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Ethnic Claims in Iran in Terms of Justice and Development
Abstract
Abstract
The identity/ethnic diversity in Contemporary Iran has co-occurred with the development of globalization processes and brought about interethnic conflict, oriented toward identity- and justice- seeking in order to eradicate discrimination and inequality in line with achievement of social development. This is the issue that the present research has sought to investigate among the Persian, Azeri, Kurd, Arab, and Baloch in Iran. The Iranian social identities are dissatisfied with the dominance of the Persian identity elements over their fundamentals, and do not find the reduced status of Iranian historical identity in accordance with justice and development of the collective identities.
The present article is an extract from author’s recently published book2 which has adopted a hybrid qualitative approach (GT), in-depth interview surveys and tools, library documentation, and an open questionnaire in thirteen provinces to extract and classify data in the following areas: religious identity and national identity (interaction or opposition), interethnic cultural borders, ethnic and national movement dead-end, elimination of cultures, and a peace-oriented approach to resolving the crisis. Thus, a conceptual model has been obtained, shaping basic factors (economic and ideological), intervening factors (media and lifestyle), grounded factors (legal and cultural parameters and resource mismanagement), and phenomenal orientation (claim for justice and socio-political gap) and presenting strategic action (peaceful action, acceptance of the present conditions, and state-nation interaction) and its outcomes (stability and decline of social capital).
Keywords: Iran, Ethnic Identity, Iranian National Identity, Persian, Azeri, Kurd, Arab, Baloch, Development, Justice.
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When assessing task difficulty, teachers perceive, interpret, and integrate information about relevant features of the task by applying their topic-specific pedagogical content knowledge (PCK). These assumptions on the processes underlying diagnostic judgements on tasks have rarely been modeled and investigated systematically. In an experimental study, we assume two processes (identifying relevant task features and integrating information on multiple features) and predict the influence of PCK and available time on the accuracy of task judgments of 212 student teachers. The results support that PCK is required for both processes and that time pressure only affects the complex process of integrating information.
Hanuer’s Meaningful Literacy has been used as a major justification for including poetry writing as part of pedagogical practices in second and foreign language contexts. Unfortunately, within the EFL context, many teachers are still reluctant to include poetry writing in their teaching practices due to the common assumption that writing poems in a second language is too difficult for students to deal with and therefore will be out of their reach and interest. This qualitative study, which collected data through observations, documentation and surveys, investigated how 171 Indonesian EFL students successfully write their poetry books in creative writing classes. Employing an ethnographic case study approach, the findings showed that students use the following strategies in writing their English poems: (1) Using popular poem templates as idea starters; (2) Creating a vocabulary bank for writing rhyming poems; and (3) Building emotions through personal story sharing and later channeling them through poetry writing. This study concludes that EFL students could enjoy poetry writing as expressive pedagogy and thus, debunks the negative assumption related to EFL students’ lack of interest and appreciation in poetry writing. Keywords: Creative writing, English as a Foreign Language (EFL), expressive pedagogy, poetry writing, Indonesian students
Before gothic first emerged as an important fiction genre in literature in the eighteenth century, it was predominantly used in architecture in the Medieval Period, and in fine arts in the following centuries. Horace Walpole's The Castle of Otranto (1764) is considered as the earliest gothic fiction example in English Literature. Hüseyin Rahmi Gürpınar is considered as one of the pioneers of gothic fiction in Turkish Literature. Ali Rıza Seyfi Bey is another remarkable Turkish novelist who used gothic elements in his work Drakula İstanbul'da (Dracula in Istanbul, 1930). The influence of gothic fiction and its elements cannot be adequately felt in the twentieth and twenty-first-century Turkish Literature. When the gothic genre is mentioned, primarily the literary works produced in Western literature comes to mind. In this context, Lanetli Genler (Cursed Genes, 1995) written by Elif Karakaş in 1995 appears as a significant novel with gothic elements in Turkish Literature in the twentieth century. In this study, after giving some brief information about the definition of gothic as a term and its emergence in some visual arts, some brief information about the emergence of gothic fiction in English Literature and the influence of gothic fiction in Turkish Literature will be given. The main aim of this study is to focus on the effects of gothic fiction in Elif Karataş's novel Lanetli Genler, after briefly mentioning the early influences of gothic images in Turkish literature. Lanetli Genler will be studied with the reader response method, and in this work, some gothic images, such as loneliness, colours, pessimism, fear, identity conflict, pain, gloomy settings, revenge, curse, murder and some supernatural characters, such as vampire, ghosts and ghoul will be examined.
This work analyzes the efficiency of innovative activity across countries and industries. The author offers his interpretation of the concept «model of innovation development». Tools for the quantitative assessment of level of innovative development of countries and formation of the vector of economic development based on indicators grouped under the following three components were developed: labor, productivity, and cost. This study also investigates the structure of domestic expenditure on innovation in the main sectors of investment (by country). Based on the testing of the developed tools, recommendations for the innovative development of the country are offered.
Pragmatic competence is gaining more and more importance in linguistics and language teaching. This paper starts with an introduction to the concept of pragmatic competence and it moves forward to defining the concept, referring to excessive literature review done in the field. This study aims to examine the importance of the concept, particularly, to analyze the relationship between language form and language function, thereby introducing the notions of “acceptability” and “grammaticality”, and explain to what extent these terms differ and are linked at the same time. The study is also concerned about the connection between cultural competence and linguistic competence. Finally, the study is followed by the one focused on the necessity of pragmatics in teaching, which, in its turn, is accompanied by how to teach pragmatics.
Keywords: Pragmatic Competence, Linguistic Competence, Communication, Foreign Language, Language Learners
The research purpose of this paper is to empirically examine the effects of technological readiness and innovation on logistics performance. To build up and maintain an important role in global supply chains, nowadays it is obvious that countries and logistics providers need to achieve competitive advantage in terms of digitalization. However, there is a lack of empirical studies about the impacts of information technologies and innovation potential on the logistics efficiency of countries. Hence, the study analyzes whether the corresponding pillars of the Global Competitiveness Index (GCI) matter for the Logistics Performance Index (LPI) and its dimensions. For determining the effects, the pooled regression approach is applied. The results show that technological readiness and innovation are positively and statistically significantly correlated with logistics performance: competence and quality of logistics services, efficiency of customs clearance processes, ability to track and trace consignments, frequency with which shipments reach consignee within scheduled or expected time, and ease of arranging competitively priced shipments. The findings of this study suggest that investments in innovations and technology progress improve countries' logistics efficiency, which is an important prerequisite for enabling Logistics 4.0 and thus, Industry 4.0 and the digital transformation of the economy and society.
Sosyodilbilim alanında, akademik olarak özellikle son elli yılda çalışmalar ortaya konmuşsa da dilin sosyal yönü ve toplumla olan ilişkisi, insanlık tarihi kadar eskiye dayanmaktadır. Fakat Sosyodilbilim’in disiplin olarak ortaya çıkması oldukça yakın bir zaman dilimindedir. Sosyodilbilim terimi ilk olarak 1953 yılında Currie'nin bir makalesinde literatüre girmiştir. Currie makalesinde, iletişim çalışmalarının yaygınlaştırılması, diğer insanları daha iyi anlayabilmeihtiyacı ve kendi toplumları hakkında daha iyi bilgi sahibi olmaları açısından sosyoloji ve dilbilimsel çalışmaların önemini ortaya koydu. Daha sonra, Gumperz, Labov ve Hymes gibi dilbilimcilerin çalışmaları ile Sosyodilbilim zenginleşerek, sosyal yapının dilsel verilerle ifade edilmesine imkân sağladı. Konuşma ve dinleme etkileşiminde sosyolojik etmenlerin göz ardı edilmesi bir topluluğu anlamamızı güçleştirebilmekte ve bundan dolayıSosyodilbilimciler dil yoluyla insan grupları arasında bir iletişimi, bilgi ve ifade sistemini analiz ederek anlamaya çalışırlar (Tarallo, 1982). Toplum ve dil arasında geçici bir ilişki yoktur. Doğduğumuzdan beri, dilbilimsel işaretler dünyası bizi kuşatır. Sayısız iletişimsel araç ile mesajlarımızı formüle etmeye başladığımız andan itibaren Sosyodilbilimsel alana girmeye ve artık sesler, jestler ve imgelerle sosyal hayatta bir rol oynamaya başlarız. Günümüzde, çok canlı ve popüler bir çalışma alanı haline gelenSosyodilbilim’inalt alanlarının birçoğu akademik kurslar, ders kitapları, dergiler ve konferanslar ile kendi başlarına alanlar haline geldiği artık söylenebilir. Pragmatik, dil ve cinsiyet çalışmaları, pidgin ve creoleçalışmaları, dil planlama ve politika çalışmaları ile dilbilim ve azınlık çalışmaları Sosyodilbilim’in içeriğini oluşturmaktadır. Dil öğretiminde Sosyodilbilim’in önemi son zamanlarda gittikçe önem kazanmış ve bu dal birçok üniversitede seçmeli dersler arasına girmeye başlamıştır
While the deployment of technological innovation was able to avert a devastating global supply chain fallout arising from the impact of ravaging COronaVIrus Disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic, little is known about potential environmental cost of such achievement. The aim of this paper is to identify the determinants of logistics per-
formance and investigate its empirical linkages with economic and environmental indicators. We built a macro-level dataset for the top 25 ranked logistics countries from 2007 to 2018, conducting a set of panel data tests on cross-sectional dependence, stationarity and cointegration, to provide preliminary insights. Empirical estimates
from Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS), Generalized Method of Moments (GMM), and Quantile Regression (QR) model suggest that technological innovation, Human Development Index (HDI), urbanization, and trade openness significantly boost logistic performance, whereas employment and Gross Fixed Capital For-
mation (GFCF) fail to respond in such a desirable path. In turn, an increase in the Logistic Performance Index (LPI) is found to worsen economic growth. Finally, LPI exhibits a large positive effect on carbon emissions, which is congruent with a strand of the literature highlighting that the modern supply chain is far from being decar-
bonized. Thus, this evidence further suggest that more global efforts should be geared to attain a sustainable logistics.
Discussions about innovation in the organizational context were brought up between the mid 18th and 19th centuries; since then, concepts, definitions, and classifications of innovations have been created and incorporated into the academic and organizational contexts. The understanding of such concepts is fundamental for the agents involved to realize the different possibilities for the generation and management of innovation. This chapter, based on a literature review, develops a synthesis of concepts and classifications about innovation and presents a proposal for the analysis of innovative activity based on five dimensions: degree of novelty, object, focus, scope, and development. In addition, based on the assumption that universities are characterized as the most important producer of scientific knowledge in the context of innovation systems, it analyzes the modes of knowledge production and the respective role of scientific knowledge for the generation of innovation.