![Birds of Ñeembucú [end]. 42) Iberá Seedeater Sporophila iberaensis, Itá Corá, 25 January 2021 (Photo: Cristian Torres). 43) Golden-billed Saltator Saltator aurantiirostris, Puerto Elisa, Desmochados, 02 December 2020 (Photo: Cristian Torres). 44) Chaco Warbling-Finch Microspingus pectoralis, Pilar Military Base, 09 June 2020 (Photo: Cristian Torres). 45) Blue-and-Yellow Tanager Rauenia bonariensis, Pilar Military Base, 16 September 2021 (Photo: Emma Walker).](https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Paul-Smith-17/publication/360023741/figure/fig1/AS:1146299994910722@1650310624774/Figures-42-43-Birds-of-Neembucu-end-42-Ibera-Seedeater-Sporophila-iberaensis-Ita_Q320.jpg)
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BOLETÍN
BOLETÍN
–
CONTENIDO
–
Ornitología
George Hicks, Jeremy Dickens, Cristian Torres, Emma Walker, Sergio
D. Ríos, Luís Doldan, Ignasi Torre, Arne J. Lesterhuis, Hugo del Castillo,
Oscar Rodríguez & Paul Smith. The avifauna of the Paraguayan department
of Ñeembucú. [18.iv.2022]
3–54
George Hicks, Jeremy Dickens, Cristian Torres, Emma Walker,
Sergio D. Ríos, Luis Doldan, Ignasi Torre, Arne J. Lesterhuis,
Hugo del Castillo, Oscar Rodríguez & Paul Smith
THE AVIFAUNA OF THE PARAGUAYAN DEPARTMENT
OF ÑEEMBUCÚ
Abril del año 2022
Edición cerrada en línea el 18 de Abril de 2022
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The social wasps of the Americas excluding the Vespinae. London, UK: British Museum (Natural History). 580 pp.
The Hymenoptera of Costa Rica
in Hanson, P. & Gauld, I.D. (Eds.). The Hymenoptera of Costa Rica. Oxford,
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Zoologische Medelinge
The social wasps of the Americas excluding the Vespinae. London, UK: British Museum (Natural History). 580 pp.
The Hymenoptera of Costa Rica
in Hanson, P. & Gauld, I.D. (Eds.). The Hymenoptera of Costa Rica. Oxford,
Coreoidea Species File Online
Adobe. (2010). Adobe® Illustrator® CS5. Versión 15.0.0. Program for Microsoft Windows™ Environment.
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Ilustración de la portada:
Adulto y polluelo de Charadrius collaris
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CONTENIDO
BOLETÍN
–
Ornitología
George Hicks, Jeremy Dickens, Cristian Torres, Emma Walker, Sergio
D. Ríos, Luis Doldan, Ignasi Torre, Arne J. Lesterhuis, Hugo del Castillo,
Oscar Rodríguez & Paul Smith. The avifauna of the Paraguayan department
of Ñeembucú. [18.iv.2022]
3–54
Bol. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Parag. Vol. 26, Supl. A (Abr. 2022): 10 0-100
1680-4031/2022 Museo Nacional de Historia Natural del Paraguay. Este es un artículo de acceso abierto bajo la
licencia CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Recibido: Aceptado: Publicado online:
3–54
22.xi.2021 21.ii.2022 18.iv.2022
The avifauna of the Paraguayan department of Ñeembucú
La avifauna del departamento de Ñeembucú, Paraguay
George Hicks1,*, Jeremy Dickens1, Cristian Torres1, Emma Walker1,
Sergio D. Ríos2,3, Luis Doldan3, Ignasi Torre4, Arne J. Lesterhuis5, Hugo del Castillo6,
Óscar Rodríguez7 & Paul Smith1,8
1Para La Tierra, Centro IDEAL, Mariscal Estigarribia 321 c/ Tte. Capurro, Pilar, Dpto. Ñeembucú, Paraguay. www.paralatierra.org.
2Departamento de Arqueología y Paleontología, Secretaría Nacional de Cultura. Asunción, Paraguay.
3Club de Observadores de la Naturaleza - Paraguay.
4BiBio Research Group, Natural Sciences Musem of Granollers, c/Francesc Macià 51, E–08402 Granollers, Spain.
5WHSRN Executive Oce, Manomet, Inc., PO Box 1770, Manomet, MA 02345, USA.
6Guyra Paraguay Parque Ecológico Capital Verde, Avda. Carlos Bóveda, Viñas Cue Asunción Paraguay.
7Paraguay Birding and Nature Tours y Universidad Americana de Asunción, Paraguay.
8FAUNA Paraguay, Encarnación, Paraguay. www.faunaparaguay.com.
*Corresponding author: george.paralatierra@gmail.com.
Abstract.- The avifauna of Ñeembucú is currently one of the most understudied within Paraguay, with the
true diversity present likely to be greatly underrepresented. In the interests of contributing an up-to-date
species list for the department, we present 46 new documented bird records, as well as a list of all 330
documented birds within the department. We also provide documentation for 39 additional species that
have been previously reported in the department but without supporting evidence. Many of the newly
documented species are not surprising and highlight the substantial lack of robust ornthological work
occurring in the Ñeembucú department currently.
Keywords: Asio clamator, Sporophila iberaensis, Leptotila rufaxilla, wetland birds, humid chaco, dis-
tributional records.
Resumen.- La avifauna de Ñeembucú es actualmente una de las menos estudiadas dentro de Paraguay, con
la diversidad real presente probablemente muy subrepresentada. En el interés de contribuir con una lista
actualizada de aves del departamento, presentamos 46 nuevos registros documentados de aves, así como
una lista de las 330 aves documentadas dentro de Ñeembucú. Así también, proveemos documentación
para 39 especies adicionales, que han sido previamente registradas en el departamento, pero sin evidencia
asociada. Varios de las nuevas especies documentadas no son sorpresas y resaltan la carencia sustancial
de trabajos ornitológicos considerables desarrollados actualmente en el departamento de Ñeembucú.
Palabras Clave: Asio clamator, Sporophila iberaensis, Leptotila rufaxilla, aves de humedales, chaco
húmedo, registros de distribución.
The current state of the Paraguayan avifauna
is summarized in Smith & Clay (in press),
with over 700 species documented to occur
in the country. The avifauna of Ñeembucú is
one of the most poorly sampled of all Paragua-
yan departments, and the number of species
currently thought to occur in the department
likely greatly underestimates the true diversity
(Guyra Paraguay, 2005). Ñeembucú department
is located in the south-western Oriental region
and is bordered by the Paraguay river (facing
Formosa and Chaco Provinces in Argentina)
to the west and the Paraná river (opposite Co-
rrientes Province) to the south. The department
is made up largely of a vast wetland known as
the Ñeembucú Wetland Complex (NWC), the
second largest wetland complex in Paraguay
(Nei, 2001), interspersed with wet grasslands,
Copernicia palm savannas and gallery forests
(Mereles et al., 2005).
Despite the paucity of bird reports from
Ñeembucú, the department has a long history
of ornithological exploration, with the rst co-
llections in the region in the early 20th Century
Boletín del Museo nacional de Historia natural del Paraguay Vol. 26, Supl. A (aBril 2022)
4
G. Hicks, J. Dickens, C. Torres, E. Walker, S.D. Ríos, L. Doldan, I. Torre, A.J. Lesterhuis, H. del Castillo, Ó. Rodríguez & P. Smith
by Grant (1911a-c) who collected at Ajerichi,
Mortero, Tayru, Tebicuari, Villa Franca, Villa
Oliva and Pilar as he travelled along the Para-
guay River. Following this, the diculties of
access into the NWC meant that ornithological
survey work virtually ground to a halt. It was
70 years before data from the area began to be
collected again when, during the 1980s and
early 1990s, the Contreras family (Julio Rafael
Contreras, Andrés Óscar Contreras and Yolanda
E. Davies) collected widely across Ñeembucú.
They published some of their new departmental
records (A. O. Contreras, 1993, J. R. Contreras,
1986, 1992, 1995, Contreras et al., 1988, 1992,
1993, Contreras & Contreras, 1992, 1993, 1994,
Teta & Contreras, 2003), but the full catalogue
of the IBIS specimen collection of the Contreras
family was only published recently, adding an
additional 14 species to the departmental list
(Smith et al., 2021).
Hayes (1995) provided details of some of the
more interesting records from the department, in-
cluding a small number of rst published reports
based on specimens in US museums, but the rst
attempt at an atlas of Paraguayan birds was Guyra
Paraguay (2005), which provided a baseline for
records based on sightings logged in the Guyra
Paraguay Biodiversity Database (GPBD).
However, despite being a signicant contri-
bution, this publication suers from the poor
print quality, mapped points are not easily
assigned to departments (they are divided by
ecoregion), most of the mapped points are not
based on published records and numerous sig-
nicant published records (including many for
Ñeembucú) were overlooked.
Additional new Ñeembucú records have
been included in small numbers in publica-
tions dealing with wider ornithological themes
(Ridgely & Tudor 1994, Contreras et al. 2014,
Contreras & Smith 2014, Clay et al. 2015, Hayes
et al. 2018, Lesterhuis et al. 2018, Vallotton &
Smith, 2021). Another signicant “hole” in the
published data is that specic records obtained
during the Neotropical Waterbird Census (Censo
Neotropical de Aves Acuaticas) are not publicly
available. To address this, we summarise the
relevant Ñeembucú data herein.
Here we present a critically appraised, fully
referenced and updated bird list for Ñeembucú,
as well as documented records for a further 46
bird species that occur in the department, brin-
ging the total number of documented species
known to occur to 330.
Materials and Methods
A thorough review of the published literature
and online databases was performed with a
view to verifying previous bird records from
the department. Records were then classied
as documented (i.e. independently veriable
with a voucher specimen, published description
associated with a discrete record, or publicly
available photograph or sound recording) or
pending documentation (records that do not
have independently veriable corroborating data
publicly available). An undocumented species
was admitted to the main list (Appendix 1) only
if there were multiple (>3) and credible reports
by multiple experienced observers. All other
records on the main list are documented.
Several new documented records for the
department are also presented here from the
rst time. The majority of these were obtained
from dedicated bird surveys, or incidental ob-
servations, at Estancia Santa Ana (-26.8499,
-58.0343), a working cattle ranch, in the urban
zone of the city of Pilar (-26.8618, -58.3026),
at the Pilar Military Base - Regimiento de Ca-
ballería N° 2 “Coronel Felipe Toledo” (on the
outskirts of the city) (-26.8425, -58.3086), at
Estancia Delno (-26.8919, -58.3479) or the
town of Cerrito (-27.3436, -57.6383). A map of
these localities, as well as additional localities,
with coordinates, can be seen in Figure 1.
A species was considered to be a new re-
cord for the department if no published report
of its presence could be found. Key sources
for determining previous reports were Guyra
Paraguay (2005) and Smith & Clay (in press)
Boletín del Museo nacional de Historia natural del Paraguay Vol. 26, Supl. A (aBril 2022) 5
The avifauna of the Paraguayan department of Ñeembucú
(and the references cited therein), as well as the
references cited here in the introduction. Photos,
recordings or detailed descriptions are provided
to document all new records included herein,
and observers are referred to by their initials
after the species text (all gures in the author
line). We also publish for the rst-time data
for Ñeembucú department compiled from the
Figure 1. Map of the localities featured in this publication. 1) Isla Martín García (-27.3379, -57.6075). 2) Town of Cerrito
(-27.3344, -57.6402). 3) Laguna Sirena (-27.3339, -57.6219). 4) Laguna Bogado (-27.3331, -57.4976). 5) Laguna Rivero
(-27.3304, -57.5532). 6) Laureles (-27.2497, -57.4595). 7) Paso de Patria (-27.2439, -58.5477). 8) Itá Corá (-27.2217,
-581896). 9) Laguna Sisi, 9 km south of Humaitá (-27.1613, -58.6158). 10) Estancia Yvera, 50 km from Pilar on the
old Ruta IV (-27.129, -58.5352). 11) Estancia San Solano (-27.0862, -58.4153). 12) Humaitá (-27.0691, -58.5074).
13) Estancia Puerto Eliza, Desmochados (-27.0465, -58.1252). 14) Boquerón-Humaitá road (-27.0449, -58.4079). 15)
Tayru (-27.0079, -58.5087). 16) Swamps of the Arroyo Montuoso, 17 km NW of Pilar (-26.9918, -57.7788). 17) Isla
Umbú (-26.9812, -58.2724). 18) Paso Alambre (-26.9588, -58.1853). 19) Laguna Pablino (-26.9181, -58.4037). 20) Ruta
Pilar- Boquerón (-26.914, -58.3345). 21) Potrero González area of Ruta IV (-26.8905, -57.7172). 22) Estancia Delno
(-26.8848, -58.374). 23) Guazú Cuá (-26.8797, -57.9701). 24) Barrio San Lorenzo, Pilar (-26.8759, -58.3021). 25)
Puerto Nuevo de Pilar (-26.8697, -58.3187). 26) 17 km E of Pilar, Ruta IV (-26.8675, -58.1228). 27) Playa Municipal
(-26.864, -58.274). 28) 10 km E of Pilar on Ruta IV (-26.8611, -58.1793). 29) City of Pilar (-26.8604, -58.3021). 30)
Ruta IV junction with Guazú Cuá (-26.8572, -57.9925). 31) Arroyo Ñeembucú near the city bridge (-26.8533, -58.3003).
32) Barrio San José, Pilar (-26.8527, -58.2889). 33) Pilar Military Base (-26.8462, -58.3074). 34) Estancia Santa Ana
(-26.8448, -58.0312). 35) Puente Palenque, Tacuaras (-26.8362, -57.9935). 36) Laguna Gadea (-26.8201, -58.3126).
37) Estero Yacaré (-26.7711, -57.7506). 38) Estero Camba (-26.7486, -57.6986). 39) San Juan de Ñeembucú access
road (-26.681, -57.833). 40) Tebicuari (-26.5981, -58.1661). 41) Estancia Yacaré (-26.5883, -58.14). 42) Estancia Sal-
vese Quien Pueda (-26.5822, -57.7935). 43) Tebicuary river (-26.5792, -58.1453). 44) Ajerichi (-26.5115, -58.2011).
45) Tebicuary river near Ciervo Blanco (-26.4389, -57.8331). 46) Villa Franca (-26.3185, -58.1485). 47) Riacho Piriri
(-26.1135, -58.0418). 48) Villa Oliva (-26.0264, -57.8423). 49) Estancia Santa Oliva (-25.9969, -57.5339). 50) Ruta
Villeta-Alberdi (-25.8954, -57.7493). 51) Colonia M. Domínguez (-25.851, -57.7983). 52) Mortero (-25.8376, -57.7759).
53) Cerca de Pilar (-26.7733, -58.1336).
Boletín del Museo nacional de Historia natural del Paraguay Vol. 26, Supl. A (aBril 2022)
6
G. Hicks, J. Dickens, C. Torres, E. Walker, S.D. Ríos, L. Doldan, I. Torre, A.J. Lesterhuis, H. del Castillo, Ó. Rodríguez & P. Smith
Censo Neotropical de Aves Acuáticas (CNAA
– Neotropical Waterbird Census) obtained from
2004-2007, 2009 and 2013.
The list of the birds of Ñeembucú was
compiled with references to records for each
species, and by reviewing museum collections
of birds from the department. Little published
literature is available about the avifauna of the
department, and we found that in many cases
the only published record of the species in
Ñeembucú was a mapped point in Guyra Pa-
raguay (2005), and this was even the case for
some abundant and frequently observed species.
Where no voucher specimen was available to
document the presence of such species in the
department we uploaded photographs of them
taken in Ñeembucú to the ebird platform to con-
rm the identication and document presence
in the department.
Results
Here we report 46 new departmental distribution
records for Ñeembucú department, documenting
43 of them photographically, 5 with specimens
and 5 with sound recordings.
Yellow-billed Pintail
Anas georgica
(Anatidae)
(Fig. 2)
Three individuals photographed during Fe-
bruary 2020 in the company of White-faced
Whistling-Ducks Dendrocygna viduata on a
roadside wetland in the Potrero González area
of Ruta IV (LD). The species is considered a
vagrant to Paraguay (Lesterhuis et al., 2018),
with scattered previous reports from Central and
Presidente Hayes departments (Smith & Clay,
in press.) (LD).
Grey-fronted Dove
Leptotila rufaxilla
(Columbidae)
(Fig. 3)
An adult captured in a mist net and photogra-
phed at Cerrito on 29 July 2021 (GH, PS). This
resident species is typically associated with
humid forests in the Oriental region of Para-
guay, with previous reports from Amambay,
Alto Paraná, Caazapá, Canindeyú, Concep-
ción, Guairá, Misiones, Itapúa and Paraguarí
departments (Smith & Clay, in press.). Its pre-
sence in Misiones and Ñeembucú departments
is apparently associated with the gallery forests
of the Paraná River and mirrors the distribution
on the opposite bank of the river in Corrientes
Province, Argentina (Mark Pearman, pers.
comm.) (GH, PS).
Scaled Dove
Columbina squammata
(Columbidae)
(Fig. 4)
A frequently seen resident dove, reported from
various locations in Ñeembucú. The species was
rst heard vocalising in the city of Pilar during
2013 (PS) and was reported at Cerrito on 29
July 2021 (PS). Photographic documentation
is provided of an individual in Pilar on 21 Jun
2020 (CT). This is a species that is rapidly ex-
panding its range across Paraguay (Contreras &
González-Romero, 1989) and it has now been
recorded in all political departments (Smith &
Clay, in press.) (CT, EW, SDR, PS).
Opposite page: Figures 2-9. Birds of Ñeembucú. 2) Yellow-billed Pintail Anas georgica, Potrero González area of
Ruta IV, February 2020 (Photo: Luis Doldan). 3) Grey-fronted Dove Leptotila rufaxilla, Cerrito, 29 July 2021 (Photo:
George Hicks). 4) Scaled Dove Columbina squammata, Pilar, 21 June 2020 (Photo: Cristian Torres). 5) Sick’s Swift
Chaetura meridionalis, Pilar, 30 September 2018 (Photo: Jeremy Dickens). 6) Swallow-tailed Hummingbird Eupetomena
macroura, Pilar, 23 July 2021 (Photo: Emma Walker). 7) Azure Gallinule Porphyrio avirostris, Boquerón-Humaitá
road, 16 October 2019 (Photo: Sergio D. Ríos). 8) Collared Plover Charadrius collaris, Ñeembucú River, near the Pilar
city bridge, 15 August 2021 (Photo: Emma Walker). 9) Upland Sandpiper Bartramia longicauda, Estancia Delno, 21
December 2020 (Photo: Sergio D. Ríos).
Boletín del Museo nacional de Historia natural del Paraguay Vol. 26, Supl. A (aBril 2022) 7
The avifauna of the Paraguayan department of Ñeembucú
Boletín del Museo nacional de Historia natural del Paraguay Vol. 26, Supl. A (aBril 2022)
8
G. Hicks, J. Dickens, C. Torres, E. Walker, S.D. Ríos, L. Doldan, I. Torre, A.J. Lesterhuis, H. del Castillo, Ó. Rodríguez & P. Smith
Sick’s Swift
Chaetura meridionalis
(Apodidae)
(Fig. 5)
This breeding northern migrant has been ob-
served multiple times in Ñeembucú at Estancia
Santa Ana, Pilar and Isla Umbú. First documen-
tation is an individual photographed ying over
Pilar on 30 September 2018 (JD). The species is
now known to be present in all of the political
departments in the country (Smith & Clay, in
press.). (GH, JD, EW, SDR, PS).
Swallow-tailed Hummingbird
Eupetomena macroura
(Trochilidae)
(Fig. 6)
A single individual was photographed on 23
July 2021 at 14:21 in an urban garden in Pilar
(EW). The bird regularly visited a hummingbird
feeder and garden owers. This is a resident
species that is rapidly expanding across Pa-
raguay (perhaps along river systems), despite
having a somewhat limited Paraguayan range
just a decade ago (del Castillo et al., 2012). It
would seem likely that this species is (or will
soon be) present throughout the country in all
political departments (Smith & Clay, in press.).
(GH, CT, EW).
Azure Gallinule
Porphyrio avirostris
(Rallidae)
(Fig. 7)
Photographed in a wetland along the Boquerón-
Humaitá road on 16 October 2019 (SDR). An
additional individual was photographed at Es-
tancia Delno on 17 December 2021 (SDR, PS).
This is a breeding northern migrant that is easily
overlooked because of its secretive habits. It has
been previously recorded from Alto Paraguay,
Canindeyú, Central, Cordillera, Guairá, Itapúa,
Presidente Hayes and San Pedro departments
(Smith & Clay, in press.) (SDR, PS).
Collared Plover
Charadrius collaris
(Charadriidae)
(Fig. 8)
A commonly observed resident shorebird on the
banks and shallow areas of the Paraguay and
Ñeembucú rivers. This species was rst observed
during Paraguay River surveys during 14–15
October 2004, when a nest with 3 eggs was found
on a sandbank in front of Paso de Patria within
a colony of 10 nesting Yellow-billed Terns (S.
superciliaris) and 2 nesting Black Skimmers (R.
niger) (AJL). The species was further recorded
during the CNAA 2006 at Estero Yacaré (1 indivi-
dual) on 11 February 2006 and at Laguna Sirena,
Cerrito (22 individuals) on 14 February 2006
(Lesterhuis et al., 2007, Wetlands International,
2021). There is an undocumented record of the
species from Estancia San Solano during Novem-
ber 2008 (HDC). Two individuals were observed
and photographed on the Arroyo Ñeembucú, near
the city bridge on 23 May and 10 July 2021, with
another two later observed with three chicks on 15
August 2021 (CT, EW), conrming the breeding
dates reported earlier by Steinbacher (1968). (GH,
CT, EW, SDR, AJL, HDC, PS).
Upland Sandpiper
Bartramia longicauda
(Scolopacidae)
(Fig. 9)
A single individual perched in natural grassland
adjacent to a road close to the entrance to Es-
tancia Delno property was photographed on
21 December 2020 (SDR, PS). There is also a
specimen in the MNHNPy (01845) from Estan-
cia Yacaré (date unknown) and a report from the
CNAA of a single individual at Laguna Pablino
on 12 February 2006 (Lesterhuis et al., 2007,
Wetlands International, 2021). This is a Nearctic
passage migrant that, according to tracking data,
migrates on a broad front across the country
and thus is likely to be recorded in all political
departments (Hill et al., 2019, Smith & Clay, in
press.) (SDR, PS).
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The avifauna of the Paraguayan department of Ñeembucú
Baird's Sandpiper
Calidris bairdii
(Scolopacidae)
(Fig. 10)
An uncommon Nearctic passage migrant
through Paraguay, this species was observed
and lmed on 19 August 2020 at 15:00, on
the Arroyo Ñeembucú close to the city bridge
(CT). The species migrates along the Paraguay
River and so its presence in Ñeembucú is
predictable and undoubtedly regular (Smith
& Clay, in press.). The specimen (CE009384)
reported as Baird's Sandpiper in Contreras
& Contreras (1994) and Hayes (1995) is a
Bu-breasted Sandpiper (Smith et al., 2021).
(CT).
White-rumped Sandpiper
Calidris fuscicollis
(Scolopacidae)
(Fig. 11)
A common Nearctic passage migrant
through Paraguay, this species was observed
in small flocks of up to 20 birds, seen du-
ring Paraguay River surveys during 14–15
October 2004, aproximately 30 km north
of Pilar. It was photographed in Ñeembucú
for the first time on 29 October 2018, on
the Tebicuary River (JD). There is also a
previously unpublished specimen in the
MNHNPy (01833) from Isla Martín García.
The species migrates along the Paraguay
River and so its presence in Ñeembucú is
predictable and undoubtedly regular (Smith
& Clay, in press.). (GH, JD, CT, EW, SDR,
AJL, PS).
Wilson's Phalarope
Phalaropus tricolor
(Scolopacidae)
(Fig. 12)
A winter-plumaged adult was photographed on
the Arroyo Ñeembucú on 03 and 06 September
2020 (CT). This is a regular winter visitor and
passage migrant in Paraguay, but mainly to the
central Chaco. Passage through Ñeembucú is
probably annual in small numbers. (Smith &
Clay, in press.) (CT, EW, SDR, PS).
Spotted Sandpiper
Actitis macularius
(Scolopacidae)
(Fig. 13)
A regular but uncommon Nearctic passage
migrant and non-breeding visitor to Paraguay.
The first observation is an undocumented
sighting on the Paraguay River near Paraiso
on 24 November 2011 (HDC) and it was also
observed at Estancia Delno on 21 December
2020 (SDR, PS). First documentation was an
individual photographed on 05 October 2018,
on the Tebicuary river near Ciervo Blanco (JD).
The species migrates along the Paraguay River
and so its presence in Ñeembucú is predictable
(Smith & Clay, in press.). (JD, SDR, HDC, PS).
Solitary Sandpiper
Tringa solitaria
(Scolopacidae)
(Fig. 14)
A common Nearctic passage migrant and
non-breeding visitor to Paraguay. The GPBD
notes the following records: Estancia Salvese
Quien Pueda, 04-05 September 2004; Estancia
San Solano, 08-09, 13-14 November 2008;
and Estancia Yvera, 25-26 February 2009.
There are also the following reports from the
CNAA: Paraguay River, 19 February 2004 (1
individual), Estero Yacaré, 05 February 2005
(1); Paso Alambre, 11 February 2006 (21); and
Laguna Sisi, 13 February 2006 (11) (Wetlands
International 2021). The species has also been
recorded on multiple occasions at several
localities since, with photographic documen-
tation obtained on the Ñeembucú River near
Pilar, on 17 August 2020 (CT). The species
migrates along the Paraguay River and so its
regular presence in Ñeembucú is predictable
(Smith & Clay, in press.). (GH, JD, CT, EW,
SDR, PS).
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Figures 10-17. Birds of Ñeembucú [continued]. 10) Baird’s Sandpiper Calidris bairdii, Ñeembucú River, near the Pilar
city bridge, 19 August 2020 (Photo: Cristian Torres). 11) White-rumped Sandpiper Calidris fuscicollis, Tebicuary River,
29 October 2019 (Photo: Jeremy Dickens). 12) Wilson’s Phalarope Phalaropus tricolor, Ñeembucú River, near the Pilar
city bridge, 3 September 2020 (Photo: Cristian Torres). 13) Spotted Sandpiper Actitis macularius, Ciervo Blanco, 5
October 2018 (Photo: Jeremy Dickens). 14) Solitary Sandpiper Tringa solitaria, Ñeembucú River, near the Pilar city
bridge, 17 August 2020 (Photo: Cristian Torres). 15) Greater Yellowlegs Tringa melanoleucus, Ñeembucú River, near
the Pilar city bridge, 06 September 2020 (Photo: Cristian Torres). 16) Lesser Yellowlegs Tringa avipes, Ñeembucú
River, near the Pilar city bridge, 06 September 2020 (Photo: Cristian Torres). 17) Pinnated Bittern Botaurus pinnatus,
Estancia Delno, 21 December 2020 (Photo: Sergio D. Ríos).
Greater Yellowlegs
Tringa melanoleuca
(Scolopacidae)
(Fig. 15)
This is an uncommon Nearctic passage migrant
with infrequent records from Ñeembucú. There
is a record in the GPBD from Estancia Yacaré
(4-6 September 2008), and it has been observed
at Cerrito (24 November 2011; Silvia Centrón)
and on the Playa Municipal (21 May 2020;
SDR). The rst documented record was on the
Ñeembucú river on 06 September 2020 (CT).
(CT, SDR, PS).
Lesser Yellowlegs
Tringa avipes
(Scolopacidae)
(Fig. 16)
Common and widespread in the department,
despite there being no formal documentation
of the species previously. The GPBD notes the
following locality records: Guazú Cuá, 08-09
September 2001; Estancia Yacaré, 04-06 Sep-
tember 2008; and Estancia San Solano, 08-09,
13-14 November 2008. It was also reported
at multiple sites in February, during the 2006
CNAA: Estancia Yacaré (1 individual), Laguna
Sisi (20), Laguna Sirena (5), Laguna Rivero (7)
and Laguna Bogado (1) (Wetlands International
2021). The species also over-winters in lower
numbers, and a large over-wintering ock of
over 100 birds was watched feeding on mudats
at Laguna Sirena, Cerrito on 28 July 2021 (GH,
PS). A documented record is provided here
from 6 September 2020 on the Ñeembucú River
near the city bridge (CT). Though the bulk of
the Paraguayan population may be considered
a Nearctic passage migrant, many individuals
over-winter in Ñeembucú (Smith & Clay, in
press.) (GH, CT, EW, SDR, PS).
Pinnated Bittern
Botaurus pinnatus
(Ardeidae)
(Fig. 17)
The rst report is an undocumented sighting
at Estancia Santa Oliva during June/July 1997
(GPBD). The species was then documented with
a photograph of a pair of displaying birds in the
extensive marshland at the entrance to Estancia
Delno on 21 December 2020, suggestive of
local breeding (SDR, PS). The Paraguayan dis-
tribution of the species appears to be associated
largely with the watersheds of the Paraguay and
Paraná Rivers, but scattered localized records in
other areas suggest signicant wandering (Smith
& Clay, in press.) (SDR, PS).
Sharp-shinned Hawk
Accipiter velox
(Accipitridae)
(Fig. 18)
A single individual was photographed perched
on the edge of a forest island in Estancia Santa
Ana on 30 June 2021, at 11:02 (EW). An earlier
undocumented observation of this species was an
individual seen on 05 February 2005 along the
San Juan de Ñeembucú access road (AJL). This
resident species has been previously reported
from Amambay, Alto Paraná, Alto Paraguay,
Boquerón, Caazapá, Canindeyú, Central, Con-
cepción, Misiones, Itapúa and Presidente Hayes
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departments (Smith & Clay, in press.) (EW, AJL).
Crane Hawk
Geranospiza caerulescens
(Accipitridae)
(Fig. 19)
There are two reports from Ñeembucú,
the first is an individual photographed at
Humaitá on 15 September 2014 (SDR),
while the second was a bird observed fe-
eding on the ground at Estancia Delfino
on 12 September 2021 (GH, CT, EW).
The species is an uncommon resident in
Paraguay typically associated with Chaco
type habitats (especially in the Paraguay
River watershed), often close to water.
There are previous records from Alto Pa-
raguay, Boquerón, Central, Concepción,
Misiones, Presidente Hayes and San Pedro
departments. (Smith & Clay, in press.).
(GH, CT, EW, SDR).
Savanna Hawk
Buteogallus meridionalis
(Accipitridae)
(Fig. 20)
A common resident in Ñeembucú, often
seen perched on wires, fences or treetops in
open habitats. That this species has not pre-
viously been reported for the department
is probably an oversight, as it is one of
the most conspicuous components of the
departmental avifauna. Photographic docu-
mentation was obtained on 08 August 2021,
at 14:20 on Ruta Pilar-Boquerón, south of
Pilar (EW). The species is widespread in
Paraguay and has now been reported from
all departments (Smith & Clay, in press.).
(All authors)
White-tailed Hawk
Geronoaetus albicaudatus
(Accipitridae)
(Fig. 21)
Two individuals photographed whilst soaring at
Cerrito on 29 July 2021, is the rst documented
record of the species from the department (GH,
PS). The species had previously been observed
at this locality on 21 July 2007 (HDC). This is
a fairly common resident hawk of open areas
across most of the country (Smith & Clay, in
press.). (GH, HDC, PS)
Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl
Glaucidium brasilianum
(Strigidae)
(Fig. 22)
Another common resident in most localities
(including the main plaza of the city of Pilar)
which seems to lack prior formal documentation
in Ñeembucú (Guyra Paraguay, 2005). The spe-
cies was photographed at Estancia Puerto Eliza,
Desmochados on 8 December 2020 (CT). The
species is present in all Paraguayan departments
(Smith & Clay, in press.) (All authors).
Striped Owl
Asio clamator
(Strigidae)
(Fig. 23 & 24)
The rst record of this species for Ñeembucú
was a roadkill specimen (CZPLT-A-0085)
collected on Ruta IV at Km 17 east of Pilar
(-26.8675, -58.1228) in 2020 (PS). Subse-
Opposite page: Figures 18-25. Birds of Ñeembucú [continued]. 18) Sharp-shinned Hawk Accipiter velox, Estancia
Santa Ana, 30 June 2021 (Photo: Emma Walker). 19) Crane Hawk, Geranospiza caerulescens, Estancia Delno, 12
September 2021(Photo: George Hicks). 20) Savanna Hawk Buteogallus meridionalis, Boquerón-Humaitá road, 8 August
2021 (Photo: Emma Walker). 21) White-tailed Hawk Geranoetus albicaudatus, Cerrito, 29 July 2021 (Photo: George
Hicks). 22) Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl Glaucidium brasilianum, Estancia Puerto Elisa, Desmochados, 8 December 2020
(Photo: Cristian Torres). 23) Female Striped Owl Asio clamator, Pilar Military Base, 22 March 2021 (Photo: George
Hicks). 24) Male Striped Owl Asio clamator, Pilar Military Base, 22 March 2021 (Photo: Cristian Torres). 25) Peregrine
Falcon Falco peregrinus, Ruta Villeta-Alberdi, 12 May 2021 (Photo: Luis Doldán).
Boletín del Museo nacional de Historia natural del Paraguay Vol. 26, Supl. A (aBril 2022) 13
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quently the species was found to be breeding
in the department when a ground nest was
located at the Pilar Military Base and moni-
tored daily from 15 to 26 March 2021 (GH,
CT). One parent was typically present at the
nest, with the exception of 22 March, when
both parents were observed. Monitoring of the
nest ended abruptly after it was inundated by
a ash ood.
The nest was a minimally constructed
cleared area on the ground, with dimensions
approximately 27 x 22 cm and 4 cm deep, and
surrounded by plants of the genus Eryngium
sp. Some dried Eryngium material was present
in the nest, although this may have been inci-
dental. The clutch was of three white eggs, and
these were marked with distinctly coloured
marker pens for purposes of identication.
Eggs had the following dimensions: Egg 1
(Black) 46 x 39 mm with circumference 120
mm. Egg 2 (Red) 47 x 38 mm and circumfe-
rence 119 mm. Egg 3 (Blue) 44 x 38 mm and
circumference 199 mm. The measurements
of the eggs are consistent with those of eggs
measured in previous studies of the breeding
of the species (Goodman & Fisk, 1973, Krahe,
1981, Martinez et.al., 1996, Pautasso & de la
Peña, 2001, Riaño et.al., 2017).
The mass of the eggs was recorded daily
for 12 consecutive days (when the nest
ooded). Eggs ranged from 43g to 34.64g
in weight across the study period (Table
1), between 17 and 1.1 g heavier than those
measured by Krahe (1981). Eggs reduced an
average of 7 grams in weight during the 12
study days. Loss of weight during incubation
is natural due to evaporation of the liquid in
the egg (Drent, 1970).
As observers approached the nest, the
sitting owl would remain motionless in a
attened posture with the wings spread over
the nest (the streaked plumage providing ex-
cellent camouage in the grass), until the re-
searchers were approximately 1 m away, when
it would ush to a nearby tree and perform
15/3/2021 16/3/2021 17/3/2021 18/3/2021 19/3/2021 20/3/2021 21/3/2021 22/3/2021 23/3/2021 24/3/2021 25/3/2021 26/3/2021
Egg 1
(Black) 43 36 39 40 38,1 37,3 37,3 37,1 37 36,8 37,1 36,8
Egg 2
(Red) 42 40 39 39 37 36,4 36 35,9 35,8 35,7 35,8 35,5
Egg 3
(Blue) 43 36 36 36 35,2 34,4 34,4 34,2 34 33,8 33,9 33,6
Table 1. Striped Owl Asio clamator egg weight change between 15 March 2021 and 26 March 2021.
Boletín del Museo nacional de Historia natural del Paraguay Vol. 26, Supl. A (aBril 2022) 15
The avifauna of the Paraguayan department of Ñeembucú
a distraction display. This display consisted
of pued-up feathers, a hunched-over pose
and 2 defensive calls, a beak tapping and a
drawn-out barking, consistent with the threat
displays described previously (Krahe, 1981,
Claessens et.al., 2017). An audio recording
of this can be heard at Macaulaylibrary.org
[ML385258321 - https://macaulaylibrary.org/
asset/385258321]. This is the rst breeding
data for this species available for Paraguay.
(GH, CT, PS).
Peregrine Falcon
Falco peregrinus
(Falconidae)
(Fig. 25)
The rst two records of this species were at
Estancia Salvese Quien Pueda on the 4th and
5th of September 2004 (Guyra Paraguay) and
in Pilar on 03 Feburary 2021 (CT), both lacking
documentation. The rst photographed record
in Ñeembucú was taken on the Ruta Villeta-
Alberdi on 12th May 2021 (LD). A widespread,
but sparsely populated species in Paraguay,
Peregrine Falcons have been recorded in all
three of the chaco departments, as well as much
of the oriental region (Alto Paraná, Canindeyu,
Caazapá, Central, Concepción, Itapúa and
Misiones).
White-eyed Parakeet
Psittacara leucophthalmus
(Psittacidae)
(Fig. 26)
Numerous undocumented and unpublished
observations: Guazú Cuá (08-09 September
2001, GPBD); Cerrito (06 March 2002, 05-06
June 2004, August 2016, GPBD; 29 July 2021,
GH, PS); Laguna Sisi, 9 km south of Humaitá
(04 June 2004, GPBD); Ruta IV junction with
Guazú Cuá (04-06 September 2008, GPBD);
Estancia San Solano (November 2008, GPBD);
Estancia Yvera, 50 km from Pilar on the old Ruta
IV (25-26 February 2009, GPBD); Humaitá (15
October 2019, SDR); Ruta Villeta-Alberdi (29
November 2019, LD). The rst photographic
documentation is of an individual observed on
29 September 2020, in Barrio San José, Pilar
(CT) and a single individual was also observed
on 12 August 2021, in Barrio San Lorenzo,
Pilar, regularly vocalising and moving between
trees (EW). A recording of the vocalisations of
this latter individual is available at Xeno-canto.
org [XC684492 – https://www.xeno-canto.
org/684492]. This resident species is distributed
across the entire country, except the most arid
areas of the Dry Chaco, where it occurs only
occasionally (Smith & Clay, in press.). (GH,
CT, EW, SDR, LD, HDC, PS).
Streaked Xenops
Xenops rutilans
(Furnariidae)
Observed at Estancia Puerto Eliza, Desmocha-
dos on 18 December 2020. The individual was
photographed but the photograph (which was
examined by the authors) has since been lost.
This is an uncommon resident of forested areas
and has been previously reported from Alto
Paraná, Alto Paraguay, Canindeyú, Caazapá,
Concepción, Itapúa, Guairá and Paraguarí de-
partments (Smith & Clay, in press.). (CT).
Bu-browed Foliage-gleaner
Syndactyla rufosuperciliata
(Furnariidae)
First reported from Guazú Cuá on 08 September
2001 (GPBD) and another individual was ob-
served well at Estancia Santa Ana during May
2018 (JD). The rst documented record is a bird
seen well at Estancia Delno on 21 December
2020 (SDR, PS), and for which recordings of its
vocalisations are available online at Xeno-canto.
org [XC670799 – https://www.xeno-canto.
org/670799]. The species is a fairly common
resident of humid and semi-humid forests in
Amambay, Alto Paraná, Alto Paraguay, Caagua-
zú, Caazapá, Canindeyú, Concepción, Guairá,
Misiones, Itapúa and Paraguarí (Smith & Clay,
in press.). (JD, SDR, PS).
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Black-crowned Tityra
Tityra inquisitor
(Tityridae)
(Fig. 27)
The only report is of an adult male photogra-
phed at the Pilar Military Base on 18 October
2020, at 09:00 (CT). This species is a frequent
breeding migrant that is widely distributed
in forested areas of the Oriental region, and
occurs marginally in the Chaco west of the
Paraguay River in Alto Paraguay and Presi-
dente Hayes departments (Smith & Clay, in
press.) (CT).
Black-tailed Tityra
Tityra cayana
(Tityridae)
A calling female recorded [ML195468 -
https://macaulaylibrary.org/asset/195468] at
Cerrito on 27 October 1999 and apparently
collected by Kristof Zyskowski (specimen not
examined, located in MNHNP), has been pre-
viously overlooked in the published literature.
There is also an undocumented report of this
species from Estancia Yvera on 25 February
2009 (HDC). This is a breeding northern mi-
grant that has been previously recorded from
Amambay, Alto Paraná, Caazapá, Canindeyú,
Central, Concepción, Guairá, Itapúa, Paragua-
rí and San Pedro departments (Smith & Clay,
in press.). (HDC).
White-naped Xenopsaris
Xenopsaris albinucha
(Tityridae)
(Fig. 28)
The rst record is of a female photographed at
Humaitá on 19 September 2014 (SDR). A male
was then photographed perched in a tree in
semi-open habitat at Estancia Santa Ana on 12
July 2021, at 16:09 (CT, EW). The status of this
species in Paraguay is poorly understood, and
this latter report is the earliest recorded arri-
val date of the species in the country. Though
there are numerous reports from the Chaco
region, there are few and scattered previous
records from the Oriental region in Amambay,
Canindeyú, Central, Concepción and Itapúa
departments (Smith & Clay, in press.) (CT,
EW, SDR).
Plain Tyrannulet
Inezia inornata
(Tyrannidae)
(Fig. 29)
A previously unpublished male specimen (KU
129263) was collected on 31 October 1999 by
Krystof Zyskowski at Estancia Yacaré after its
vocalization was recorded [ML195476 - https://
macaulaylibrary.org/asset/195476]. Another
was photographed at Estancia Delno on 17
September 2021 (SDR). This is a breeding
northern migrant distributed in the Chaco re-
gion and very marginally on the east shore of
the Paraguay River in Central and Concepción
departments (Smith & Clay, in press.). (EW,
SDR, PS).
Bearded Tachuri
Polystictus pectoralis
(Tyrannidae)
(Fig. 30)
Photographed for the rst time on the Ruta
Villeta-Alberdi on 18 April 2021 (LD). Single
Opposite page: Figures 26-33. Birds of Ñeembucú [continued]. 26) White-eyed Parakeet Psittacara leucophthalmus,
Barrio San José, Pilar, 29 September 2020 (Photo: Cristian Torres). 27) Black-crowned Tityra Tityra inquisitor, Pilar
Military Base, 18 October 2020 (Photo: Cristian Torres). 28) White-naped Xenopsaris Xenopsaris albinucha, Estancia
Santa Ana, 12 July 2021 (Photo: Cristian Torres). 29) Plain Tyrannulet Inezia inornata, Estancia Delno, 21 December
2020 (Photo: Sergio D. Ríos). 30) Bearded Tachuri Polystictus pectoralis, Ruta Villeta-Alberdi, 18 April 2021 (Photo:
Luis Doldan). 31) Dinelli’s Doradito Pseudocolopteryx dinellianus, Humaitá, 16 October 2019 (Photo: Sergio D. Ríos).
32) Variegated Flycatcher Empidonomus varius, Pilar, 3 October 2020 (Photo: Cristian Torres). 33) Black-backed Water-
Tyrant Fluvicola albiventer, Pilar, 9 July 2021 (Photo: Emma Walker).
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non-breeding males perched on tall reeds on
the edge of a pond were then observed on 14
July 2021 at 15:55 and 03 August 2021 at 16:21
at Estancia Santa Ana (CT, EW). The species
is a resident and Neotropical winter migrant.
It has been previously reported from natural
grasslands in the Cerrado, Humid Chaco
and Mesopotamian Grassland ecoregions of
Amambay, Alto Paraná, Boquerón, Caazapá,
Canindeyú, Central, Concepción, Itapúa,
Paraguarí, Presidente Hayes and San Pedro
departments (Smith & Clay, in press.). This
is a globally Near Threatened and nationally
Vulnerable species. (CT, EW, LD).
Dinelli's Doradito
Pseudocolopteryx dinellianus
(Tyrannidae)
(Fig. 31)
An individual of this species was detected by its
distinctive call in a dense reedbed at Humaitá
and photographed on 16 October 2019 (SDR).
Earlier a bird had been mist-netted at Estancia
Santa Ana on 05 March 2018, which from the
moult pattern appeared to be part of an over-
summering population rather than an early
migrant (JD). All documented reports of this
species in Paraguay are from the Paraguay River
watershed (Smith & Clay, in press.). (JD, SDR).
Variegated Flycatcher
Empidonomus varius
(Tyrannidae)
(Fig. 32)
A frequent breeding northern migrant. The
species was documented photographically on
03 October 2020 in Pilar (CT). An undocu-
mented record from Colonia M. Domínguez by
Rafael Salcedo on 08 December 2020 (Ebird)
suggests a wider distribution in the department.
This is a common breeding northern migrant
in Paraguay and has been previously reported
from Amamabay, Alto Paraná, Alto Paraguay,
Canindeyú, Caazapá, Central, Concepción,
Guairá, Itapúa, Paraguarí, Presidente Hayes
and San Pedro departments (Smith & Clay, in
press.). (CT).
Black-backed Water-Tyrant
Fluvicola albiventer
(Tyrannidae)
(Fig. 33)
A regularly seen species in Ñeembucú, this
species was first photographed at Humaitá
on 13 September 2019 (SDR) and again on
a stream in the city of Pilar on 09 July 2021
(EW). This resident species is distributed
mainly in the Chaco and Paraguay River
basin, but is prone to wandering and of po-
tential occurrence anywhere in the country
(Smith & Clay, in press.). (GH, CT, EW,
SDR, PS).
Pale-breasted Thrush
Turdus leucomelas
(Turdidae)
(Fig. 34)
A common resident species observed in va-
rious habitats in Ñeembucú, including urban
environments, throughout the year. Photogra-
phic documentation was obtained on 23 June
2018 and the species is now known from all
departments in the Oriental region (Smith &
Clay, in press.). (CT, EW, SDR, PS).
Opposite page: Figures 34-41. Birds of Ñeembucú [continued]. 34) Pale-breasted Thrush Turdus leucomelas, Pilar,
23 June 2018 (Photo: Cristian Torres). 35) Giant Cowbird Molothrus oryzivorus, Tacuaras, 27 September 2020 (Photo:
Cristian Torres). 36) Yellow-winged Blackbird Agelasticus thilius, Estero Camba, 01 June 2018 (Photo: Óscar Rodríguez).
37) Glaucous-blue Grosbeak Cyanoloxia glaucocaerulea, Pilar Military Base. 15 August 2021 (Photo: Emma Walker).
38) Hooded Tanager Nemosia pileata, Estancia Santa Ana, 27 May 2018 (Photo: Jeremy Dickens). 39) Lined Seedeater
Sporophila lineola, Ñeembucú River, near the Pilar city bridge, 26 October 2020 (Photo: Cristian Torres). 40) Pearly-
bellied Seedeater Sporophila pileata, Pilar, 05 October 2018 (Photo: Ignasi Torre).41) Dark-throated Seedeater Sporophila
rucollis, Ruta IV, Pilar, 09 November 2020 (Photo: Cristian Torres).
Boletín del Museo nacional de Historia natural del Paraguay Vol. 26, Supl. A (aBril 2022) 19
The avifauna of the Paraguayan department of Ñeembucú
Boletín del Museo nacional de Historia natural del Paraguay Vol. 26, Supl. A (aBril 2022)
20
G. Hicks, J. Dickens, C. Torres, E. Walker, S.D. Ríos, L. Doldan, I. Torre, A.J. Lesterhuis, H. del Castillo, Ó. Rodríguez & P. Smith
Giant Cowbird
Molothrus oryzivorus
(Icteridae)
(Fig. 35)
Previous undocumented reports from Ce-
rrito on 07 February 2013 (GPBD) and 29
July 2021 (PS). Documentation was obtai-
ned when an individual was photographed
at Tacuaras close to the Palenque bridge
on 27 September 2020 (CT). This is a re-
sident species that has been recorded in all
departments in the Oriental region except
Guairá (though it undoubtedly occurs there).
(CT, PS).
Yellow-winged Blackbird
Agelasticus thilius
(Icteridae)
(Fig. 36)
Two reports, the first undocumented from
Estancia Santa Oliva (12-16 July 1997) by
Guyra Paraguay. The second is a photograph
of a flock of female-plumaged and juvenile
male birds at Estero Camba on 01 June 2018
(OR).
Glaucous-blue Grosbeak
Cyanoloxia glaucocaerulea
(Cardinalidae)
(Fig. 37)
An uncommon winter visitor to Paraguay.
The only record is of an adult male pho-
tographed at the Pilar Military Base on
15 August 2021 at 07:52. The species has
now been recorded in all departments in
the Oriental region, and marginally west
of the Paraguay River in Presidente Hayes
department (Smith & Clay, in press.). (CT,
EW).
Hooded Tanager
Nemosia pileata
(Thraupidae)
(Fig. 38)
Photographed at Estancia Santa Ana on
27 May 2018 (JD) and at Estancia Del-
fino on 21 December 2021 (SDR). The
species is a widespread resident across
all departments in the Oriental region,
and occurs marginally west of the Para-
guay River in Presidente Hayes and Alto
Paraguay departments (Smith & Clay, in
press.). (JD, SDR).
Lined Seedeater
Sporophila lineola
(Thraupidae)
(Fig. 39)
A single male photographed on the banks of the
near the Pilar Costanera (coastal promenade) on
26 October 2020 (CT). This is a common see-
deater in the Chaco and Paraguay River basin,
and its presence in Ñeembucú was expected
(Smith & Clay, in press.). (CT).
Pearly-bellied Seedeater
Sporophila pileata
(Thraupidae)
(Fig. 40)
One male individual photographed at Pilar on
05 October 2018 (IT). This is a common bre-
eding northern migrant associated with natural
grasslands. There are records from most de-
partments in the Oriental region, and scattered
records from all three Chaco departments which
are probably migrating or wandering birds
(Smith & Clay, in press.). (IT).
Dark-throated Seedeater
Sporophila rucollis
(Thraupidae)
(Fig. 41)
The rst documented record is a male photo-
graphed about 10 km east of Pilar on Ruta IV
on 09 November 2020 (CT). There is also an
undocumented report on ebird of a sighting
of this species on 22 January 2021 at Estancia
San Solano by Matias Martínez (Ebird). This
Neotropical passage migrant is considered Near
Threatened at both the global and national level
Boletín del Museo nacional de Historia natural del Paraguay Vol. 26, Supl. A (aBril 2022) 21
The avifauna of the Paraguayan department of Ñeembucú
and has been previously reported from Alto
Paraná, Alto Paraguay, Boquerón, Canindeyú,
Caazapá, Central, Concepción, Cordillera,
Itapúa, Misiones, Paraguarí, Presidente Hayes
and San Pedro departments (Smith & Clay, in
press.). (CT).
Iberá Seedeater
Sporophila iberaensis
(Thraupidae)
(Fig. 42)
One individual was recorded in grassland habitat
on a property in Itá Corá, on 25 January 2021,
at 08:13 (CT). This is a newly described species
(Di Giacomo & Kopuchianm 2016) that is en-
demic to central South America and considered
Endangered globally and Vulnerable nationally.
The distribution and status of this breeding
northern migrant in Paraguay was reviewed by
Galluppi-Selich et al. (2018), and breeding in
Ñeembucú department seems likely. There are
previous Paraguayan records from Cordillera,
Itapúa, Misiones, Presidente Hayes and San
Pedro departments, and presence at least in
Central and Paraguarí seems probable (Smith
& Clay, in press.). (CT).
Golden-billed Saltator
Saltator aurantiirostris
(Thraupidae)
(Fig. 43)
There is an undocumented report of the species
from Estancia Santa Oliva in mid-July 1997
(GPBD). The first documentation is a bird
Figures 42-43. Birds of Ñeembucú [end]. 42) Iberá Seedeater Sporophila iberaensis, Itá Corá, 25 January 2021 (Photo:
Cristian Torres). 43) Golden-billed Saltator Saltator aurantiirostris, Puerto Elisa, Desmochados, 02 December 2020
(Photo: Cristian Torres). 44) Chaco Warbling-Finch Microspingus pectoralis, Pilar Military Base, 09 June 2020 (Photo:
Cristian Torres). 45) Blue-and-Yellow Tanager Rauenia bonariensis, Pilar Military Base, 16 September 2021 (Photo:
Emma Walker).
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22
G. Hicks, J. Dickens, C. Torres, E. Walker, S.D. Ríos, L. Doldan, I. Torre, A.J. Lesterhuis, H. del Castillo, Ó. Rodríguez & P. Smith
photographed at Estancia Puerto Eliza, Desmo-
chados on 23 June 2020 and 02 December 2020
(CT). This species is a fairly common resident
in the Dry Chaco, but has been reported only
marginally in the Oriental region in Central,
Paraguarí and San Pedro departments (Smith
& Clay, in press.). (CT).
Chaco Warbling-Finch
Microspingus pectoralis
(Thraupidae)
(Fig. 44)
Two documented records of this Neotropical
winter migrant. The rst was at the Pilar Mi-
litary Base on 09 June 2020 (CT) and another
was photographed in the urban area of Villa
Franca on 4 July 2020 (SDR). This species is
mainly distributed in the Chaco region, and the
only previous reports from east of the Paraguay
River are from Central department (del Castillo,
2014) (CT, SDR)
Blue-and-Yellow Tanager
Rauenia bonariensis
(Thraupidae)
(Fig. 45)
Several individuals observed and photographed
at the Pilar Military Base on 16 September 2021
(EW, SDR, PS). This may have been associated
with a migratory movement. The species is
widespread in Paraguay, but its status is poorly
understood, with some populations apparently
resident, and others perhaps longitudinal mi-
grants. There are previous reports from Alto
Paraná, Alto Paraguay, Boquerón, Caazapá,
Canindeyú, Central, Cordillera, Guairá, Itapúa,
Misiones and Presidente Hayes (Smith & Clay,
in press).
Published species which we consider require
further documentation
The following species have been reported as
present in Ñeembucú in the published litera-
ture (excluding those featuring exclusively as
mapped points in Guyra Paraguay 2005), but
no supporting evidence was provided to con-
rm the identication and there have been no
subsequent reports.
Comb Duck
Sarkidiornis melanotos
(Anatidae)
Eight birds were reported for Ñeembucu on
12 July 2005 during the CNAA, of which ve
were seen along the Paraguay River at Pilar and
three at Estancia Redondo (López & Clay, 2006,
Wetlands International, 2021).
Spectacled Owl
Pulsatrix perspicillata
(Strigidae)
Reported for Laguna Gadea, Ñeembucú in
September 1998 in a review of the species distri-
bution (Ramírez-Llorens & Bellocq, 2007), ac-
cording to J. R. Contreras (pers. comm.). Whilst
we consider this to be entirely plausible, as the
species is present in all of the neighbouring de-
partments, there is no documentation available
and there have been no additional reports.
Blue-and-yellow Macaw
Ara ararauna
(Psittacidae)
Under the synonym Ara caninde, Zotta (1937)
listed three localities for the species in Para-
guay – Villa Franca, Desmochados, Guzu-Cua
(=Guazú Cuá) – all of which are in Ñeembucú
department. However, the source of these re-
ports remains a mystery and there have been
no additional reports of the species in the
department (Rodríguez et al., 2019). As this
is a loud, colourful and distinctive species, we
await further documentation of its continued
presence.
Snowy-crowned Tern
Sterna trudeaui
(Laridae)
Contreras & Contreras (1922) listed three
undocumented sight records of this species
Boletín del Museo nacional de Historia natural del Paraguay Vol. 26, Supl. A (aBril 2022) 23
The avifauna of the Paraguayan department of Ñeembucú
along the Paraguay River, two of which were
in Ñeembucú department, at Puerto Nuevo
de Pilar (ÑEE) on 10 January 1992 and at
least ten during a river cruise between Pilar
and Naranjito (ÑEE) on 17 September 1992.
The species is known to occur occasionally in
the neighbouring Argentine provinces of For-
mosa (Contreras et al., 2014) and Corrientes
(Di Giacomo & Krapovickas, 2005), and it
seems inevitable that occasional presence as
a vagrant in Ñeembucú (and thus Paraguay)
will eventually be conrmed. However, do-
cumentation is required for acceptance (Clay
et al., 2017).
Royal Tern
Thalasseus maximus
(Laridae)
Reported for Pilar by Contreras (1992) from
close to the banks of the Arroyo Ñeembucú
on 10 September 1992. The author provides
no details, though the species has been pre-
viously reported from Corrientes Province,
Argentina (Esteban, 1953, Clay et al.,
2017). Given the propensity for wandering
by terns and the proximity of the previous
record, this may be a good record, but proper
documentation is required before it can be
accepted.
Brown-hooded Gull
Chroicocephalus maculipennis
(Laridae)
Contreras et al. (2014) mention an undocumen-
ted report of the species ying over swamps
and lagoons at Paso Lengá on 13 January 1992.
This is an extremely rare species in Paraguay
with all previous reports from more than a cen-
tury ago (Azara, 1805, Bertoni, 1919, Storer,
1989, Clay et al., 2017). Although this report
may be reliable, the lack of subsequent records
or veriable documentation of the species in
the department means it must be treated as
hypothetical.
Amethyst Woodstar
Calliphlox amethystina
(Trochilidae)
Contreras et al. (2014) state that the species
was observed in a small, forested stretch of the
Arroyo Ñeembucú east of Pilar on 17 February
1994, however there are no details provided to
support the identication. This is an uncommon
species in Paraguay, but it is known to wander
widely. The report may be credible, but there
have been no further records and the species is
pending documentation.
White-throated Hummingbird
Leucochloris albicollis
(Trochilidae)
Contreras et al. (2014) mention several sightings
of the species in Pilar with periods of absence in
between, however no description was provided.
This species is a known wanderer, with nume-
rous records from widely spaced localities in all
habitats in Paraguay. Presence in Ñeembucú,
albeit occasionally, seems inevitable, however
the reports are insuciently documented for
acceptance at this stage.
Yellow-breasted Crake
Hapalocrex aviventer
(Rallidae)
Contreras et al. (2014) mention a report from
Isla Hû in the swamps of the Arroyo Montuoso,
17 km north-west of Pilar. However, no date
or documentation is available for this record.
The existence of this species in the Ñeembucú
Wetland Complex would seem inevitable, but
documentation is lacking.
Freckle-breasted Thornbird
Phacellodomus striaticollis
(Furnariidae)
Mapped for Paraguay by Guyra Paraguay
(2005) and accepted onto the Paraguay list
by del Castillo (2013) on the basis of a pho-
tograph and recording of the species from
close to Pilar on 07 June 1991. However, the
Boletín del Museo nacional de Historia natural del Paraguay Vol. 26, Supl. A (aBril 2022)
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G. Hicks, J. Dickens, C. Torres, E. Walker, S.D. Ríos, L. Doldan, I. Torre, A.J. Lesterhuis, H. del Castillo, Ó. Rodríguez & P. Smith
authors of those publications did not see the
photograph or recording, and we have been
unable to track either down. Records of the
species in Formosa Province, Argentina geo-
graphically close to the Paraguayan records
suggest that this report is probably reliable,
but in the absence of any confirmation and
this being the only Paraguayan report of
the species, caution is warranted and so we
consider it hypothetical.
Species records published solely as a map
point in Guyra Paraguay (2005) with no
documentation and known from <3 reports
in Ñeembucú
The supporting data of the records for the map points
presented in Guyra Paraguay (2005) is provided here
for 6 species from the GPBD. The majority of these
records are likely reliable, but they are based on <3
undocumented sight records and are thus conside-
red pending documentation. Records marked * are
considered suspect.
• Plumbeous Rail Pardirallus san-
guinolentus (Rallidae): Estancia
Santa Oliva, 12-16 July 1997; Guazú
Cuá, 08-09 September 2001. Guyra
Paraguay.
• Stripe-backed Bittern Ixobrychus
involucris (Ardeidae): Estancia
Santa Oliva, 12-16 July 1997. Guyra
Paraguay.
• Yellow-chevroned Parakeet Broto-
geris chiriri (Psittacidae): Estancia
Yacaré, 18-19 March 2000. Guyra
Paraguay.
• Social Flycatcher Myiozetetes simi-
lis (Tyrannidae): Laureles, 1 Decem-
ber 2016.
• Red-rumped Cacique Cacicus
haemorrhous (Icteridae): Estancia
Yacaré, 18-19 March 2000. Guyra
Paraguay.
• *Swallow Tanager Tersina viridis
(Thraupidae): Based on a specimen
(FMNH 69159) collected in Decem-
ber 1927 at “Cerro Perron, Tebicuary
river”. We were unable to nd any
locality with that name, and it is not
clear that it was collected in Ñeembu-
cú as the river passes through various
departments.
Undocumented, unpublished reports which
we consider require further documentation
The following species are known from <3
undocumented and unpublished reports in
Ñeembucú, either on the ebird platform or in
the GPBD. No supporting evidence is provi-
ded and they do not appear in the published
literature on the departmental avifauna. We
consider that several of these records are
plausible, but in many cases confusion spe-
cies exist. Taking a conservative approach,
records that we suspect could involve an
error of identication, or for which potential
confusion species are already documented in
the department are marked with *. Documen-
tation is required for all of these species for
acceptance.
• Dark-billed Cuckoo Coccyzus mel-
acoryphus (Cuculidae): Estancia San
Solano, 13-14 November 2011, Hugo
del Castillo; Cerrito, 24 November
2011, Hugo del Castillo; Estancia
Santa Ana, 9 February 2021, Crisan
Torres; Pilar Military Base, 17 Decem-
ber 2021, Sergio D. Ríos, Paul Smith.
• Rufous Nightjar Antrostomus rufus
(Caprimulgidae): Cerrito, 24 Novem-
ber 2011. Hugo del Castillo.
• White-tailed Goldenthroat Polyt-
mus guainumbi (Trochilidae): Pilar
Military Base, 24 January 2018. Fun-
dación Para La Tierra.
• *Slaty-breasted Wood-Rail Ara-
mides saracura (Rallidae): Riacho
Piriri, 20 February 2019, Bruno
Bareiro, Ebird. Often confused
Boletín del Museo nacional de Historia natural del Paraguay Vol. 26, Supl. A (aBril 2022) 25
The avifauna of the Paraguayan department of Ñeembucú
with Grey-cowled Wood-Rail A.
cajaneus. This record would be
well to the west of all previous re-
ports of this species (Smith & del
Castillo 2021), and from an area
ecologically more consistent with
A. cajaneus.
• *Green Ibis Mesembrinibis ca-
yennensis (Threskiornithidae):
Estancia Santa Ana, 23 February
2019. Margaret Wohler, 4 indivi-
duals, Ebird. The species seems
certain to occur in gallery forests
in the Ñeembucú Wetland Complex,
however several previous claims of
Green Ibis have been conrmed to
refer to non-breeding or juvenile
White-faced Ibis Plegadis chihi,
thus caution is warranted with
undocumented reports, especially
considering the number of indivi-
duals claimed.
• White-tailed Kite Elanus leucurus
(Accipitridae): Guazú Cuá, 08-09
September 2001, Guyra Paraguay;
Road to Laureles, 01 December 2016,
Guyra Paraguay.
• Pearl Kite Gampsonyx swainsonii
(Accipitridae): Pilar Military Base
(-26.848, -58.302), 22 December
2020. Matias Martínez, Ebird.
• Mississippi Kite Ictinia mississip-
piensis (Accipitridae): Laguna Sisi,
13 February 2006, Guyra Paraguay;
Paso de Patria, 2 February 2017, Ós-
car Rodríguez, 15 individuals.
• *Swainson's Hawk Buteo swain-
soni (Accipitridae): Riacho Piriri,
20 February 2019. Bruno Bareiro,
3 individuals. Ebird. No description
provided. The species likely migrates
through Ñeembucú in small numbers,
but this is an uncommon and easily
confused species and documentation
is desirable.
• Short-eared Owl Asio flammeus
(Strigidae): Estancia Santa Oliva, 12
July 1997. Guyra Paraguay; Ruta 4
Transect Point 4, 21 February 2018.
Fundación Para La Tierra.
• Lineated Woodpecker Dryocopus
lineatus (Picidae): Estancia Santa
Oliva, 12 July 1997. Guyra Paraguay;
Estancia Santa Ana, Transect 1 Point
13, 25 January 2018. Fundación Para
La Tierra.
• *White-throated Woodcreeper
Xiphocolaptes albicollis (Furnarii-
dae): Estancia Santa Oliva, 12 July
1997. Guyra Paraguay. A species typi-
cally associated with the Atlantic Fo-
rest ecoregion. The species may occur
in remnants of humid forest, however
we note that visually confusion is
possible with Planalto Woodcreeper
Dendrocolaptes platyrostris and
vocally it is similar to Great Rufous
Woodcreeper Xiphocolaptes major,
both of which are known to occur in
the department. Caution is warranted
until documentation is available.
• Bay-capped Wren-Spinetail Spar-
tonoica maluroides (Furnariidae):
Estancia San Solano, 05 June 2004.
Guyra Paraguay; Ruta Alberdi-Pilar,
19 July 2020. Luis Doldán.
• *Spix’s Spinetail Synallaxis spixi
(Furnariidae): Estancia Santa Oli-
va, 12 July 1997. Guyra Paraguay.
A species of open scrubby habitats
which seems very likely to occur in
the department. However, Synallaxis
spinetails are difficult to identify
by sight (several confusion species
exist), whilst the suprising nding
of a population of the vocally and
visually similar Cinereous-breasted
Spinetail S. hypospodia in a neigh-
Boletín del Museo nacional de Historia natural del Paraguay Vol. 26, Supl. A (aBril 2022)
26
G. Hicks, J. Dickens, C. Torres, E. Walker, S.D. Ríos, L. Doldan, I. Torre, A.J. Lesterhuis, H. del Castillo, Ó. Rodríguez & P. Smith
bouring department not too far distant
from this report suggests that it would
be prudent to document this species in
Ñeembucú before acceptance.
• Sepia-capped Flycatcher Leptopo-
gon amaurocephalus (Tyrannidae):
Laguna Sisi, 04 June 2004, Arne J
Lesterhuis; Zanjita, 23 September
2016. José Méndez, Ebird.
• Greenish Elaenia Myiopagis viridi-
cata (Tyrannidae): Estancia Delno,
21 December 2020, Sergio D. Ríos,
Paul Smith.
• *Drab-breasted Bamboo-Tyrant
Hemitriccus diops (Tyrannidae):
Estancia Santa Oliva, 12 July 1997.
Guyra Paraguay. This is considered
by Guyra Paraguay to be a possible
error, as the abundant Pearly-vented
Tody-Tyrant Hemitriccus margari-
taceiventer was not listed for this
locality by the observers.
• *Subtropical Doradito Pseudoco-
lopteryx acutipennis (Tyrannidae):
Puente Palenque, Tacuaras, 17 Oc-
tober 2020. Jorge Ayala, Ebird. The
identication of doraditos Pseudo-
colopteryx is complex (Smith et al.
2014) and, though this species seems
certain to occur in Ñeembucú, a do-
cumented record is required for ac-
ceptance to rule out misidentication.
• Chestnut-bellied Seednch Sporo-
phila angolensis (Thraupidae): Gua-
zú Cuá Transect 9 Point 5, 10 March
2018. Grace Pan, Ebird.
• Burnished-Bu Tanager Stilpnia
cayana (Thraupidae): Pilar, 13 July
2005. Charley Hesse, Ebird.
• *Guira Tanager Hemithraupis
guira (Thraupidae): “Ñeembucú”,
18 March 2014. Rafael Berlanga,
Ebird. A species of likely occurrence
in Ñeembucú, but the lack of a con-
crete locality, and potential confusion
of the department with the Ñeembucú
ecoregion (which covers a larger
geographic area), introduces doubt.
• Black-and-rufous Warbling-Finch
Poospiza nigrorufa (Thraupidae):
Estancia Santa Ana, 20 June 2021,
CRisan Torres, Emma Walker.
• Dull-coloured Grassquit Asemospiza
obscura (Thraupidae): Villa Franca,
04 July 2020, Sergio D. Ríos, Óscar
Rodríguez.
Discussion
We conclude that 330 species can be consi-
dered documented as present in Ñeembucú
department. A further 39 species have been
associated with the department, but lack formal
documentation. Whilst there are clear problems
with some of the claimed records, many of these
reports are likely correct but should be consi-
dered “pending documentation” to distinguish
them from species which are conrmed to occur.
Signicant collections of birds from Ñe-
embucú are held at the Colección Zoológica
de Para La Tierra (CZPLT), Pilar, Paraguay
(reviewed by Smith et al., 2021), the Geneva
Natural History Museum (MHNG), Switzer-
land (reviewed by Vallotton & Smith, 2021),
the Natural History Museum (NHM), London
(published by Grant, 1911a-c) and the Kansas
University Museum (KU), Kansas (unpublished
but catalogue available at vert-net.org). We note
that these collections are a valuable, but much
under-used resource, and they have been con-
sistently overlooked in the published literature
(Smith et al., 2021, Vallotton & Smith, 2021).
These museums hold voucher specimens of
177 species from the department, comprising
53.64% of the avifauna.
As a nal note we remind readers that science
is by denition replicable, and “citizen science”
can only be considered real science when its
results can be replicated by other researchers.
There is a general lack of awareness amongst
Boletín del Museo nacional de Historia natural del Paraguay Vol. 26, Supl. A (aBril 2022) 27
The avifauna of the Paraguayan department of Ñeembucú
users of online portals of the importance of
documenting records whenever possible, the
additional time taken to upload photographs or
recordings as data being seen as an unnecessary
and time-consuming step. However, doing so
greatly increases the utility of the data for those
scientists who require corroborated records for
their research. We urge users of the eBird plat-
form to support local researchers and to greatly
increase the scientic utility of their checklists
by uploading corroborating evidence of their
observations, even (and perhaps especially) for
what might be considered common species.
Acknowledgements
This paper is dedicated to Julio and Andrés
Contreras and Yolanda E. Davies who made it
possible with their pioneering studies in Ñeem-
bucú department. PS and SDR are grateful to the
Pronii program of CONACyT Paraguay. Para La
Tierra thanks Don Barrios and the Paraguayan
Military for continued permission to conduct
research at Estancia Santa Ana and the Pilar
Military Base. We are grateful to Wilfrido Sosa
for providing information about the MNHNP
collection. We would also like to thank Mark
Pearman for his information on Grey-fronted
Dove in Argentina. Lastly, thank you to Fran-
ces O’Leary for kindly providing the map of
localities.
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la Conservación. 99 pp.
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Appendix 1
In the following pages we give a checklist of the birds of Ñeembucú with sources for specic
records. Note that the biogeographic region of Ñeembucú sensu Hayes (1995) covers a wider
geographical area than just the department itself, and reference below to that publication is to
specic departmental records cited in the distributional notes section. Species marked with a * are
those for which Ñeembucú voucher specimens exist in CZPLT (examined), MHNG (examined),
MNHNPy, NHM or KU. Species marked i are those for which a documentation photograph or
recording that we have examined is available from Ñeembucú on an online platform or database
(ebird, MacCauley Library, FAUNA Paraguay, iNaturalist, VIREO, Xeno-canto). Records accepted
on the basis of a single published report and for which documentation is unavailable, but there are
multiple observations (>3) by multiple reliable observers are marked M. Records based on multi-
ple observations (>3) in the Guyra Paraguay Diversity Database (GPBD) are marked G. Data for
abundance is given for the Ñeembucú ecoregion (larger than the department) by Guyra Paraguay
(2004) and is reproduced here with codes as follows: A – Abundant; C – Common; F – Fairly
Common; U – Uncommon; S – Scarce; R- Rare; Hi – Hypothetical; M – Of marginal occurrence;
h – Historical record. Though slightly outdated now this still represents the most recent systematic
attempt to assess bird populations in the region that is available. Details of records for species in the
database that were included in the departmental avifauna post the publication of Guyra Paraguay
(2005), and those for which the only available published report is Guyra Paraguay (2005) (with
no additional documentation) are provided.
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G. Hicks, J. Dickens, C. Torres, E. Walker, S.D. Ríos, L. Doldan, I. Torre, A.J. Lesterhuis, H. del Castillo, Ó. Rodríguez & P. Smith
RHEIDAE
1 GiGreater Rhea Rhea americana
Guyra Paraguay (2004: U); Guyra Paraguay (2005)
TINAMIDAE
2 *Undulated Tinamou Crypturellus undulatus
Grant (1911c)
3 G*iTataupa Tinamou Crypturellus tataupa
Guyra Paraguay (2004: U); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Smith
et al. (2021)
4 G*iRed-winged Tinamou Rhynchotus rufescens
Guyra Paraguay (2004: F); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Smith
et al. (2021)
5 G*iSpotted Nothura Nothura maculosa
Guyra Paraguay (2004: C); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Smith
et al. (2021)
ANHIMIDAE
6 GiSouthern Screamer Chauna torquata
Guyra Paraguay (2004: U); Guyra Paraguay (2005); CNAA
(2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2013)
ANATIDAE
7 *Fulvous Whistling-Duck Dendrocygna bicolor
Grant (1911b); Guyra Paraguay (2004: R)
8 GiWhite-faced Whistling-Duck Dendrocygna viduata
Guyra Paraguay (2004: U); Guyra Paraguay (2005); CNAA
(2004, 2006)
9 GiBlack-bellied Whistling-Duck Dendrocygna autumnalis
Guyra Paraguay (2004: R); Guyra Paraguay (2005); CNAA
(2005, 2006)
10 GMMuscovy Duck Cairina moschata
Guyra Paraguay (2004: S); Guyra Paraguay (2005); CNAA
(2005, 2006)
GPBD: Estancia San Solano (July 1997); Guazú Cuá (8-9
September 2001); Estancia Yvera (3-4 May 2003, 25-26
February 2009); Estancia Kambushi (7-9 July 2004);
Estancia Salvese Quien Pueda (4-5 September 2004);
Estancia Redondo (29 October 2004)
11 GiRinged Teal Callonetta leucophrys
Guyra Paraguay (2004: Hi); Guyra Paraguay (2005); CNAA
(2004)
12 G*iBrazilian Teal Amazonetta brasiliensis
Guyra Paraguay (2004: C); Guyra Paraguay (2005); CNAA
(2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2013)
Boletín del Museo nacional de Historia natural del Paraguay Vol. 26, Supl. A (aBril 2022) 33
The avifauna of the Paraguayan department of Ñeembucú
13 GiSilver Teal Spatula versicolor
Guyra Paraguay (2004: S); Guyra Paraguay (2005); CNAA
(2004, 2005)
14 GMRed Shoveler Spatula platalea
Lesterhuis et al. (2005); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Contreras
et al. (2014); CNAA (2004)
GPBD: Laguna Itá (7-9 June 2004)
15 GMWhite-cheeked Pintail Anas bahamensis
Guyra Paraguay (2005); CNAA (2004)
GPBD: Laguna Itá (7-9 June 2004)
16 Yellow-billed Pintail Anas georgica
This publication.
17 GMRosy-billed Pochard Netta peposaca
Guyra Paraguay (2004: R); Guyra Paraguay (2005); CNAA
(2004)
GPBD: Laguna Sisi (4 June 2004); Cerrito (5-6 June 2004);
Laguna Itá (7-9 June 2004); Estancia Kambushi (7-9
July 2004); Estancia Redondo (31 July-2 August 2004)
18 GMBlack-headed Duck Heteronetta atricapilla
López (1986); Lesterhuis et al. (2005); Guyra Paraguay
(2005); Contreras et al. (2014); CNAA (2004, 2005)
19 iMasked Duck Nomonyx dominicus
Bertoni (1939); Guyra Paraguay (2004: R); CNAA (2005)
CRACIDAE
20 GDusky-legged Guan Penelope obscura
Acevedo et al. (1990); Clay (2001); Guyra Paraguay (2004:
Hi); Guyra Paraguay (2005)
21 GiChaco Chachalaca Ortalis canicollis
Contreras & Acevedo (1997); Clay (2001); Guyra Paraguay
(2004: M); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Guyra Paraguay
(2008)
PODICIPEDIDAE
22 GiWhite-tufted Grebe Rollandia rolland
Guyra Paraguay (2004: R); Guyra Paraguay (2005); CNAA
(2004)
23 MLeast Grebe Tachybaptus dominicus
CNAA (2009)
24 GiPied-billed Grebe Podilymbus podiceps
Guyra Paraguay (2004: R); Guyra Paraguay (2005); CNAA
(2004, 2005)
25 GMGreat Grebe Podiceps major
Contreras et al. (1992); Hayes (1995); Guyra Paraguay
(2004: R); Guyra Paraguay (2005)
Boletín del Museo nacional de Historia natural del Paraguay Vol. 26, Supl. A (aBril 2022)
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G. Hicks, J. Dickens, C. Torres, E. Walker, S.D. Ríos, L. Doldan, I. Torre, A.J. Lesterhuis, H. del Castillo, Ó. Rodríguez & P. Smith
COLUMBIDAE
26 GiRock Pigeon Columba livia
Guyra Paraguay (2004: C); Guyra Paraguay (2005)
27 GMPale-vented Pigeon Patagioenas cayennensis
Guyra Paraguay (2004: U); Guyra Paraguay (2005)
GPBD: Estancia Yacaré (7-8 August 2000)
28 G*iPicazuro Pigeon Patagioenas picazuro
Grant (1911c); Guyra Paraguay (2004: A); Guyra Paraguay
(2005); Smith et al. (2021)
29 G*iWhite-tipped Dove Leptotila verreauxi
Guyra Paraguay (2004: F); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Smith
et al. (2021)
30 Grey-fronted Dove Leptotila rufaxilla
Guyra Paraguay (2004: R); This publication.
31 GiEared Dove Zenaida auriculata
Guyra Paraguay (2004: A); Guyra Paraguay (2005)
32 G*iRuddy Ground-Dove Columbina talpacoti
Guyra Paraguay (2004: C); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Smith
et al. (2021); Vallotton & Smith (2021)
33 iScaled Dove Columbina squammata
This publication
34 G*iPicui Ground-Dove Columbina picui
Guyra Paraguay (2004: C); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Smith
et al. (2021); Vallotton & Smith (2021)
CUCULIDAE
35 G*iGuira Cuckoo Guira guira
Guyra Paraguay (2004: A); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Smith
et al. (2021)
36 GiGreater Ani Crotophaga major
Grant (1911b); Guyra Paraguay (2004: U)
37 GiSmooth-billed Ani Crotophaga ani
Guyra Paraguay (2004: A); Guyra Paraguay (2005)
38 G*iStriped Cuckoo Tapera naevia
Guyra Paraguay (2004: U); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Smith
et al. (2021)
39 iPheasant Cuckoo Dromococcyx phasianellus
A. O. Contreras (1993); Hayes (1995); Guyra Paraguay (2004:
S); Contreras et al. (2014)
40 G*Ash-coloured Cuckoo Coccycua cinerea
Hayes (1995); Guyra Paraguay (2004: R); Guyra Paraguay
(2005); Smith et al. (2021)
41 G*iSquirrel Cuckoo Piaya cayana
Grant (1911b); Guyra Paraguay (2004: U); Guyra Paraguay
(2005); Contreras et al. (2014)
Boletín del Museo nacional de Historia natural del Paraguay Vol. 26, Supl. A (aBril 2022) 35
The avifauna of the Paraguayan department of Ñeembucú
42 *Yellow-billed Cuckoo Coccyzus americanus
Guyra Paraguay (2004: R); Contreras et al. (2014)
NYCTIBIIDAE
43 GMCommon Potoo Nyctibius griseus
Guyra Paraguay (2004: S); Guyra Paraguay (2005)
CAPRIMULGIDAE
44 G*iNacunda Nighthawk Chordeiles nacunda
Guyra Paraguay (2004: U); Guyra Paraguay (2005)
45 *iCommon Nighthawk Chordeiles minor
Guyra Paraguay (2004: R); Smith et al. (2021)
46 GiCommon Pauraque Nyctidromus albicollis [derbyanus]
Guyra Paraguay (2004: U); Smith et al. (2021)
47 G*iLittle Nightjar Setopagis parvula
Teta & Contreras (2003); Guyra Paraguay (2004: F); Guyra
Paraguay (2005); Smith et al. (2021); Vallotton &
Smith (2021)
48 G*iScissor-tailed Nightjar Hydropsalis torquata
Guyra Paraguay (2004: S); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Smith
et al. (2021)
APODIDAE
49 iSick's Swift Chaetura meridionalis
Guyra Paraguay (2004: R); This publication
TROCHILIDAE
50 GMBlack-throated Mango Anthracothorax nigricollis
Contreras (1992); Guyra Paraguay (2004: S); Guyra Pa-
raguay (2005)
51 G*iBlue-tufted Starthroat Heliomaster furcifer
Guyra Paraguay (2004: S); Smith et al. (2021)
52 G*iGlittering-bellied Emerald Chlorostilbon lucidus
Grant (1911b); Guyra Paraguay (2004: U); Guyra Paraguay
(2005); Contreras et al. (2014)
53 iSwallow-tailed Hummingbird Eupetomena macroura
This publication
54 G*iGilded Hummingbird Hylocharis chrysura
Guyra Paraguay (2004: C); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Smith
et al. (2021); Vallotton & Smith (2021)
ARAMIDAE
55 GiLimpkin Aramus guarauna
Guyra Paraguay (2004: C); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Lester-
huis et al. (2007); Smith & Ríos (2017); CNAA (2005,
Boletín del Museo nacional de Historia natural del Paraguay Vol. 26, Supl. A (aBril 2022)
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G. Hicks, J. Dickens, C. Torres, E. Walker, S.D. Ríos, L. Doldan, I. Torre, A.J. Lesterhuis, H. del Castillo, Ó. Rodríguez & P. Smith
2006, 2007, 2009, 2013)
RALLIDAE
56 G*iPurple Gallinule Porphyrio martinica
Guyra Paraguay (2004: S); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Smith
et al. (2021); CNAA (2006, 2009)
57 Azure Gallinule Porphyrio avirostris
Guyra Paraguay (2004: R); This publication
58 G*iRufous-sided Crake Laterallus melanophaius
Guyra Paraguay (2004: S); Guyra Paraguay (2005)
59 *Grey-breasted Crake Laterallus exilis
Contreras & Contreras (1994); Guyra Paraguay (2004: S);
Contreras et al. (2014); Smith et al. (2021)
60 G*iAsh-throated Crake Mustelirallus albicollis
Guyra Paraguay (2004: F); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Smith
et al. (2021); CNAA (2006)
61 G*iSpotted Rail Pardirallus maculatus
Guyra Paraguay (2004: R); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Con-
treras et al. (2014); Smith et al. (2021)
62 G*iGiant Wood-Rail Aramides ypecaha
Guyra Paraguay (2004: C); Guyra Paraguay (2005); CNAA
(2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2013)
63 GiGrey-cowled Wood-Rail Aramides cajaneus
Guyra Paraguay (2004: S); Guyra Paraguay (2005)
64 GMSpot-anked Gallinule Porphyriops melanops
Podtiaguin (1945)?; Hayes (1995); Guyra Paraguay (2004:
Hi); Guyra Paraguay (2005); CNAA (2004)
65 GiCommon Gallinule Gallinula galeata
Guyra Paraguay (2004: S); Guyra Paraguay (2005); CNAA
(2004, 2005)
66 GMWhite-winged Coot Fulica leucoptera
Guyra Paraguay (2004: S); Guyra Paraguay (2005); CNAA
(2004)
CHARADRIIDAE
67 *American Golden-Plover Pluvialis dominica
Guyra Paraguay (2004: R); Contreras et al. (2014); Smith
et al. (2021)
68 G*iSouthern Lapwing Vanellus chilensis
López (1993); Guyra Paraguay (2004: A); Guyra Paraguay
(2005); Lesterhuis et al. (2007); Smith et al. (2021);
CNAA (2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2013)
69 GiCollared Plover Charadrius collaris
Guyra Paraguay (2004: U); This publication
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The avifauna of the Paraguayan department of Ñeembucú
RECURVIROSTRIDAE
70 GiBlack-necked Stilt Himantopus mexicanus [melanurus]
Guyra Paraguay (2004: U); Guyra Paraguay (2005); CNAA
(2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2013)
SCOLOPACIDAE
71 *Upland Sandpiper Bartramia longicauda
Guyra Paraguay (2004: S); This publication
72 MHudsonian Godwit Limosa haemastica
Contreras et al. (2014)
73 *iWhite-rumped Sandpiper Calidris fuscicollis
Guyra Paraguay (2004: R); This publication
74 Baird's Sandpiper Calidris bairdii
Guyra Paraguay (2004: R); This publication
75 *Bu-breasted Sandpiper Calidris subrucollis
Contreras & Contreras (1994); Smith et al. (2021)
76 GiPectoral Sandpiper Calidris melanotos
Guyra Paraguay (2004: S); Guyra Paraguay (2005); CNAA
(2005, 2006, 2009)
77 G*iSouth American Snipe Gallinago paraguaiae
Guyra Paraguay (2004: F); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Le-
sterhuis & Centrón (2007); Guyra Paraguay (2008);
CNAA (2005, 2006, 2007, 2013)
78 Wilson's Phalarope Phalaropus tricolor
This publication
79 GiSpotted Sandpiper Actitis macularius
Guyra Paraguay (2004: Hi); This publication.
80 GiSolitary Sandpiper Tringa solitaria
Guyra Paraguay (2004: U); This publication; CNAA (2004,
2005, 2006)
81 iGreater Yellowlegs Tringa melanoleuca
Guyra Paraguay (2004: S); This publication
82 GiLesser Yellowlegs Tringa avipes
Guyra Paraguay (2004: S); This publication; CNAA (2006)
JACANIDAE
83 G*iWattled Jacana Jacana jacana
Grant (1911c); López (1993); Guyra Paraguay (2004:
A); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Lesterhuis et al. (2007);
CNAA (2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2013)
ROSTRATULIDAE
84 GiSouth American Painted-Snipe Nycticryphes semicollaris
Contreras & Contreras (1992); López (1993); Hayes (1995);
Guyra Paraguay (2004: R); Contreras et al. (2014)
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G. Hicks, J. Dickens, C. Torres, E. Walker, S.D. Ríos, L. Doldan, I. Torre, A.J. Lesterhuis, H. del Castillo, Ó. Rodríguez & P. Smith
RYNCHOPIDAE
85 GiBlack Skimmer Rynchops niger
Contreras & Contreras (1994); Guyra Paraguay (2004: S);
Guyra Paraguay (2005); CNAA (2004, 2006)
LARIDAE
86 MGrey-headed Gull Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus
Guyra Paraguay (2004: Hi); Contreras et al. (2014)
87 GiYellow-billed Tern Sternula superciliaris
Contreras & Contreras (1994); Guyra Paraguay (2004: U);
Guyra Paraguay (2005); Contreras et al. (2014); CNAA
(2004, 2005, 2006, 2009)
88 G*iLarge-billed Tern Phaetusa simplex
Grant (1911c); Guyra Paraguay (2004: F); Guyra Paraguay
(2005); Contreras et al. (2014); CNAA (2004, 2005,
2006, 2009)
CICONIIDAE
89 G*iMaguari Stork Ciconia maguari
Grant (1911b); López (1993); Guyra Paraguay (2004: F);
Guyra Paraguay (2005); CNAA (2004, 2005, 2006,
2007, 2009)
90 GiJabiru Stork Jabiru mycteria
López (1993); Guyra Paraguay (2004: S); Guyra Paraguay
(2005); Lesterhuis et al. (2007); CNAA (2004, 2005,
2006, 2007, 2009)
91 GiWood Stork Mycteria americana
López (1993); Guyra Paraguay (2004: U); Guyra Paraguay
(2005); Lesterhuis et al. (2007); CNAA (2004, 2005,
2006, 2007, 2009, 2013)
ANHINGIDAE
92 G*Anhinga Anhinga anhinga
Grant (1911b); Guyra Paraguay (2004: U); Guyra Paraguay
(2005); CNAA (2004, 2005, 2007)
PHALACROCORACIDAE
93 G*iNeotropic Cormorant Nannopterum brasilianus
Grant (1911b); Guyra Paraguay (2004: A); Guyra Paraguay
(2005); CNAA (2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2013)
ARDEIDAE
94 GiRufescent Tiger-Heron Tigrisoma lineatum
Guyra Paraguay (2004: U); Guyra Paraguay (2005); CNAA
(2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2013)
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95 GPinnated Bittern Botaurus pinnatus
Guyra Paraguay (2004: S); This publication.
96 G*iLeast Bittern Ixobrychus exilis [erythromelas]
Guyra Paraguay (2004: R); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Clay
et al. (2015)
97 GiBlack-crowned Night-Heron Nycticorax nycticorax
Guyra Paraguay (2004: F); Guyra Paraguay (2005); CNAA
(2004, 2005, 2007)
98 GiStriated Heron Butorides striata
Guyra Paraguay (2004: C); Guyra Paraguay (2005); CNAA
(2004, 2005, 2006, 2007)
99 GiCattle Egret Bubulcus ibis
Guyra Paraguay (2004: A); Guyra Paraguay (2005); CNAA
(2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2013)
100 G*iCocoi Heron Ardea cocoi
Guyra Paraguay (2004: F); Guyra Paraguay (2005); CNAA
(2005, 2006, 2007, 2009)
101 GiGreat Egret Ardea alba [egretta]
Guyra Paraguay (2004: A); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Les-
terhuis et al. (2007); CNAA (2004, 2005, 2006, 2007,
2009, 2013)
102 G*iWhistling Heron Syrigma sibilatrix
Grant (1911b); Guyra Paraguay (2004: C); CNAA (2004,
2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2013)
103 GiSnowy Egret Egretta thula
Guyra Paraguay (2004: A); Guyra Paraguay (2005); CNAA
(2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2013)
THRESKIORNITHIDAE
104 G*iWhite-faced Ibis Plegadis chihi
Grant (1911b); Guyra Paraguay (2004: A); Guyra Paraguay
(2005); CNAA (2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2013)
105 GiBare-faced Ibis Phimosus infuscatus
López (1993); Guyra Paraguay (2004: A); Guyra Paraguay
(2005); CNAA (2004, 2005, 2006, 2009)
106 GiPlumbeous Ibis Theristicus caerulescens
Guyra Paraguay (2004: R); Guyra Paraguay (2005); CNAA
(2004, 2006)
107 GMBu-necked Ibis Theristicus caudatus
Guyra Paraguay (2004: R); Guyra Paraguay (2005); CNAA
(2004, 2006)
108 G*iRoseate Spoonbill Platalea ajaja
Grant (1911b); Guyra Paraguay (2004: U); Guyra Paraguay
(2005); CNAA (2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009)
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G. Hicks, J. Dickens, C. Torres, E. Walker, S.D. Ríos, L. Doldan, I. Torre, A.J. Lesterhuis, H. del Castillo, Ó. Rodríguez & P. Smith
CATHARTIDAE
109 G*iBlack Vulture Coragyps atratus
Guyra Paraguay (2004: A); Guyra Paraguay (2005)
110 GiTurkey Vulture Cathartes aura
Guyra Paraguay (2004: C); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Con-
treras et al. (2014)
111 G*iLesser Yellow-headed Vulture Cathartes burrovianus
Grant (1911b); Guyra Paraguay (2004: C); Guyra Paraguay
(2005)
PANDIONIDAE
112 GiOsprey Pandion haliaetus
Guyra Paraguay (2004: R); Guyra Paraguay (2005)
ACCIPITRIDAE
113 GiGrey-headed Kite Leptodon cayanensis
Guyra Paraguay (2004: R); Guyra Paraguay (2005)
114 G*iBlack-collared Hawk Busarellus nigricollis
Grant (1911b); Guyra Paraguay (2004: F); Guyra Paraguay
(2005)
115 G*iSnail Kite Rostrhamus sociabilis
Guyra Paraguay (2004: A); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Con-
treras et al. (2014)
116 GMPlumbeous Kite Ictinia plumbea
Guyra Paraguay (2004: U); Guyra Paraguay (2005)
GPBD: Estancia Yacaré (18-19 March 2000); Estancia
Redondo (29 October 2004, 23-27 October 2005);
Estancia Yvera (25-26 February 2009);
117 GiLong-winged Harrier Circus buoni
Guyra Paraguay (2004: F); Guyra Paraguay (2005)
118 iSharp-shinned Hawk Accipiter velox
Guyra Paraguay (2004: S); This publication.
119 Crane Hawk Geranospiza caerulescens
Guyra Paraguay (2004: R); This publication.
120 GiSavannah Hawk Buteogallus meridionalis
Guyra Paraguay (2004: C); This publication.
121 G*iGreat Black Hawk Buteogallus urubitinga
Grant (1911b); Guyra Paraguay (2004: U); Guyra Paraguay
(2005)
122 G*iRoadside Hawk Rupornis magnirostris
Grant (1911b); Guyra Paraguay (2004: C); Guyra Paraguay (2005);
Smith et al. (2021)
123 GWhite-tailed Hawk Geranoaetus albicaudatus
Guyra Paraguay (2004: S); This publication.
Boletín del Museo nacional de Historia natural del Paraguay Vol. 26, Supl. A (aBril 2022) 41
The avifauna of the Paraguayan department of Ñeembucú
TYTONIDAE
124 G*American Barn Owl Tyto [alba] furcata
Teta & Contreras (2003), Guyra Paraguay (2004: S); Guyra
Paraguay (2005)
STRIGIDAE
125 GiTropical Screech-Owl Megascops choliba
Guyra Paraguay (2004: U); Guyra Paraguay (2005)
126 GiGreat Horned Owl Bubo virginianus
Guyra Paraguay (2004: R); Guyra Paraguay (2005)
127 GFerruginous Pygmy-Owl Glaucidium brasilianum
Guyra Paraguay (2004: S); This publication.
128 G*iBurrowing Owl Athene cunicularia
Guyra Paraguay (2004: C); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Smith
et al. (2021)
129 *Striped Owl Asio clamator
Guyra Paraguay (2004: R); This publication.
TROGONIDAE
130 G*iSurucua Trogon Trogon surrucura
Guyra Paraguay (2004: U); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Smith
et al. (2021)
ALCEDINIDAE
131 G*iRinged Kingsher Megaceryle torquata
Grant (1911b); Guyra Paraguay (2004: C); Guyra Paraguay
(2005)
132 G*iAmazon Kingsher Chloroceryle amazona
Grant (1911b); Guyra Paraguay (2004: F); Guyra Paraguay
(2005)
133 G*iGreen Kingsher Chloroceryle americana
Guyra Paraguay (2004: U); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Vallot-
ton & Smith (2021)
RAMPHASTIDAE
134 G*iToco Toucan Ramphastos toco
Chubb (1910); Grant (1911b); Guyra Paraguay (2004:
U); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Guyra Paraguay (2008);
Contreras et al. (2014)
PICIDAE
135 G*iWhite-barred Piculet Picumnus cirratus
Guyra Paraguay (2004: U); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Smith
et al. (2021); Vallotton & Smith (2021)
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G. Hicks, J. Dickens, C. Torres, E. Walker, S.D. Ríos, L. Doldan, I. Torre, A.J. Lesterhuis, H. del Castillo, Ó. Rodríguez & P. Smith
136 G*iWhite Woodpecker Melanerpes candidus
Guyra Paraguay (2004: F); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Smith
et al. (2021)
137 GiWhite-fronted Woodpecker Melanerpes cactorum
Guyra Paraguay (2004: M); Guyra Paraguay (2005)
138 GiChequered Woodpecker Dryobates mixtus
Guyra Paraguay (2004: S); Guyra Paraguay (2005)
139 G*iLittle Woodpecker Dryobates passerinus [olivinus]
Grant (1911b); Guyra Paraguay (2004: F); Guyra Paraguay
(2005); Contreras et al. (2014); Smith et al. (2021);
Vallotton & Smith (2021)
140 G*iCrimson-crested Woodpecker Campephilus melanoleucos
Guyra Paraguay (2004: S); Contreras-Chialchia & Smith
(2014); Contreras et al. (2014); Smith et al. (2021)
141 G*iCream-backed Woodpecker Campephilus leucopogon
Guyra Paraguay (2004: M); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Guyra
Paraguay (2008); Contreras-Chialchia & Smith (2014);
Smith et al. (2021)
142 G*iPale-crested Woodpecker Celeus lugubris
Guyra Paraguay (2004: S); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Smith
et al. (2021)
143 G*iGolden-green Woodpecker Piculus chrysochloros
Grant (1911b); Guyra Paraguay (2004: S); Guyra Paraguay
(2005); Contreras et al. (2014); Smith et al. (2021)
144 G*iGolden-breasted Woodpecker Colaptes melanolaimus [nigroviridis]
Grant (1911b); Guyra Paraguay (2004: F); Guyra Paraguay
(2005); Smith et al. (2021)
145 G*iCampo [Pampas] Flicker Colaptes campestris [campestroides]
Guyra Paraguay (2004: A); Contreras et al. (2014); Smith
et al. (2021); Vallotton & Smith (2021)
CARIAMIDAE
146 GiRed-legged Seriema Cariama cristata
Guyra Paraguay (2004: R); Guyra Paraguay (2005)
FALCONIDAE
147 G*iCrested Caracara Caracara plancus
Guyra Paraguay (2004: A); Guyra Paraguay (2005)
148 GiYellow-headed Caracara Daptrius chimachima
Guyra Paraguay (2004: F); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Smith
et al. (2021)
149 GiChimango Caracara Daptrius chimango
Contreras & Contreras (1993b); Guyra Paraguay (2004:
A); Guyra Paraguay (2005)
150 GiAmerican Kestrel Falco sparverius
Boletín del Museo nacional de Historia natural del Paraguay Vol. 26, Supl. A (aBril 2022) 43
The avifauna of the Paraguayan department of Ñeembucú
Guyra Paraguay (2004: F); Guyra Paraguay (2005)
151 iBat Falcon Falco rugularis
Guyra Paraguay (2005)
152 GiAplomado Falcon Falco femoralis
Guyra Paraguay (2004: U); Guyra Paraguay (2005)
153 GiPeregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus
Guyra Paraguay (2004); This publication.
PSITTACIDAE
154 G*iMonk Parakeet Myiopsitta monachus
Guyra Paraguay (2004: A); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Smith
et al. (2021)
155 G*iScaly-headed Parrot Pionus maximiliani
Grant (1911b); Guyra Paraguay (2004: U); Guyra Paraguay
(2005)
156 G*Turquoise-fronted Parrot Amazona aestiva
Guyra Paraguay (2004: S); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Guyra
Paraguay (2008); Smith et al. (2021)
157 GiCobalt-rumped Parrotlet Forpus xanthopterygius
Guyra Paraguay (2004: U); Guyra Paraguay (2005)
158 G*Maroon-bellied Parakeet Pyrrhura frontalis
Guyra Paraguay (2004: R); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Smith
et al. (2021)
159 G*iPeach-fronted Parakeet Eupsittula aurea
Hayes (1995); Guyra Paraguay (2004: S); Guyra Paraguay
(2005); Smith et al. (2021)
160 GiNanday Parakeet Aratinga nenday
Guyra Paraguay (2004: U); Guyra Paraguay (2005)
161 GiBlue-crowned Parakeet Thectocercus acuticaudatus
Guyra Paraguay (2004: R); Guyra Paraguay (2005)
162 GWhite-eyed Parakeet Psittacara leucophthalmus
Guyra Paraguay (2004: S); This publication.
THAMNOPHILIDAE
163 G*iGreat Antshrike Taraba major
Grant (1911a); Guyra Paraguay (2004: U); Guyra Paraguay
(2005); Smith et al. (2021); Vallotton & Smith (2021)
164 GiBarred Antshrike Thamnophilus doliatus
Guyra Paraguay (2004: U); Guyra Paraguay (2005)
165 G*iVariable Antshrike Thamnophilus caerulescens
Grant (1911a); Guyra Paraguay (2004: F); Guyra Paraguay
(2005); Smith et al. (2021); Vallotton & Smith (2021)
FURNARIIDAE
166 G*iOlivaceous [Chaco] Woodcreeper Sittasomus griseicapillus [gri-
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G. Hicks, J. Dickens, C. Torres, E. Walker, S.D. Ríos, L. Doldan, I. Torre, A.J. Lesterhuis, H. del Castillo, Ó. Rodríguez & P. Smith
seicapillus]
Guyra Paraguay (2004: U); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Smith
et al. (2021)
167 G*iPlanalto Woodcreeper Dendrocolaptes platyrostris
Grant (1911a); Guyra Paraguay (2004: R); Guyra Paraguay
(2005)
168 G*iGreat Rufous Woodcreeper Xiphocolaptes major
Grant (1911a); Guyra Paraguay (2004: S); Guyra Paraguay
(2005); Guyra Paraguay (2008); Smith et al. (2021);
Vallotton & Smith (2021)
169 G*iRed-billed Scythebill Campylorhamphus trochilirostris
Guyra Paraguay (2004: U); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Smith
et al. (2021); Vallotton & Smith (2021)
170 G*iNarrow-billed Woodcreeper Lepidocolaptes angustirostris
Grant (1911a); Guyra Paraguay (2004: F); Guyra Paraguay
(2005); Smith et al. (2021); Vallotton & Smith (2021)
171 Streaked Xenops Xenops rutilans
This publication.
172 G*iRufous Hornero Furnarius rufus
Grant (1911a); Guyra Paraguay (2004: A); Guyra Paraguay
(2005); Smith et al. (2021); Vallotton & Smith (2021)
173 GiWren-like Rushbird Phleocryptes melanops
Guyra Paraguay (2005)
174 GiBu-winged Cinclodes Cinclodes fuscus
Hayes et al. (1994); Hayes (1995); Guyra Paraguay (2004:
R); Guyra Paraguay (2005)
175 GiBu-browed Foliage-gleaner Syndactyla rufosuperciliata
Guyra Paraguay (2004: S); This publication.
176 iTufted Tit-Spinetail Leptasthenura platensis
Ridgely & Tudor (1994); Hayes (1995); Guyra Paraguay
(2004: R)
177 G*Little Thornbird Phacellodomus sibilatrix
Guyra Paraguay (2004: R); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Smith
et al. (2021)
178 G*iGreater Thornbird Phacellodomus ruber
Guyra Paraguay (2004: F); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Smith
et al. (2021); Vallotton & Smith (2021)
179 G*iFirewood-gatherer Anumbius annumbi
Guyra Paraguay (2004: F); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Smith
et al. (2021)
180 G*iLark-like Brushrunner Coryphistera alaudina
Hayes (1995); Guyra Paraguay (2004: M); Guyra Paraguay
(2005); Smith et al. (2021)
181 *Sharp-billed Canastero Asthenes pyrrholeuca
Grant (1911a); Hayes et al. (1994); Hayes (1995); Guyra
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The avifauna of the Paraguayan department of Ñeembucú
Paraguay (2004: h); Smith et al. (2021)
182 G*iStripe-crowned Spinetail Cranioleuca pyrrhophia
Guyra Paraguay (2004: M); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Smith
et al. (2021)
183 G*iChotoy Spinetail Schoeniophylax phryganophilus
Grant (1911a); Guyra Paraguay (2004: F); Smith et al.
(2021); Vallotton & Smith (2021)
184 G*iYellow-chinned Spinetail Certhiaxis cinnamomeus
Guyra Paraguay (2004: C); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Smith
et al. (2021); Vallotton & Smith (2021)
185 G*Austral Spinetail Synallaxis [albescens] australis
Guyra Paraguay (2004: S); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Smith
et al. (2021)
186 G*iSooty-fronted Spinetail Synallaxis frontalis
Grant (1911a); Guyra Paraguay (2004: F); Guyra Paraguay
(2005); Smith et al. (2021)
COTINGIDAE
187 GiWhite-tipped Plantcutter Phytotoma rutila
Guyra Paraguay (2005)
TITYRIDAE
188 *iBlack-tailed Tityra Tityra cayana
Guyra Paraguay (2004: S); This publication.
189 Black-crowned Tityra Tityra inquisitor
Guyra Paraguay (2004: S); This publication.
190 iWhite-naped Xenopsaris Xenopsaris albinucha
Guyra Paraguay (2004: R); This publication.
191 G*iGreen-backed Becard Pachyramphus viridis
Guyra Paraguay (2004: S); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Smith
et al. (2021); Vallotton & Smith (2021)
192 G*White-winged Becard Pachyramphus polychopterus
Guyra Paraguay (2004: S); Smith et al. (2021)
193 *iCrested Becard Pachyramphus validus
Guyra Paraguay (2004: S); Smith et al. (2021)
TYRANNIDAE
194 G*Yellow-olive Flycatcher Tolmomyias sulphurescens
Guyra Paraguay (2004: S); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Smith
et al. (2021)
195 G*iPearly-vented Tody-Tyrant Hemitriccus margaritaceiventer
Grant (1911a); Guyra Paraguay (2004: C); Guyra Paraguay
(2005); Smith et al. (2021); Vallotton & Smith (2021)
196 *iPlain Tyrannulet Inezia inornata
This publication.
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G. Hicks, J. Dickens, C. Torres, E. Walker, S.D. Ríos, L. Doldan, I. Torre, A.J. Lesterhuis, H. del Castillo, Ó. Rodríguez & P. Smith
197 *iTawny-crowned Pygmy-Tyrant Euscarthmus meloryphus
Contreras (1986); Guyra Paraguay (2004: S); Smith et al.
(2021)
198 G*iSouthern Beardless-Tyrannulet Camptostoma obsoletum
Guyra Paraguay (2004: F); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Smith
et al. (2021)
199 G*Yellow-bellied Elaenia Elaenia avogaster
Guyra Paraguay (2004: U); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Va-
llotton & Smith (2021)
200 G*Large Elaenia Elaenia spectabilis
Guyra Paraguay (2004: F); Smith et al. (2021); Vallotton
& Smith (2021)
201 GiWhite-crested Elaenia Elaenia albiceps [chilensis]
Guyra Paraguay (2004: S); Guyra Paraguay (2005)
202 G*Small-billed Elaenia Elaenia parvirostris
Guyra Paraguay (2004: S); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Smith
et al. (2021)
203 G*i[Chaco] Suiriri Flycatcher Suiriri suiriri
Grant (1911a); Guyra Paraguay (2004: S); Guyra Paraguay
(2005); Smith et al. (2021)
204 GiMouse-coloured Tyrannulet Phaeomyias murina
Guyra Paraguay (2004: S); Guyra Paraguay (2005)
205 iBearded Tachuri Polystictus pectoralis
Guyra Paraguay (2004: S); This publication.
206 GiCrested Doradito Pseudocolopteryx sclateri
Guyra Paraguay (2004: S); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Smith
et al. (2021)
207 GiWarbling Doradito Pseudocolopteryx aviventris
Guyra Paraguay (2004: R); Guyra Paraguay (2005)
208 GDinelli's Doradito Pseudocolopteryx dinellianus
This publication.
209 G*iSooty Tyrannulet Ridgwayornis nigricans
Grant (1911a); Guyra Paraguay (2004: U); Guyra Paraguay
(2005); Vallotton & Smith (2021)
210 G*White-crested Tyrannulet Serpophaga subcristata (including “S. munda”)
Guyra Paraguay (2004: U); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Smith
et al. (2021)
211 G*iStraneck’s Tyrannulet Serpophaga griseicapilla
Guyra Paraguay (2004: R); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Smith
et al. (2021)
212 G*iGreat Kiskadee Pitangus sulphuratus
Grant (1911a); Guyra Paraguay (2004: A); Guyra Paraguay
(2005); Smith et al. (2021)
213 G*iCattle Tyrant Machetornis rixosa
Grant (1911a); Guyra Paraguay (2004: A); Guyra Paraguay
Boletín del Museo nacional de Historia natural del Paraguay Vol. 26, Supl. A (aBril 2022) 47
The avifauna of the Paraguayan department of Ñeembucú
(2005); Smith et al. (2021); Vallotton & Smith (2021)
214 G*Boat-billed Flycatcher Megarynchus pitangua
Guyra Paraguay (2004: F); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Smith
et al. (2021)
215 G*Solitary Flycatcher Myiodynastes [maculatus] solitarius
Guyra Paraguay (2004: U); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Smith
et al. (2021); Vallotton & Smith (2021)
216 Variegated Flycatcher Empidonomus varius
Guyra Paraguay (2004: S); This publication.
217 *Crowned Slaty Flycatcher Empidonomus aurantioatrocris-
tatus
Guyra Paraguay (2004: S); Smith et al. (2021)
218 G*iTropical Kingbird Tyrannus melancholicus
Guyra Paraguay (2004: A); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Smith
et al. (2021)
219 G*iFork-tailed Flycatcher Tyrannus savana
Guyra Paraguay (2004: A); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Smith
et al. (2021)
220 G*iRufous Casiornis Casiornis rufus
Guyra Paraguay (2004: S); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Smith
et al. (2021)
221 G*Swainson’s Flycatcher Myiarchus swainsoni
Guyra Paraguay (2004: S); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Smith
et al. (2021); Vallotton & Smith (2021)
222 G*iShort-crested Flycatcher Myiarchus ferox
Grant (1911a); Guyra Paraguay (2004: U); Guyra Paraguay
(2005); Smith et al. (2021)
223 G*iBrown-crested Flycatcher Myiarchus tyrannulus
Guyra Paraguay (2004: F); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Smith
et al. (2021)
224 G*Bran-coloured Flycatcher Myiophobus fasciatus
Guyra Paraguay (2004: S); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Smith
et al. (2021)
225 *iSouthern Scrub-Flycatcher Sublegatus modestus
Guyra Paraguay (2004: R); Smith et al. (2021)
226 G*iVermilion Flycatcher Pyrocephalus rubinus
Hayes et al. (1994); Guyra Paraguay (2004: F); Guyra
Paraguay (2005); Smith et al. (2021)
227 iBlack-backed Water-Tyrant Fluvicola albiventer
Guyra Paraguay (2004: S); This publication.
228 G*iWhite-headed Marsh Tyrant Arundinicola leucocephala
Guyra Paraguay (2004: U); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Smith
et al. (2021)
229 GiStreamer-tailed Tyrant Gubernetes yetapa
Guyra Paraguay (2004: F); Guyra Paraguay (2005)
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G. Hicks, J. Dickens, C. Torres, E. Walker, S.D. Ríos, L. Doldan, I. Torre, A.J. Lesterhuis, H. del Castillo, Ó. Rodríguez & P. Smith
230 GiStrange-tailed Tyrant Alectrurus risora
Contreras & Contreras (1992); Guyra Paraguay (2004: U);
Guyra Paraguay (2005); Guyra Paraguay (2008)
231 iAustral Negrito Lessonia rufa
Hayes et al. (1994), Hayes (1995); Guyra Paraguay (2004:
R)
232 G*iSpectacled Tyrant Hymenops perspicillatus
Hayes et al. (1994); Guyra Paraguay (2004: U); Guyra
Paraguay (2005); Vallotton & Smith (2021)
233 G*iBlue-billed Black-Tyrant Knipolegus cyanirostris
Guyra Paraguay (2004: S); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Smith
& Easley (2019): Smith et al. (2021)
234 G*iYellow-browed Tyrant Satrapa icterophrys
Guyra Paraguay (2004: U); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Smith
et al. (2021); Vallotton & Smith (2021)
235 G*iWhite Monjita Xolmis irupero
Grant (1911a); Guyra Paraguay (2004: C); Guyra Paraguay
(2005); Smith et al. (2021); Vallotton & Smith (2021)
236 GiGrey Monjita Nengetus cinereus
Guyra Paraguay (2004: F); Guyra Paraguay (2005)
237 G*iWhistling Fuscous-Flycatcher Cnemotriccus [fuscatus]
Guyra Paraguay (2004: U); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Smith
et al. (2021)
238 G*Euler’s Flycatcher Aphanotriccus euleri
Guyra Paraguay (2004: S); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Smith
et al. (2021)
239 GiMany-coloured Rush Tyrant Tachuris rubrigastra
Hayes (1995); Guyra Paraguay (2004: R); Guyra Paraguay
(2005)
VIREONIDAE
240 G*i[Chaco] Rufous-browed Peppershrike Cyclarhis gujanensis [viri-
dis]
Guyra Paraguay (2004: C); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Smith
et al. (2021); Vallotton & Smith (2021)
241 G*iChivi Vireo Vireo chivi
Grant (1911a); Guyra Paraguay (2004: F); Guyra Paraguay
(2005); Smith et al. (2021); Vallotton & Smith (2021)
CORVIDAE
242 G*Purplish Jay Cyanocorax cyanomelas
Grant (1911a); Guyra Paraguay (2004: F); Guyra Paraguay
(2005)
243 G*iPlush-crested Jay Cyanocorax chrysops
Guyra Paraguay (2004: F); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Smith
Boletín del Museo nacional de Historia natural del Paraguay Vol. 26, Supl. A (aBril 2022) 49
The avifauna of the Paraguayan department of Ñeembucú
et al. (2021)
HIRUNDINIDAE
244 MBlue-and-white Swallow Pygochelidon cyanoleuca
Contreras (1995); Guyra Paraguay (2004: R)
245 MBlack-collared Swallow Pygochelidon melanoleuca
Contreras (1995); Guyra Paraguay (2004: R)
246 G*iTawny-headed Swallow Alopochelidon fucata
Grant (1911a); Contreras (1995); Guyra Paraguay (2004:
U); Guyra Paraguay (2005)
247 MSouthern Rough-winged Swallow Stelgidopteryx rucollis
Contreras (1995); Guyra Paraguay (2004: U)
248 G*iBrown-chested Martin Progne tapera
Contreras (1995); Guyra Paraguay (2004: A); Guyra Para-
guay (2005); Smith et al. (2021)
249 GiGrey-breasted Martin Progne chalybea [macrorhamphus]
Contreras (1995); Guyra Paraguay (2004: U); Guyra Pa-
raguay (2005)
250 GiSouthern Martin Progne elegans
Contreras (1995); del Castillo (2013)
251 *iWhite-winged Swallow Tachycineta albiventer
Contreras (1995); Guyra Paraguay (2004: S); Smith et al.
(2021)
252 G*iWhite-rumped Swallow Tachycineta leucorrhoa
Contreras (1995); Guyra Paraguay (2004: A); Guyra Para-
guay (2005); Smith et al. (2021)
253 GiChilean Swallow Tachycineta leucopyga
Hayes et al. (1994); Contreras (1995); Guyra Paraguay
(2004: S); Guyra Paraguay (2005)
254 iSand Martin Riparia riparia
Contreras (1995); Guyra Paraguay (2004: U)
255 GiBarn Swallow Hirundo rustica [erythrogaster]
Contreras (1995); Guyra Paraguay (2004: A); Guyra Pa-
raguay (2005)
256 MCli Swallow Petrochelidon pyrrhonota
Contreras (1995); Guyra Paraguay (2004: A)
TROGLODYTIDAE
257 G*iHouse Wren Troglodytes aedon [musculus]
Grant (1911a); Guyra Paraguay (2004: C); Guyra Paraguay
(2005); Smith et al. (2021)
258 iThrush-like Wren Campylorhynchus turdinus [unicolor]
Contreras et al. (1993); Hayes (1995); Guyra Paraguay
(2004: R); Hayes et al. (2018)
Boletín del Museo nacional de Historia natural del Paraguay Vol. 26, Supl. A (aBril 2022)
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G. Hicks, J. Dickens, C. Torres, E. Walker, S.D. Ríos, L. Doldan, I. Torre, A.J. Lesterhuis, H. del Castillo, Ó. Rodríguez & P. Smith
POLIOPTILIDAE
259 G*iMasked Gnatcatcher Polioptila dumicola
Grant (1911a); Guyra Paraguay (2004: F); Guyra Paraguay
(2005); Smith et al. (2021)
DONACOBIIDAE
260 GiBlack-capped Donacobius Donacobius atricapilla
Guyra Paraguay (2004: U); Guyra Paraguay (2005)
TURDIDAE
261 G*iCreamy-bellied Thrush Turdus amaurochalinus
Grant (1911a); Guyra Paraguay (2004: F); Guyra Paraguay
(2005); Smith et al. (2021); Vallotton & Smith (2021)
262 GiPale-breasted Thrush Turdus leucomelas
Guyra Paraguay (2004: F); This publication.
263 G*iRufous-bellied Thrush Turdus ruventris
Grant (1911a); Guyra Paraguay (2004: F); Guyra Paraguay
(2005); Smith et al. (2021); Vallotton & Smith (2021)
MIMIDAE
264 G*iChalk-browed Mockingbird Mimus saturninus
Guyra Paraguay (2004: F); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Smith
et al. (2021)
265 GiWhite-banded Mockingbird Mimus triurus
Guyra Paraguay (2004: S); Guyra Paraguay (2005)
PASSERIDAE
266 GiHouse Sparrow Passer domesticus
Guyra Paraguay (2004: A); Guyra Paraguay (2005)
MOTACILLIDAE
267 G*iYellowish Pipit Anthus chii
Guyra Paraguay (2004: F); Guyra Paraguay (2005)
268 MShort-billed Pipit Anthus furcatus
Hayes et al. (1994); Hayes (1995); Guyra Paraguay (2004:
E)
269 G*iHellmayr’s Pipit Anthus hellmayri
Guyra Paraguay (2004: R); Guyra Paraguay (2005)
FRINGILLIDAE
270 GiHooded Siskin Spinus magellanicus
Guyra Paraguay (2004: F); Guyra Paraguay (2005)
271 G*iPurple-throated Euphonia Euphonia chlorotica
Guyra Paraguay (2004: U); Guyra Paraguay (2005)
Boletín del Museo nacional de Historia natural del Paraguay Vol. 26, Supl. A (aBril 2022) 51
The avifauna of the Paraguayan department of Ñeembucú
EMBERIZIDAE
272 G*iGrassland Sparrow Ammodramus humeralis
Grant (1911a); Guyra Paraguay (2004: C); Guyra Paraguay
(2005); Vallotton & Smith (2021)
273 G*iSaron-billed Sparrow Arremon avirostris [polionotus]
Grant (1911a); Guyra Paraguay (2004: U); Guyra Paraguay
(2005); Smith et al. (2021); Vallotton & Smith (2021)
274 G*iRufous-collared Sparrow Zonotrichia capensis
Grant (1911a); Guyra Paraguay (2004: C); Guyra Paraguay
(2005); Smith et al. (2021); Vallotton & Smith (2021)
ICTERIDAE
275 GiBobolink Dolichonyx oryzivorus
Guyra Paraguay (2004: R); Guyra Paraguay (2005)
276 GiWhite-browed Meadowlark Leistes superciliaris
Contreras & Contreras (1992); Guyra Paraguay (2004: C);
Guyra Paraguay (2005)
277 G*iSolitary Black Cacique Cacicus solitarius
Grant (1911a); Guyra Paraguay (2004: S); Guyra Paraguay
(2005); Smith et al. (2021)
278 G*iGolden-winged Cacique Cacicus chrysopterus
Grant (1911a); Guyra Paraguay (2004: U); Guyra Paraguay
(2005); Smith et al. (2021)
279 G*iVariable Oriole Icterus pyrrhopterus
Grant (1911a); Guyra Paraguay (2004: F); Guyra Paraguay
(2005); Smith et al. (2021)
280 GMScreaming Cowbird Molothrus rufoaxillaris
Guyra Paraguay (2004: U); Guyra Paraguay (2005)
281 GGiant Cowbird Molothrus oryzivorus
Guyra Paraguay (2004: S); This publication.
282 G*iShiny Cowbird Molothrus bonariensis
Grant (1911a); Guyra Paraguay (2004: A); Guyra Paraguay
(2005); Smith et al. (2021)
283 G*iScarlet-headed Blackbird Amblyramphus holosericeus
Guyra Paraguay (2004: C); Guyra Paraguay (2005)
284 GiChopi Blackbird Gnorimopsar chopi
Guyra Paraguay (2004: A); Guyra Paraguay (2005)
285 G*iGreyish Baywing Agelaioides badius
Grant (1911a); Guyra Paraguay (2004: S); Guyra Paraguay
(2005); Smith et al. (2021)
286 G*iUnicoloured Blackbird Agelasticus cyanopus
Guyra Paraguay (2004: C); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Smith
et al. (2021)
287 Yellow-winged Blackbird Agelasticus thilius
This publication.
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G. Hicks, J. Dickens, C. Torres, E. Walker, S.D. Ríos, L. Doldan, I. Torre, A.J. Lesterhuis, H. del Castillo, Ó. Rodríguez & P. Smith
288 G*iChestnut-capped Blackbird Chrysomus rucapillus
Grant (1911a); Guyra Paraguay (2004: U); Guyra Paraguay
(2005)
289 G*iYellow-rumped Marshbird Pseudoleistes guirahuro
Contreras & Contreras (1992); Guyra Paraguay (2004: A);
Guyra Paraguay (2005); Smith et al. (2021)
290 GiBrown-and-yellow Marshbird Pseudoleistes virescens
Guyra Paraguay (2004: R); Guyra Paraguay (2005)
PARULIDAE
291 G*iMasked Yellowthroat Geothlypis aequinoctialis [velata]
Guyra Paraguay (2004: U); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Smith
et al. (2021); Vallotton & Smith (2021)
292 G*iTropical Parula Setophaga pitiayumi
Grant (1911a); Guyra Paraguay (2004: U); Guyra Paraguay
(2005); Smith et al. (2021)
293 G*iWhite-browed Warbler Myiothlypis leucoblephara
Guyra Paraguay (2004: F); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Smith
et al. (2021); Vallotton & Smith (2021)
294 G*iGolden-crowned Warbler Basileuterus culicivorus
Guyra Paraguay (2004: U); Smith et al. (2021); Vallotton
& Smith (2021)
CARDINALIDAE
295 GiHepatic Tanager Piranga ava [ava]
Guyra Paraguay (2004: S); Guyra Paraguay (2005)
296 iGlaucous-blue Grosbeak Cyanoloxia glaucocaerulea
Guyra Paraguay (2004: R); This publication
297 G*iUltramarine Grosbeak Cyanoloxia brissonii
Guyra Paraguay (2004: R); Guyra Paraguay (2005)
THRAUPIDAE
298 Hooded Tanager Nemosia pileata
Guyra Paraguay (2004: U); This publication.
299 GiChestnut-vented Conebill Conirostrum speciosum
Guyra Paraguay (2004: U); Guyra Paraguay (2005)
300 G*iSaron Finch Sicalis aveola [pelzelni]
Guyra Paraguay (2004: A); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Smith
et al. (2021); Vallotton & Smith (2021)
301 GiGrassland Yellow-Finch Sicalis luteola [luteiventris]
Guyra Paraguay (2004: S); Guyra Paraguay (2005)
302 GiBlue-black Grassquit Volatinia jacarina
Guyra Paraguay (2004: U); Guyra Paraguay (2005)
303 G*iWhite-lined Tanager Tachyphonus rufus
Guyra Paraguay (2004: U); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Va-
Boletín del Museo nacional de Historia natural del Paraguay Vol. 26, Supl. A (aBril 2022) 53
The avifauna of the Paraguayan department of Ñeembucú
llotton & Smith (2021)
304 G*iRed-crested Finch Coryphospingus cucullatus
Guyra Paraguay (2004: U); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Smith
et al. (2021)
305 iLined Seedeater Sporophila lineola
This publication
306 GiWhite-bellied Seedeater Sporophila leucoptera
Guyra Paraguay (2004: R); Guyra Paraguay (2005)
307 iPearly-bellied Seedeater Sporophila pileata
Guyra Paraguay (2004: C); This publication
308 G*Tawny-bellied Seedeater Sporophila hypoxantha
Guyra Paraguay (2004: U); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Smith
et al. (2021); Vallotton & Smith (2021)
309 Dark-throated Seedeater Sporophila rucollis
Guyra Paraguay (2004: S); This publication
310 iIberá Seedeater Sporophila iberaensis
This publication
311 MMarsh Seedeater Sporophila palustris
Contreras et al. (1993); Guyra Paraguay (2004: S); Hayes
(1995)
312 GiRufous-rumped Seedeater Sporophila hypochroma
Contreras et al. (1993); Hayes (1995); Guyra Paraguay
(2004: S); Guyra Paraguay (2005)
313 GMChestnut Seedeater Sporophila cinnamomea
Guyra Paraguay (2004: S); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Guyra
Paraguay (2008)
314 G*iDouble-collared Seedeater Sporophila caerulescens
Guyra Paraguay (2004: F); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Smith
et al. (2021); Vallotton & Smith (2021)
315 G*iRusty-collared Seedeater Sporophila collaris
Contreras & Contreras (1992); Guyra Paraguay (2004:
C); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Vallotton & Smith (2021)
316 G*iGreyish Saltator Saltator coerulescens
Guyra Paraguay (2004: C); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Smith
et al. (2021); Vallotton & Smith (2021)
317 G*iGreen-winged Saltator Saltator similis
Guyra Paraguay (2004: S); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Smith
et al. (2021)
318 GiGolden-billed Saltator Saltator aurantiirostris
This publication
319 G*iGreat Pampa-Finch Embernagra platensis [platensis]
Grant (1911a); Contreras & Contreras (1992); Guyra Pa-
raguay (2004: A); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Smith et
al. (2021)
320 G*iWedge-tailed Grass-Finch Emberizoides herbicola
Boletín del Museo nacional de Historia natural del Paraguay Vol. 26, Supl. A (aBril 2022)
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G. Hicks, J. Dickens, C. Torres, E. Walker, S.D. Ríos, L. Doldan, I. Torre, A.J. Lesterhuis, H. del Castillo, Ó. Rodríguez & P. Smith
Contreras & Contreras (1992); Guyra Paraguay (2004: C);
Guyra Paraguay (2005); Smith et al. (2021)
321 G*Lesser Grass-Finch Emberizoides ypiranganus
Contreras & Contreras (1992); Hayes (1995); Guyra Para-
guay (2004: F); Guyra Paraguay (2005)
322 G*iOrange-headed Tanager Thlypopsis sordida
Guyra Paraguay (2004: U); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Smith
et al. (2021); Vallotton & Smith (2021)
323 iChaco Warbling Finch Microspingus [torquatus] pectoralis
This publication
324 GiBlack-capped Warbling Finch Microspingus melanoleucus
Guyra Paraguay (2004: S); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Guyra
Paraguay (2008); Smith et al. (2021)
325 GiLong-tailed Reed Finch Donacospiza albifrons
Guyra Paraguay (2004: S); Guyra Paraguay (2005)
326 G*iRed-crested Cardinal Paroaria coronata
Guyra Paraguay (2004: A); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Smith
et al. (2021)
327 G*iYellow-billed Cardinal Paroaria capitata
Guyra Paraguay (2004: F); Guyra Paraguay (2005); Smith
et al. (2021)
328 *Fawn-breasted Tanager Pipraeidea melanonota
Contreras & Contreras (1993a); Guyra Paraguay (2004:
R); Smith et al. (2021)
329 Blue-and-yellow Tanager Rauenia bonariensis
This publication
330 G*iSayaca Tanager Thraupis sayaca
Guyra Paraguay (2004: A); Guyra Paraguay (2005);
Smith et al. (2021)
Abril del año 2022
Edición cerrada en línea el 18 de Abril de 2022
Instrucciones para los autores
El Boletín del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural del Paraguay se publica en un volumen por año, dividido en dos números. Los manuscritos recibidos hasta
el 1 de abril podrán ser considerados para el cierre de edición de junio (nº 1) y los recibidos hasta el 1 de octubre para el cierre de edición de diciembre (nº 2).
Sin embargo, la entrega de un manuscrito dentro de un determinado periodo no garantiza su publicación en la edición inmediata siguiente, dependiendo ésta del
tiempo que toma el proceso de revisión al que es sujeto. Los artículos se publicarán online en diferentes fechas a medida que estén completamente diagramados,
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junio, se publicará un volumen de doble número en diciembre.
Se aceptan trabajos de investigación originales o de revisión en las áreas de Botánica, Zoología, Paleontología y Geología Descriptiva, cubriendo la Región
Neotropical y preferentemente el Paraguay y regiones limítrofes. Se aceptan trabajos en Español, Portugués o Inglés. Las opiniones vertidas en los artículos son
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fuente Times New Roman tamaño 11. No se aceptarán pies de página.
referencia de las ilustraciones originales o los archivos respectivos. Las tablas deben ir por separado, en archivo generado en Microsoft Excel.
Toda la documentación relacionada con el artículo debe enviarse a la la dirección electrónica del Boletín: boletin.mnhnpy@gmail.com. Se pide que los
autores provean nombre, dirección postal y correo electrónico de al menos dos revisores potenciales.
La primera página del manuscrito debe llevar los siguientes datos: 1) título conciso e informativo, 2) nombre completo del autor o autores (al menos uno
de los nombres y uno de los apellidos de cada autor debe escribirse completo), 3) dirección completa del autor o autores, incluyendo dirección(es) electrónica(s)
si existe(n), 4) resumen, 5) palabras clave en español. Título, resumen y palabras clave deberán presentarse en español e inglés (los dos últimos llamados
abstract y key words en su versión inglesa).
El cuerpo del manuscrito puede constar de las siguientes partes ordenadas, cada una claramente titulada: 1) Introducción, 2) Materiales y Métodos, 3)
Resultados y Discusión, 4) Conclusión, 5) Agradecimientos y 6)
equivalente a lo propuesto.
mencionarán ambos apellidos y cuando sean más se citará como en los ejemplos: López et alet al
Las referencias deben ir por orden alfabético y cronológico y cada una siguiendo el modelo de secuencia: Autor. Año. Título. Publicación serial o Casa editora
y Ciudad, Volumen (Número): Intervalo o total de páginas. Abajo hay algunos ejemplos:
The Egyptian species of Encarsia (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). Zoologische Medelinge
The social wasps of the Americas excluding the Vespinae. London, UK: British Museum (Natural History). 580 pp.
The Hymenoptera of Costa Rica
in Hanson, P. & Gauld, I.D. (Eds.). The Hymenoptera of Costa Rica. Oxford,
Coreoidea Species File Online
Adobe. (2010). Adobe® Illustrator® CS5. Versión 15.0.0. Program for Microsoft Windows™ Environment.
Instructions to authors
The Boletín del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural del Paraguay is published a volume a year, divided in two numbers. The manuscripts received as late as
delivery of a manuscript along a certain period does not guarantee its publication in the very next edition, depending it on the time taken by the revisonary
The editorial accepts original or revisional research papers on several aspects of Botany, Zoology, Paleontology and Descriptive Geology, covering the
Neotropical Region, preferably Paraguay and neighbouring areas. Papers wrote in Spanish, Portuguese or English will be accepted. The oppinions given in the
All the documentation related to the manuscript must be sent to the e-mail address of the Boletín: boletin.mnhnpy@gmail.com. Authors are asked to provide
name, address and e-mail of at least two potential referees.
1) short and concise title, 2)
3) complete address of the author(s), including e-mail address(es) if available), 4)
abstract, and 5) key words. Title, abstract and key words will be presented in both English and Spanish versions (the two latter to be called resumen
and palabras clave in the Spanish version).
The manuscript body could be composed by the following ordered parts, each one clearly entitled: 1) Introduction, 2) Materials and Methods, 3) Results
and Discussion, 4) Conclusions, 5) Acknowledgements and 6)
one here proposed.
at the beginning of a sentence.
more authors should follow the examples: López et alet al
go in alphabetic and chronologic order, each one according to the following model: Author. Year. Title. Serial publication or editorial house and city, Volume
(Number): Page range or total. Examples are given bellow:
Zoologische Medelinge
The social wasps of the Americas excluding the Vespinae. London, UK: British Museum (Natural History). 580 pp.
The Hymenoptera of Costa Rica
in Hanson, P. & Gauld, I.D. (Eds.). The Hymenoptera of Costa Rica. Oxford,
Coreoidea Species File Online
Adobe. (2010). Adobe® Illustrator® CS5. Versión 15.0.0. Program for Microsoft Windows™ Environment.
BOLETÍN
El Boletín del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural del Paraguay se publica en un volumen y dos números por año. Publica trabajos
originales y de revisión sobre aspectos varios en las áreas de Botánica, Zoología, Paleontología y Geología Descriptiva, cubriendo de
preferencia la Región Neotropical, principalmente Paraguay y regiones limítrofes. Las opiniones vertidas en los artículos son entera
responsabilidad de los respectivos autores.
Dirección de Investigación Biológica - Museo Nacional de Historia Natural del Paraguay
Dirección General de Protección y Conservación de la Biodiversidad, Ministerio del Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible
111421 CDP, Central XI, San Lorenzo, PARAGUAY
: boletin.mnhnpy@gmail.com
Director del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural del Paraguay: Luis Morán Añazco
: cortitomoran@yahoo.es
Director General de Protección y Conservación de la Biodiversidad: Rafael Sosa Brizuela
Ministerio del Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible, Ministro:
César Ariel Oviedo Verdún
Revisor Especial para esta edición
Comité Asesor
Comité Editorial
Editor principal y Webmaster: Nicolás Martínez Torres. : mani404@gmail.com
Editor Asociado y diagramador: Bolívar R. Garcete-Barrett. : bolosphex@gmail.com
Editor Asistente: Sergio D. Ríos. : sergiord40@gmail.com
Editor Administrativo: Héctor S. Vera Alcaraz. : hsveraalcaraz@gmail.com
Ilustración de la portada:
Adulto y polluelo de Charadrius collaris
en la costa del arroyo Ñeembucú, cerca
BOLETÍN
BOLETÍN
–
CONTENIDO
–
Ornitología
George Hicks, Jeremy Dickens, Cristian Torres, Emma Walker, Sergio
D. Ríos, Luís Doldan, Ignasi Torre, Arne J. Lesterhuis, Hugo del Castillo,
Oscar Rodríguez & Paul Smith. The avifauna of the Paraguayan department
of Ñeembucú. [18.iv.2022]
3–54
George Hicks, Jeremy Dickens, Cristian Torres, Emma Walker,
Sergio D. Ríos, Luís Doldan, Ignasi Torre, Arne J. Lesterhuis,
Hugo del Castillo, Oscar Rodríguez & Paul Smith
THE AVIFAUNA OF THE PARAGUAYAN DEPARTMENT
OF ÑEEMBUCÚ
