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Abstract 038: Comparative Effects Of Aerobic, Resistance, And Combined Exercise On Sleep
Abstract
Introduction: Poor sleep quality is associated with high blood pressure and elevated cholesterol, and regular short sleep (<7 hours) has been found to increase the risk of cardiovascular events. The American Heart Association recommends aerobic physical activity to improve sleep, although there are limited data on the effects of other popular types of physical activity, such as resistance exercise, on sleep.
Hypothesis: We hypothesized that 1 year of aerobic, resistance, and combined aerobic and resistance exercise would significantly improve sleep compared to a no-exercise control group.
Methods: Participants were 406 inactive adults (53% women, 35-70 years) with overweight/obesity and elevated/stage 1 hypertension at high risk of cardiovascular disease. They were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups: aerobic exercise (AE) only (n=101), resistance exercise (RE) only (n=102), combined AE and RE (CE) (n=101), and no-exercise control group (CON) (n=102) for 1 year. All exercise participants performed time-matched supervised exercise 3 times/week, 60 min/session (CE performed 30 min of each AE and RE), at 50-80% of their maximum intensity. Participants completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) at baseline and 12 months, and only participants with complete baseline data on all PSQI subscales were included (n=386). Primary outcomes were the PSQI total sleep quality score (lower scores = better sleep), sleep duration (hours), sleep efficiency (time asleep/time in bed), sleep latency (time to fall asleep), and sleep disturbances (a combination of the number and frequency of disturbances). Linear mixed effects models following the intention-to-treat principle were used to determine the effects of exercise groups on 12-month changes in sleep outcomes while adjusting for age, sex, and the baseline values of each outcome.
Results: Overall, 94% of participants completed the intervention with an 83% exercise adherence rate. The PSQI total score and sleep disturbances decreased significantly in all groups, including the control group. Within groups, sleep duration increased significantly by 17 minutes in RE (p=0.005), but not in AE (p=0.73; -2 min), CE (p=0.77; -2 min), or CON (p=0.13; -11 min), among participants getting less than 7 hours of sleep at baseline (p=0.02 for between-within groups interaction). Within groups, sleep efficiency increased in RE (p=0.0005) and CE (0.03), but not in AE (p=0.97) or CON (p=0.86; p=0.04 for between-within groups interaction). Sleep latency also decreased by 3 minutes in RE (p=0.003), although the overall between-within groups interaction effect was not significant (p=0.14).
Conclusions: These results indicate that resistance exercise may have superior benefits on sleep compared to aerobic exercise, which could provide a novel pathway for the role of resistance exercise in promoting cardiovascular health.
... Further studies examining improvements in cognitive performance and brain and serum β-amyloid levels with such breathing devices are needed to prevent and potentially improve the cognitive functions of patients at various stages of AD and vascular dementia. A recent randomized controlled trial comparing aerobic, resistance, and combination exercise with no exercise concluded that resistance exercise increased patients' benefit from sleep efficiency and their cardiovascular health [320]. This study found that resistance exercise significantly improved sleep duration, efficiency, and quality as measured by the number of sleep disturbances. ...
... Another possibility is that resistance exercise results in the microscopic destruction of myofibrils within the muscle fiber, stimulating the tissue to increase signals for nutrients to repair the tissue. These signals may trigger the brain to replenish and improve sleep quality [320]. ...
Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) can be a sequela of stroke caused by vascular injury to vital respiratory centers, cerebral edema, and increased intracranial pressure of space-occupying lesions. Likewise, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) contributes to increased stroke risk through local mechanisms such as impaired ischemic cerebrovascular response and systemic effects such as promoting atherosclerosis, hypercoagulability, cardiac arrhythmias, vascular-endothelial dysfunction, and metabolic syndrome. The impact of OSA on stroke outcomes has been established, yet it receives less attention in national guidelines on stroke management than hyperglycemia and blood pressure dysregulation. Furthermore, whether untreated OSA worsens stroke outcomes is not well-described in the literature. This scoping review provides an updated investigation of the correlation between OSA and stroke, including inter-relational pathophysiology. This review also highlights the importance of OSA treatment and its role in stroke outcomes. Knowledge of pathophysiology, the inter-relationship between these common disorders, and the impact of OSA therapy on outcomes affect the clinical management of patients with acute ischemic stroke. In addition, understanding the relationship between stroke outcomes and pre-existing OSA will allow clinicians to predict outcomes while treating acute stroke.
... In addition, the resistance exercise group showed increases in sleep efficiency and decreases in sleep latency. 39 Dr Julio Fernandez-Mendoza from Pennsylvania State University examined associations of sleepdisordered breathing from childhood through young adulthood and carotid intima-media thickness using data from the Penn State Child Cohort. Sleepdisordered breathing, as measured by cumulative apnea/hypopnea index at 3 time points, was associated with greater carotid intima-media thickness in young adulthood, but the association diminished after controlling for BMI, suggesting that obesity plays an important role in the association of sleep-disordered breathing and carotid intima-media thickness in young adulthood. ...
... Disturbance is strongly linked to stress, depression, and anxiety [32], and postmenopausal women have increased tension and fatigue due to hormonal changes [33]. Health-promoting behaviors and exercise have been shown to improve sleep quality in postmenopausal women [34], and resistance exercise has been shown to improve PSQI [35]. However, research on the effect of WBE on sleep in postmenopausal women is limited. ...
PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine the effects of weight-bearing exercise on health-related physical fitness and sleep index in pre- and postmenopausal women.METHODS: Twenty middle-aged women were randomly assigned to premenopausal women (PRW; n=11) and postmenopausal women (POW; n=9) groups. All subjects engaged in weight-bearing exercises for 50 minute twice a week for 8 weeks. All participants underwent weight, body mass index (BMI), muscle mass (MM), body fat mass, body fat percentage, waist to hip ratio, bench press (BP), leg press (LP), 3-minute step test (3 MST), sit and reach test (SRT), air squat (AS), push up (PU), curl up (CU), grip strength (GS), and the Korean version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (K-PSQI) measurements before and 4 and 8 weeks after the weight-bearing exercise program.RESULTS: AS and PU improved significantly in the PRW versus POW group ( p <.05). BP, LP, 3MST, SRT, AS, PU, CU, GS, and K-PSQI improved significantly in the PRW and POW groups ( p <.05).CONCLUSIONS: Weight-bearing exercise improved health-related fitness and sleep indicators in pre- and postmenopausal women. In particular, weight-bearing exercises more effectively improved the muscle endurance of pre- versus postmenopausal women. This significant finding suggests that the fitness level and sleep quality of premenopausal women may benefit from regular weight-bearing exercise.
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