A new species of Lepanthes (Pleurothallidinae) from the north of the Central Andes of Colombia

Abstract

A new Lepanthes species from the northern end of the Central Andes of Colombia is described, illustrated, and compared with morphologically similar species. Lepanthes wakemaniae is most similar to L. caesariata but is easily distinguished by its petals with oblong to ovate upper lobes and triangular lower lobes; semi-ovate lip blades, with their inner margins touching above the column; the appendix ligulate and pubescent, and a column with an expanded, orbicular stigma.

Full text

LANKESTERIANA 22(1): 53–61. 2022. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/lank.v22i1.50855
A NEW SPECIES OF LEPANTHES (PLEUROTHALLIDINAE) FROM THE
NORTH OF THE CENTRAL ANDES OF COLOMBIA
SebaStián Vieira-Uribe1,2,4 & JUan SebaStián Moreno1,3
1Grupo de Investigación Schultes, Fundación Ecotonos, Carrera 72 # 13A-56, Cali, Colombia.
2Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad Tropical - GIBIOT, Jardín Botánico de Medellín,
Calle 73 # 51D-14, Medellín, Colombia.
3Departamento de Biología, Universidad del Valle, Calle 13 # 100-00, Cali, Colombia.
4Author for correspondence: utricseb@gmail.com
ORCID of the Authors: SVU , JSM
Received 12 January 2022; accepted for publication 9 April 2022. First published online: 26 April 2022.
Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-No Derivs 3.0 Costa Rica License.
Introduction. The genus Lepanthes Sw. is a neotropi-
cal genus in the Pleurothallidinae with approximately
1160 accepted species (Restrepo et al. 2022), it com-
prises more than 300 species described in Colombia
(Luer & Thoerle 2012), and during the last decade,
several new species have been described from dif-
ferent areas and ecoregions in this country (Gutiérrez
et al. 2021, Moreno et al. 2017, 2018, 2020a, 2020b,
Restrepo et al. 2022, Vieira & Larsen 2014a, 2014b,
Vieira & Moreno 2018, 2019, 2020, Vieira-Uribe et al.
2021). One of these ecoregions is the Alto de Venta-
nas, located at the northern end of the central Andes of
Colombia, where several Lepanthes species have been
discovered and described (Vieira & Moreno 2019).
In recent studies of biogeographic regions and di-
versication of ora and fauna in the Andes (Hazzi et
al. 2018, Pérez-Escobar et al. 2022), the northern An-
des in the Central Cordillera are found to have more
relation in terms of biodiversity with the Western Cor-
dillera rather than the Central Cordillera which means
that probably bioregions like the Pacic, The Chocó
and the Western Andes could have a strong inuence
in this area. These ndings could be supported with
some events of isolation caused by rivers and others
biogeographic boundaries that could drive events of
vicariance and dispersal. Also, some of the species
that have been found in the Alto de Ventanas have a
strong correlation with the Eastern Cordillera, suggest-
ing that environmental factors from several areas may
converge into a big biodiverse hotspot.
The idea of a hotspot in the northern Andes could
be supported with the high endemism and the de-
scription of new plant species like Columnea anten-
nifera J.L.Clark & Clavijo (Gesneriaceae) (Clark &
Clavijo 2012), Cyathea toroi Lehnert, F.Giraldo &
A.Tejedor (Cyatheaceae) (Lehnert et al. 2019), Dick-
sonia lehnertiana Noben, F.Giraldo, W.D.Rodr. &
A.Tejedor (Dicksoniaceae) (Noben et al. 2018), Schef-
era brevirama Jiménez-Mont. & Idarraga (Aralia-
ceae) (Jiménez-Montoya & Idárraga-Piedrahíta 2018),
and Lepanthes gloriae S.Vieira-Uribe & J.S.Moreno
(Orchidaceae) (Vieira & Moreno 2021), and frogs like
Pristimantis carylae Rivera-Correa, González-Durán,
Saldarriaga-Gómez, and Duarte-Marín, and P. choco-
abStract. A new Lepanthes species from the northern end of the Central Andes of Colombia is described,
illustrated, and compared with morphologically similar species. Lepanthes wakemaniae is most similar to
L. caesariata but is easily distinguished by its petals with oblong to ovate upper lobes and triangular lower
lobes; semi-ovate lip blades, with their inner margins touching above the column; the appendix ligulate and
pubescent, and a column with an expanded, orbicular stigma.
reSUMen. Una nueva especie de Lepanthes del extremo norte de los Andes Centrales de Colombia se describe,
ilustra y compara con especies morfológicamente similares. Lepanthes wakemaniae es más similar a L. cae-
sariata pero se distingue fácilmente por sus pétalos con los lóbulos superiores oblongos a ovados y los lóbulos
inferiores triangulares; las láminas del labelo semi-ovadas, con las márgenes internas tocándose por encima de
la columna; el apéndice ligulado y pubescente, y una columna con un estigma orbicular y expandido.
KeywordS / PalabraS claVe: Alto de Ventanas, Antioquia, conservation, conservación, Lepanthes caesariata,
Lepanthes wakemaniae, Yarumal

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latebari Rivera-Correa, González-Durán, Saldarriaga-
Gómez, and Duarte-Marín (Rivera-Corre et al. 2021).
The area probably could be considered in the future as
a new bioregion, compared with the three cordilleras
and even, with the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta.
Corporación Salvamontes is a Colombian NGO
dedicated to conserving threatened species and their
habitat in the Alto de Ventanas, currently owning three
nature preserves where 1300 acres of land are pro-
tected. Some of their land acquisitions were funded
by auctioning the names of new species, like the three
Lepanthes species described in 2019: Lepanthes cis-
syana S.Vieira-Uribe & J.S.Moreno, L. dougdarlingii
S.Vieira-Uribe & J.S.Moreno and L. sabinadaleyana
J.S.Moreno & S.Vieira-Uribe (Vieira & Moreno 2019),
an excellent example of what is possible with the co-
hesion of conservation and taxonomy and the benets
that this can bring for the biodiversity in Colombia.
Here, we describe another new species of Lepanthes
discovered recently in the Los Magnolios Natural Re-
serve during explorations and documentation of its or-
chid ora. We name it to the memory of the mother of a
generous donor who partially funded the expansion of
the protected area where the new species can be found.
Materials and methods. The type specimen was col-
lected in Colombia while conducting research in Los
Magnolios Natural Reserve to improve knowledge of
its orchid ora, and as part of the ongoing research
on the orchids of Antioquia, under permit Resolución
No. 01711. Vouchers were preserved as dried or spir-
it specimens for future reference at JAUM.
Living and preserved specimens were examined
for morphological and taxonomic comparisons. In ad-
dition, the monograph of Lepanthes from Colombia
(Luer & Thoerle 2012), other original descriptions
from related species were reviewed, and compared,
specimens from the following herbaria: AMES, COL,
CUVC, FMB, HUA, ICESI, JAUM, JBB, TOLI, and
MO (online) were consulted, and no additional mate-
rial of the new species was found.
The description and drawings were prepared from
living specimens dissected under a Barska AY11234
trinocular stereo microscope. Digital images were
taken with a Canon 7d Mark II with a Canon 100 mm
f/2.8L macro lens. Sketches from living and preserved
specimens were digitized, and the images were used
for diagramming a draft composite plate in Adobe
Photoshop® 2020. In addition, a digital composite line
drawing was made in the Procreate illustration applica-
tion with an iPad 8th generation tablet. The Botanical
terminology used in the manuscript was consulted in
Beentje (2012) and Stearn (1992).
Taxonomic TreaTmenT
Lepanthes wakemaniae S.Vieira-Uribe & J.S.Moreno,
sp. nov. (Fig. 1–2).
TYPE: Colombia. Antioquia: Municipio de Yarumal,
vereda Corcovado, Reserva Natural Los Magnolios,
1540 m, 8 Nov 2021, S.Vieira 027 & L.F. Pérez (holo-
type: JAUM-Spirit; isotype: HUA-Spirit).
Diagnosis: Lepanthes wakemaniae is most similar to
L. caesariata Luer & R.Escobar but is easily distin-
guished from the latter by having petals with oblong
to ovate upper lobes and triangular lower lobes (vs.
oblong and oblique lobes) that are microscopically
pubescent (vs. densely long pubescent, ciliate); semi-
ovate lip blades (vs. oblong sub-truncate) longer than
the lower lobes of the petals (vs. of similar length),
with their inner margins touching above the column
(vs. adherent above the column), the appendix ligulate
and pubescent with the pubescence longer at the apex
toward the sides (vs. oblong, short and pubescent ap-
pendix) and an expanded, orbicular stigma (vs. bilobed
stigma).
Plant medium in size for the genus, epiphytic,
caespitose, 10–14 cm tall. Roots slender, exuous, li-
form, 0.5–0.7 mm in diameter. Ramicauls slender, su-
berect to horizontal, 2.4–7.6 cm long, enclosed by 5–9
acuminate, ribbed, ciliate along the ribs lepanthiform
sheaths, with ciliate dilated margins. Leaves occasion-
ally suffused with purple along the veins on the adaxial
surface, abaxially speckled with purple and suffused
with purple along the veins, more or less horizontal,
coriaceous, acrodromous and reticulate-veined, ovate
to lanceolate, the apex attenuate, 4.6–6.2 × 1.9–2.0,
the rounded base contracted into a ca. 1.5 mm long
petiole. Inorescence a congested, distichous raceme
successively many-owered, up to ¾ the length of
the leaf, 4.1 cm long including the peduncle, held ap-

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Vieira-Uribe & Moreno — A new Lepanthes from Colombia
Figure 1. Illustration of Lepanthes wakemaniae S.Vieira-Uribe & J.S.Moreno. A. Habit, as seen from below. B. Flower. C.
Dissected perianth. D. Ovary, column and lip, side view. E. Lip expanded. F. Anther cap and pollinia. Drawn by J. S.
Moreno from S.Vieira 027 & L.F. Pérez.

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Figure 2. In-situ photos of Lepanthes wakemaniae S.Vieira-Uribe & J.S.Moreno. A. Flower, ¾ view. B. Abaxial view of a
leaf with three open owers. C. Habit. Photographed by S. Vieira-Uribe from S.Vieira 027 & L.F. Pérez.
pressed to the abaxial surface of the leaf by a liform,
terete peduncle up to 2.0 cm long borne near the apex
of the ramicaul; oral bracts conical, acuminate, cili-
ate, up to 1.5 mm long; pedicels terete, up to 1.9 mm
long. Ovary terete, costate, ca. 1.9 mm long. Flowers
sepals translucent cream; petals dull yellow-brown, the
upper lobe with deep purple-red external margins and
magenta inner margins; the lip with the body magenta,
the connectives and blades tawny tinted with magenta
in the apex, the appendix cream; the column cream
suffused with magenta. Dorsal sepal ovate, with re-
pand margins, acute, 3-veined, 2.8 × 1.9 mm, connate
at the base to the lateral sepals for ca. 0.7 mm. Lateral
sepals ovate, oblique, with repand margins, the apex
attenuate and oblique, pointing away from the ower
axis, 2-veined, 2.5 × 1.4 mm, connate at the base for
ca. 0.9 mm. Petals transversally bilobed, microscopi-
cally pubescent, slightly convex, 0.8 × 2.2–2.3 mm, 1
veined; the upper lobes imbricate, oblong to ovate, the
inner margin straight, rounded to sub-truncate, 1.2–1.3
× 0.8 mm; the lower lobes triangular, oblique, obtuse,
0.9–1.0 × 0.7 mm. Lip bilaminate, microscopically pu-
bescent, the blades semi-ovate, the base subacute, the
apex obtuse, the inner margins touching above the col-
umn, 1.4 × 0.5 mm, supported by cuneate connectives
from near the middle, the body elliptic, adnate to the
base of the column, the sinus rounded, with a ligulate,
pubescent appendix, the pubescence longer at the apex
toward the sides. Column conical, terete, microscopi-
cally pubescent, arcuate, ca. 1.3 mm long, the anther
dorsal, the stigma expanded, orbicular, ventral, the ros-
tellum minutely mbriate. Anther cap white suffused

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Vieira-Uribe & Moreno — A new Lepanthes from Colombia
with magenta and tawny, narrowly cordate, cucullate,
smaller than the clinandrium cavity, 0.5 mm long. Pol-
linia 2, yellow, narrowly obovoid, 0.45 mm long, at-
tached to a drop like viscidium.
eponymy: The name of the new species memorializes
Elizabeth “Betty” Wakeman (Eshbaugh) Henderson
from the USA, who lived from 1916 to 1997, an ar-
dent lover of the natural world and everything botanical.
HabiTaT anD ecology: The new species has been found
only at a single locality inside Los Magnolios Natural
Reserve, a privately owned nature preserve in Alto de
Ventanas, Yarumal. A highly biodiverse spot located
at the northern end of the Central Andes of Colom-
bia (Fig. 3). There, Lepanthes wakemaniae grows as
an epiphyte in moss-covered twigs and trunks near
the border of a well preserved and orchid-rich ma-
ture forest along a river (Fig. 4). It grows together
with several other orchid species, such as Dracula
chimaera (Rchb.f.) Luer, Houlletia lowiana Rchb.f.,
Lepanthes agglutinata Luer, the recently described L.
gloriae, L. golondrina Luer & R.Escobar, and Phrag-
mipedium schlimii (Rchb.f.) Rolfe.
conservaTion sTaTus: Lepanthes wakemaniae is known
only from its type locality, located inside a privately
owned nature preserve. The proposed IUCN categori-
zation is data decient (DD) because adequate popula-
tion and distribution information to assess the species
is unavailable.
Discussion. Lepanthes wakemaniae (Fig. 1, 2, 5A)
can be uniquely recognized from all other species of
the genus by the following combination of characters:
medium sized plants with leaves ovate to lanceolate,
acrodromous and reticulate-veined, the veins tinted
with purple abaxially, sometimes also adaxially; the
owers resting on the abaxial surface of the leave with
microscopically pubescent petals and lip; the petals
transversally bilobed with the upper lobes imbricate,
oblong to ovate, slightly longer than the oblique, trian-
gular lower lobes and a bilaminate lip with semi-ovate
blades longer that the lower lobes of the petals, with
Figure 3. Map showing the locality where Lepanthes wakemaniae S.Vieira-Uribe & J.S.Moreno was found. Prepared by J.
S. Moreno.

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Figure 4. Habitat of Lepanthes wakemaniae S.Vieira-Uribe & J.S.Moreno. Photographed by L. F. Pérez at the type locality.
Figure 5. Comparative plate showing photos of the species most similar to Lepanthes wakemaniae S.Vieira-Uribe &
J.S.Moreno. A. Lepanthes wakemaniae. B. Lepanthes caesariata. C. Lepanthes hymenoptera. Photgraphed by S. Vie-
ira-Uribe.

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Vieira-Uribe & Moreno — A new Lepanthes from Colombia
the inner margins touching above the column but not
adherent, and the lip appendix ligulate, pubescent, with
the pubescence longer at the apex toward the sides.
It is most similar in plant and ower to the Co-
lombian species Lepanthes caesariata (Fig. 5B), both
with medium sized plants, a congested, distichous
inorescence borne resting on the abaxial surface of
the leaf, light colored and fully spread sepals, trans-
versely bilobed and pubescent petals with purple-red
margins and upper lobes overlapping and slightly
larger than the lower lobes, and a bilaminate lip with
thin, microscopically pubescent blades with their in-
ner margins touching above the column, but L. wake-
maniae is easily distinguished by having petals with
the upper lobes oblong to ovate and the lower lobes
triangular (vs. oblong and oblique) that are micro-
scopically pubescent (vs. densely long pubescent,
ciliate); a lip with semi-ovate blades (vs. oblong sub-
truncate) with their inner margins touching above the
column (vs. adherent above the column) and the ap-
pendix ligulate and pubescent with the pubescence
longer at the apex toward the sides (vs. oblong, short
and pubescent).
The new species is also orally similar to the
three Ecuadorean species L. hymenoptera Luer (Fig.
5C), L. reventador Luer & Hirtz (Fig. 6B), and L.
tectorum Luer & Hirtz. (Fig. 6C), sharing with them
fully spread ovate sepals, pubescent petals with the
upper lobes oblong and overlapping and the lower
lobes triangular, and a bilaminate lip with the inner
margins of the at blades touching above the column.
Lepanthes wakemaniae can be distinguished from
L. hymenoptera and L. reventador by producing the
inorescence on the abaxial surface of the leaves (vs.
on the adaxial surface), the petals microscopically
pubescent (vs. short pubescent, L. reventador with
long pubescent lower lobes), with the upper lobe ob-
long to ovate with the apex rounded to sub-truncate
(vs. oblong, truncate), the lip blades barely touching
above the column (vs. adherent medially) and the ap-
pendix ligulate (vs. ovoid in L. hymenoptera and li-
form in L. reventador).
Lepanthes tectorum also produces its inorescence
on the abaxial surface of the leaf, but it can be eas-
ily separated from L. wakemaniae by the lip blades
broadly ovate (vs. semi-ovate) that are adherent medi-
ally above the column (vs. barely touching above the
column) and a pubescent, longitudinally tripartite ap-
pendix (vs. ligulate appendix).
A summary of differences between Lepanthes
wakemaniae and already mentioned similar species is
found in Table 1.
Figure 6. Comparative plate showing drawings of other species similar to Lepanthes wakemaniae S.Vieira-Uribe &
J.S.Moreno. A. Lepanthes wakemaniae. B. Lepanthes reventador. C. Lepanthes tectorum. Prepared by S. Vieira-Uribe.
Drawing A by J. S. Moreno from S.Vieira 027 & L.F. Pérez, drawings B and C, Courtesy of Missouri Botanical Garden.

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acknowleDgemenTs. The authors want to thank Corporaci-
ón Salvamontes and the Orchid Conservation Alliance for
the protection of the habitat of the new species, the staff
at the herbarium Jardín Botánico Joaquín Antonio Uribe
(JAUM) for their support, and nally, Ian Van Coller, W.
Hardy Eshbaugh and the Elizabeth Wakeman Henderson
Charitable Foundation for their support to the expansion
and management of the Los Magnolios Natural Reserve,
where the new species was found.
liTeraTure ciTeD
Beentje, H. (2012). The Kew Plant Glossary (Rev. ed.).
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new species of Gesneriaceae from the Cordillera Cen-
tral of the colombian Andes. Journal of the Botanical
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anthes marielana (Orchidaceae, Pleurothallidinae), a
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phytotaxa.484.1.5
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cio, R. D. (2018). Biogeographic regions and events
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Trait L. caesariata L. hymenoptera L. reventador L. tectorum L. wakemaniae
Lip blades Oblong with
subtruncate ends,
adherent medially.
Minutely erose, oblong
with the ends obtuse,
adherent medially.
Ovate with rounded
ends, adherent
medially.
Broadly ovate
with rounded
ends, adherent
medially.
Semi-ovate, barely
touching above the
column.
Lip connectives Oblong, supporting
the blades from the
basal third.
Oblong, supporting the
blades from the middle.
Narrowly oblong,
supporting the
blades from the
basal third.
Narrowly oblong,
supporting the
blades from near
the middle.
Cuneate,
supporting the
blades from the
near the middle.
Lip appendix Short, oblong,
pubescent.
Ovoid, bilobulate,
pubescent.
Filiform, ciliate on
the underside.
Pubescent,
longitudinally
tripartite.
Ligulate,
pubescent, the
pubescence longer
at the apex toward
the sides.
Petals
(pubescence)
Densely long
pubescent-ciliate.
Shortly pubescent. Upper lobe short
pubescent, lower
lobe long pubescent.
Microscopically
pubescent.
Microscopically
pubescent.
Petals (upper
lobe)
Oblong, oblique,
imbricate, apex
obtuse.
Oblong, truncate,
imbricate.
Oblong, truncate. Oblong, oblique,
obtuse.
Oblong to ovate,
imbricate, the inner
margin straight,
apex rounded to
sub-truncate.
Petals (lower
lobe)
Oblong, oblique,
apex obtuse.
Triangular, obtuse. Triangular. Oblong-
triangular,
obtuse.
Triangular, oblique,
apex obtuse.
Table 1. Summary of the main differences between Lepanthes wakemaniae and morphologically similar species.

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