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Levin, Gil Solá 2021 - Socialt hållbar transportplanering Inspirationshandbok med exempel från forskning och praktik

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Abstract

Denna antologi behandlar frågor om planering för socialt hållbara transporter. Dels handlar det om att se transporterna som en del i ett större sammanhang som är betydelsefullt för alla medborgares tillgänglighet till utbildning, arbete, viktiga samhällsfunktioner och gemenskap. Dels handlar det om fördelning av resurser och alla medborgares möjlighet till delaktighet och inflytande över sin vardagliga mobilitet. Boken ger vägledning kring bland annat vilka kunskapsunderlag som är värdefulla för att arbeta med social hållbarhet inom transportplaneringen och hur dessa kan tas fram. Boken lyfter fram en del av det arbete som görs i Sverige idag avseende metoder för att ta fram ändamålsenliga kunskapsunderlag, samt arbetsprocesser och åtgärder för att integrera social hållbarhet i transportplaneringen. Den pekar också på en del utmaningar och framtida utvecklingsbehov. Bakgrunden till inspirationshandboken är ett forskningsprojekt finansierat av Formas, som syftat till att utveckla metoder för sociala konsekvensbedömningar (SKB) inom svensk transportplanering. Exemplen i boken kommer från flera olika håll. Totalt medverkar 16 forskare och planerare som arbetar med att utveckla kunskapsområdet. Boken riktar sig till dem som utreder, planerar och beslutar om transportinfrastruktur i Sverige och till studenter.
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... Vardagskartor, även kallat mentala kartor, är en metod som syftar till att visa på upplevelser av platser i vardagen (Levin och Gil Solá, 2021). Metoden går ut på att barnen själva får rita exempelvis deras väg till skolan, fritidsaktiviteter eller kompisar de brukar vara hos utan att använda en fysisk karta. ...
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The purpose of this study is to investigate how children’s rights and their opportunities for active travel can be met in transport and urban planning. The project includes four sub-projects: a literature study, description of methods, workshops with civil servants and interviews with actors in traffic and urban planning. Previous studies shows that children’s health and well-being are affected by the physical and social environment. A child-friendly environment promotes active travel and improves children’s health. The Convention on the Rights of the Child, which became law in Sweden 2020, requires that children are involved in decisions that affect them. Child Rights Impact Assessment (CRIA) are used to put the convention into practice, although application varies between municipalities. Clear political objectives, further training, and cooperation are crucial to ensuring that the best interests of the child are considered. Methods and tools to highlight children's interests are presented, including dialogue-based methods, place-based methods, and GIS-based tools. Dialogues with children can be time-consuming but are crucial for understanding their experiences. Place-based methods assess the qualities of physical places, while GIS tools visualize geographical data. Combining these methods provides a comprehensive picture of children's needs. Workshops with officials from three municipalities discussed these methods. Participants emphasize the importance of understanding how children use their physical space and noted that site visits can identify deficiencies in safety and traffic security. GIS methods are regarded as useful in order to obtain an overall picture of children’s needs and preferences and could be combined with other methods to identify conflict of interest. Interviews with officials and politicians showed that schools are important actors for establishing contact with children. Obstacles include a lack of resources and competence, as well as some reluctance to involve children. The Convention on the Rights of the Child supports working with children's issues, but the application of CRIA needs to be systematized. The report concludes with four recommendations to strengthen work with the child perspective: early dialogue and continuous work, competence on children's needs, anchoring decisions at all levels, and combining methods for broader insights.
... (2021) att upplevd tillgänglighet kan vara ett mer lämpligt sätt att förstå transporträttvisa än objektivt mätt tillgänglighet. Den högupplösta skalan som ofta krävs för en analys av subjektiv tillgänglighet innebär att den oftast görs för ett begränsat geografiskt område, se exempelvisLevin och Gil Solá (2021). Resultat från studier baserade på enskilda individers uppfattningar är därför oftast svåra att generalisera.Det blir enligt Pot, van Wee m.fl. ...
Technical Report
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I den här promemorian har vi strävat efter att skapa en gemensam förståelse för begreppet tillgänglighet bland transportpolitikens aktörer. Vi har kartlagt definitioner av tillgänglighet, dess komponenter och olika mått för att mäta den. Vi lämnar ett förslag till definition av tillgänglighet och hur tillgänglighetsmåtten bör användas.
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Trafikanalys har till huvuduppgift att, med utgångspunkt i de transportpolitiska målen, utvärdera och analysera samt redovisa effekter av föreslagna och genomförda åtgärder inom transportområdet. Myndigheten ska också bistå regeringen med underlag och rekommendationer. I detta arbete behövs en enhetlig begreppsapparat och en gemensam förståelse bland transportpolitikens aktörer, av hur tillgänglighet kan definieras och kvantifieras. Vi har därför försökt att bidra till en sådan gemensam förståelse genom att kartlägga och systematisera definitioner av tillgänglighet, dess ingående komponenter, och användningen av olika tillgänglighetsmått. Vi presenterar ett analytiskt konceptuellt ramverk, redovisar styrkor och svagheter för olika tillgänglighetsmått och ger några rekommendationer för deras användning. Rapporten är fokuserad på fysisk tillgänglighet, men vi pekar också på att det finns ett stort och växande behov av att beskriva så kallad virtuell tillgänglighet, som på olika sätt påverkar den fysiska. Detta behöver analyseras vidare. I diskussioner om tillgänglighet tänker de flesta på persontransporter, medan tillgänglighet för gods har en mer undanskymd roll. Till viss del går det att applicera de tillgänglighetsmått som presenterats i denna rapport även för tillgänglighet för gods, men det finns även skillnader som gör det intressant att analysera vidare. Framställningen gör inte anspråk på att vara heltäckande. I en underliggande promemoria redovisar vi en fördjupning av innehållet i denna rapport, med bland annat utökade resonemang, exempel på tillämpningar och omfattande källhänvisningar.
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