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Effect of homoeopathic drugs on the growth of Alternaria tenuis Auct. and Curvularia lunata (Wakker) Boedijn, the common leaf spot pathogens of ornamental and cultivated plants
Abstract
Ten homoeopathic drugs of various potencies were evaluated in-vitro, for their inhibitory effect on Alternaria tenuis Auct. and Curvularia lunata (Wakker) Boedijn causing leaf spot diseases of ornamental and cultivated plants of economic value. Bacillinum 30, 200, 1000; Lycopodium 200; Fagopyrum 200, 1000; Ustilago 1000; Petroleum 6, 200, 1000; Sepia 30, 200, 1000; Sulphur iod. 1000 and Mezereum 1000 caused 100% inhibition against A. tenuis, while Fagopyrum 200; Ustilago 6; Petroleum 200 and Sulphur iod. 6, 1000 caused 100% inhibition against C. lunata.
... It has been reported that various potencies of Sulphur iodatum, Bacillinum, Petroleum and Mezereum were effective against two plant pathogenic fungi, Alternaria tenuis and Curvularia lunata. [1] The in vitro and in situ testing of Sulphur iodatum 1M and Petroleum 30C has been reported to be effective against cellulytic fungi Aspergillus niger. [3] Belladona 30C, 1M, Sulphur 30C, Bryonia 200C, Carbo vegetabilis, Graphites 30C, 1M, Mercurius solubilis 6C, Phosphorus 30C, Thuja 30C and 1M have shown preventive effect against Aspergillus flavus strain II, the contaminant of linseed grains under in vitro. ...
Background: Before the 20th century, research in Homeopathy was limited either for its proving in healthy human volunteers or to its clinical verification/clinical efficacy in diseased individuals. However, in recent years, there has been an increased trend in the number of pre-clinical studies aimed to evaluate the pharmacological activity produced by homeopathic medicines. The objective of this review is to make a systemic compilation of results of experimental pharmacological findings of homeopathic medicines, both in vitro and in animal models, and to present the same in a summarised form. Methods: Articles published up to March 2017 having information of in vitro and in vivo studies using homeopathic medicines were collected from the PubMed database, review articles, scientific reports, research articles, thesis, online information extracted from Medline, etc. to compile this review. The articles from the most common therapeutic areas such as antimicrobial effect, central nervous system disorders, anti-inflammatory and analgesic, anticancer, wound healing, antiasthmatic and liver toxicity and other therapeutic areas such as diabetes and malaria were included in this review. Results: This review article not only provides the scientific approaches applied in Homeopathy research but also provides evidence-based information on pharmacological effects of dilutions/potencies as well as mother tincture of different homeopathic drugs. This review article also reveals the use of improved methodology, molecular techniques and analytical part adopted in recently published research articles to understand the mechanism of action of homeopathic medicines. Conclusion: Homeopathy has substantial scope in pre-clinical research where therapeutic and biological effects of homeopathic medicines with proper mechanism of action can be traced out with the use of modern molecular techniques in in vivo and in vitro experiments.
... A considerable number of experimental studies have been conducted to test the efficacy of homoeopathic drugs against fungal and viral diseases of plants, animals [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] and humans. [26][27][28][29][30][31][32] However, there seems to be few reports on in-vitro antimycotic effect of homoeopathic drugs against human pathogenic fungi in general and C. albicans in particular. ...
Background:
Candida albicans is an opportunistic pathogenic fungus accounting for up to 75% of all candidal infections in human beings. Generally, Candida grow and survive as commensals but slight modification of the host defense system can transform Candida albicans into a pathogen.
Materials and Methods:
Samples collected from the oral cavity and tongue of the patients suspected of suffering from oral candidiasis were incubated for growth of Candida. Fermentation and assimilation test confirmed the species as Candida albicans. Disc method was used to assess the in-vitro anti‑candidal effect of few homoeopathic drugs in 30 and 200 potencies against human pathogenic Candida albicans under in-vitro conditions and compared with standard antifungal drug ketoconazole (control), rectified spirit (control/vehicle) and distilled water (vehicle) by “inhibition zone technique”
Results: Homeopathic drugs namely Acid benzoicum, Apis mellifica, Kali iodatum, Mezereum, Petroleum, Sulphur, Tellurium, Sulphur iodatum, Graphites, Sepia, Silicea and Thuja occidentalis in 30 and 200 potencies were tested against Candida albicans. Mezereum in 200 and 30 potency showed maximum inhibition of growth of Candida albicans followed by Kali iodatum 200 while Kali iodatum 30 and Petroleum 30 had minimum inhibition.
Conclusion:
The results of these experiments support the concept of “evidence based medicine” depicting that homoeopathic medicines not only work in in-vivo but are equally effective in in-vitro conditions having definite inhibitory activity against Candida albicans.
Keywords:
Antifungal, Candida albicans, homoeopathic drugs, in‑vitro inhibitory activity
The extensive use of synthetic chemical fertilizers in agriculture is causing environmental problem. In this situation it is desirable to find out suitable agents, which would increase plant growth without compromising with the quality of food and of soil. This paper represents the history and trends of homeopathic drugs utilized in the control of plant pathogens in plant pathology. This method started with the pioneering work of kolisko in 1923 on wheat germination and Junker in 1928 on growth of microorganisms. Literature search on the Homeopathic drugs in the control of plant pathogens, which have shown the anti-fungal, anti-viral, anti-bacterial properties have been reviewed in this present paper. From the literature during the present study the different homeopathic drugs were found were used in agriculture. The contents of the article cover all the scientific reports published in Agricultural sectorfrom 1966 to till dates. A total 120 papers have been reported from homeopathic treatments used in Agriculture. Amongst these Arsenicum album, Natrum muriaticum, Cina, Thujawere found as the most used compounds. The science of homeopathy has great potentials and could give a new direction that requires attention of the researchers in alternative agriculture. This review discusses the experimental evidence relating to the use of homeopathic drugs in plant pathology, with view to assess the potential of homeopathy in agriculture.
The literature on the applications of homeopathy for controlling plant diseases in both plant pathological models and field trials was first reviewed by Scofield in 1984. No other review on homeopathy in plant pathology has been published since, though much new research has subsequently been carried out using more advanced methods.
To conduct an up-to-date review of the existing literature on basic research in homeopathy using phytopathological models and experiments in the field.
A literature search was carried out on publications from 1969 to 2009, for papers that reported experiments on homeopathy using phytopathological models (in vitro and in planta) and field trials. The selected papers were summarized and analysed on the basis of a Manuscript Information Score (MIS) to identify those that provided sufficient information for proper interpretation (MIS>or=5). These were then evaluated using a Study Methods Evaluation Procedure (SMEP).
A total of 44 publications on phytopathological models were identified: 19 papers with statistics, 6 studies with MIS>or=5. Publications on field were 9, 6 with MIS>or=5. In general, significant and reproducible effects with decimal and centesimal potencies were found, including dilution levels beyond the Avogadro's number.
The prospects for homeopathic treatments in agriculture are promising, but much more experimentation is needed, especially at a field level, and on potentisation techniques, effective potency levels and conditions for reproducibility. Phytopathological models may also develop into useful tools to answer pharmaceutical questions.
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