as S.795 produced
here. These coffees have a medium body, slight
flavour with little aroma

2nd International Conference on Coffee and Cocoa
proceedings book | April 7-8, 2022 - Bogota, Colombia 84
Nilgiris,
Karnataka
Hills of Southeastern Karnataka. It is a hilly region.
Arabica S.795 produces here. These coffees have an
entire body and sweet aroma.
https://www.teacoffeespiceofindia.com/coffee/india-coffees-varieties
Coffee has been recognized in India's culture. It is one of the enormous coffees producing countries in the
world. 22An estimated 3.5 percent of the global coffee production makes in India. India's South and North-East
regions are the best areas to produce the varieties of coffees due to the subtropical and favourable climatic
environment. 23An estimated 52,000 coffee gardens create employment opportunities for an estimated 2.5
million people in India. 24In India estimated 350,000 hectares of land are for coffee production in the northern
and southern parts. 25Indian Robusta coffee has global demand due to its flavour and mixing quality. 26In the
Western Ghats region, coffee in India produces. Therefore, the Indian states Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and
Karnataka is the largest producer of Indian coffee. They estimated that those southern states make 70 percent
of the total coffee in India. The Karnataka state of India is the largest producer of coffee, while Kerala state is
the second largest. Tamil Nadu is the third largest southern state of India that produces coffee. India's coffee
is exported to 27continental Europe.
Therefore, export marketing has prioritized India's economic development under 28the "Make in India"
initiative. Tata Global Beverages29 is the key market player in the Indian coffee sector. The company has an
estimated ninetieth coffee estate in southern India. Tata Coffee's partnership with Starbucks30 and a few other
U.S. companies have cemented India's coffee growth and its global spread and quality improvement.
Contemporary Indian brands are familiar globally. There are few best coffee brands in India. They have been
shown on a chart. Those brands are India's popular brands domestically and for export. India's domestic market
is influenced by traditional Indian tea because of Indian tea culture tradition. Therefore, coffee has been
recognized as one of Europe and Africa's most significant export products.
22 Coffebi. Indian Coffee Production: An Overview Of Five Decades Of Transformation
23 Coffebi. Coffee: an inevitable part of Indian culture.
24 Coffebi. Robuata Canephore is the most planted variety.
25 Coffebi. Robuata Canephore is the most planted variety.
26 Coffebi. Robuata Canephore is the most planted variety.
27 Coffebi. The wide-spread demand for Indian coffee in Continental Europe.
28 Coffebi. The wide-spread demand for Indian coffee in Continental Europe.
29 Coffebi. India is home to a leading coffee roaster.
30 Coffebi. India is home to a leading coffee roaster.

2nd International Conference on Coffee and Cocoa
proceedings book | April 7-8, 2022 - Bogota, Colombia 85
CONCLUSION
India has 3116 different indigenous coffee varieties and is the only country that grows coffee harvest in the
shade. There are many coffee cultivation places in India; some have spices fields such as cardamom and
cinnamon32 . However, because tea is India's traditional hot drink, coffee produces for export. 33An estimated
80 percent of Indian coffee production is for export. Coffee culture in India is still a new phenomenon.
Therefore, the youth section of the Indian society enjoys the flavour of coffee by meeting together at a coffee
house. In the 1940s dismissed, the Indian coffee board members created "Indian Coffee House." It was the
first coffee house in India to serve people by the flavour of the coffee. The feature question of the paper is, is
coffee in India one of the essential organic export products? And how does it contribute to India's economic
development? Coffee has been recognized as India's export product for continental Europe. Tea is still a
31 Coffee Culture. Coffee Cultivation and Facts. Paragraph 1st.
32 Coffee Culture. Coffee Cultivation and Facts. Paragraph 2nd.
33 Coffee Culture. Coffee Cultivation and Facts. Paragraph 3rd.
Continental Coffee Nescoffee Blue Tokai Bru Coffee David Off
Starbucks Hatti kappi Lavazza Seven Beans Flying Squirrel
Tata Coffee The Indian Bean Narasue's Coffee Girner Coffee Nandan Coffee
Sunrise Coffee Devi Coffee

2nd International Conference on Coffee and Cocoa
proceedings book | April 7-8, 2022 - Bogota, Colombia 86
significant hit drink in India; therefore, coffee has been used as an export product. Coffee has an essential role
in India's economic development by exporting by increasing India's foreign reserve.
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