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BIOSYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES FROM THE PEEL OF AMORPHOPHALLUS CAMPANULATUS (YAM)
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The present study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of extracts prepared from the peel of Amorphophallus campanulatus. The UV-Vis absorption spectrum of silver nanoparticles in peel extract of Amorphophallus campanulatus showed maximum absorbance at 420 nm. The XRD pattern showed different intensity peaks in the whole of 2ө values ranging from 10-90 0. SEM study demonstrated that the average size was from 50nm. The EDAX Spectrum signal was observed at 3Kev. The other spectral signals such as O, K, Ca, Ag, Si, Cl, and Al were noticed in the EDAX Spectrum. The FTIR spectrum of synthesized silver nanoparticles showed alkyl halides, alkanes, amides and alcohols as different functional groups.
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... An increase in the absorption peaks confirms the encapsulation of chitosan with Ap-ZnONPs. The UV absorption wavelength of silver nanocrystals synthesized from Amorphophallus campanulatus peels was studies by Manjula and Sevarkodiyone [42]. ...
... The morphological structure was studied and the images were taken at an acceleration voltage of 20 kV. The average size of Ag-NPs synthesised using extracts of Amorphophallus campanulatus was found to be 50 nm [35]. Ag-NPs synthesised from the leaf extract of Erythrina indica shows that the particles are spherical in shape with size ranging from 70 to 90 nm [33]. ...
Ethnic value of many known plants are underexploited for medicinal application besides their proven traditional qualities. One such plant known for wound healing is Tridax procumbens. This plant has wound healing property and is commercially unexploited. Silver nanoparticle (Ag-NP) were synthesized using this plant extracts using different solvents (methanol, ethyl acetate and aqueous), which exhibit resonance at 426, 424 and 418 nm, respectively. This plant-mediated Ag-NPs have strong anti-bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pyogenes, Klebsiella pneumonia, Serratia marcescens and Bacillus subtilis with methanol extract. Further instance, elemental composition was confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray analysis and particle size ranges were observed at 80-200 nm with spherical shape nanoparticles by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy analysis. The biocompatibility of Ag-NPs was assessed using fibroblast cell line (L929) by MTT assay with 109.35 µg IC50 value. The oxygen plasma treated and non-treated bamboo spunlaced nonwoven fabrics were coated with the Ag-NPs by exhaust method. Contact angle and water retention revealed significant difference in absorption ability of plasma treated fabric. Field emission scanning electron microscopy revealed the presence of Ag-NPs in plasma coated fabrics. The fabricated cloth was studied for anti-microbial and microbial penetration ability.
Degenerative histopathalogical alterations were seen in gills due to chronic exposure of the fish, Labeo rohita to chlorides of chromium, nickel and zinc for 30 days. However, more severe degenerative changes were observed in case of zinc chloride exposed fish than nickel chloride and chromium chloride treated fishes, indicating more toxic nature of zinc chloride. Mucus secretion over the gill lamellae was seen prominently in all the experimental fishes. However, in zinc chloride treated fish there was excessive mucus secretion after ten days of exposure andafter thirty days, epithelial lifting was seen. In chromium chloride and nickel chloride treated fishes there was basal hyperplasia, which indicated compensatory mechanism in ion regulation to adjust with the toxic stress.
Both of the two forms of glucoamylase (glucoamylases I and II) from the wheat bran culture of Mucor rouxianus hydrolyzed amylopectin, amylose, glycogen, soluble starch, maltotriose, and maltose, but did not act on isomaltose and isomaltotriose. Phenyl α-maltoside was hydrolyzed into glucose and phenyl α-glucoside by both glucoamylases. Maltose was hydrolyzed about one-fifth as rapidly as amylopectin. Both enzymes produced glucose from amylopectin, amylose, glycogen, soluble starch in the yields of almost complete hydrolysis. They hydrolyzed amylose with the inversion of configuration, producing the β-anomer of glucose. Glucoamylase II hydrolyzed raw starch at 3-fold higher rate than glucoamylase I. The former hydrolyzed rice starch almost completely into glucose, whereas the latter hydrolyzed it incompletely (nearly 50%).
Staphylococcus aureus has long been recognized as an important pathogen in human disease. Due to an increasing number of infections caused by methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains, therapy has become problematic. Therefore, prevention of staphylococcal infections has become more important. Carriage of S. aureus appears to play a key role in the epidemiology and pathogenesis of infection. The ecological niches of S. aureus are the anterior nares. In healthy subjects, over time, three patterns of carriage can be distinguished: about 20% of people are persistent carriers, 60% are intermittent carriers, and approximately 20% almost never carry S. aureus. The molecular basis of the carrier state remains to be elucidated. In patients who repeatedly puncture the skin (e.g., hemodialysis or continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis [CAPD] patients and intravenous drug addicts) and patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, increased carriage rates are found. Carriage has been identified as an important risk factor for infection in patients undergoing surgery, those on hemodialysis or CAPD, those with HIV infection and AIDS, those with intravascular devices, and those colonized with MRSA. Elimination of carriage has been found to reduce the infection rates in surgical patients and those on hemodialysis and CAPD. Elimination of carriage appears to be an attractive preventive strategy in patients at risk. Further studies are needed to optimize this strategy and to define the groups at risk.
