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Design Thinking: A Review Paper
Abstract
Design thinking is an analytic and creative process in which a person is encouraged to experiment, create and prototype models, gather feedback, and redesign. The literature has identified several characteristics (e.g., visualisation, creativity) that a good design thinker should have. Design and design thinking have been recognised as valuable contributions to business and management, and the number of higher education programmes teaching design thinking to business students, managers, and executives is increasing. Multiple definitions of design thinking, as well as a variety of perspectives, have led to some confusion about possible paths. Design, like problem solving, is a natural and widespread human activity. A design process begins with a need and discontent with the present situation, as well as a determination that something must be done to fix the problem. Many scientists, in this opinion, have been creating and behaving as designers throughout their careers, while not always being aware of or realising that they are doing so..
... Traditional methods of designing electronic services, in particular, for example, the method of orderly search [2], do not meet modern requirements for the development of IT products. The disadvantage of conventional methods, which are largely focused on mathematics, is the narrow scope of their application. ...
... The disadvantage of conventional methods, which are largely focused on mathematics, is the narrow scope of their application. In particular, the method of ordered search [2] turned out to be possible for use only when solving clearly formulated problems with unchanged initial data. The modern world, like modern design, lives and operates under conditions of a high degree of uncertainty, which predetermines higher demands on the flexibility of methods. ...
... Thus, a design mindset can be defined as a process always focused on creating a better future and finding new solutions to complex problems in various fields [6]. However, the design mindset-based methods and models described in works [2][3][4][5][6] were not applied to IT products in the environmental industry. ...
The object of research considered in this paper is the design mindset process in the development of a prototype of electronic service for assessing the environmental impact of the planned activities of business entities. The problems of applying the design mindset approach to the process of automating environmental impact assessment have been investigated. As a result of the application of the design mindset in combination with the stakeholder approach, a logical-structural scheme and architecture of the electronic service interface for different categories of users have been developed. The peculiarities of the prototype of the electronic service of environmental impact assessment (EIA ES) are to provide a common understanding of the requirements and results obtained, and convenient access to the execution of calculations. Distinctive features for the implementation of calculations in EIA ES are the quantitative obtaining of the values of indicators, which are represented by a report in the form of qualitative parameters through the use of a new algorithm. This allows business entities to perform calculations of indicators using online access at the stage of preparing the report. The developed interface design and functionality of the EIA prototype were evaluated by the expert method on a 10-point scale when making calculations for a real project. The effectiveness of the electronic service has been confirmed by the consistency of expert opinions in line with the concordation method. The estimated concordation coefficient was 0.83 and was checked for adequacy according to the Pearson criterion (20.75), which confirmed the reliability of the calculations at a significance level of 0.05. The scope of application may be environmental impact assessment of transport construction objects and gas stations. The conditions for practical use are the availability of access to the Internet and the availability of sufficient user qualifications for performing calculations.
... Define is carried out to analyse and understand various insights obtained through empathy This stage will help the designer to determine the problem formulation as the main point of view or focus of the research and process it to resolve the core problem [12]. The data analysis method used in this research is Miles and Huberman analysis, where qualitative data analysis is carried out interactively and continuously until completion [13]. ...
У сучасних умовах політичної, економічної та соціальної нестабільності українські бізнеси стикаються з численними викликами, які впливають на їх операційну діяльність та стратегічний розвиток. Непередбачуваність державного регулювання, брак кваліфікованого персоналу й економічна невизначеність створюють складний клімат для підприємців. Це змушує їх шукати нові інноваційні підходи, щоб вижити. Дизайн-мислення, яке зарекомендувало себе як ефективний інструмент на міжнародній арені, може стати одним із ключових рішень. У статті досліджено впровадження дизайн-мислення в українському бізнесі як інструменту вирішення викликів в сучасних умовах нестабільності. Вплив дизайн-мислення на створення інноваційних рішень, оптимізацію бізнес-процесів і підвищення клієнтоорієнтованості підприємств виділено як ключовий аспект дослідження. Завдяки емпіричному аналізу продемонстровано ефективність п’ятиетапної моделі дизайн-мислення, яка включає емпатію, визначення проблем, ідеацію, прототипування і тестування. Використання цієї моделі сприяє адаптації бізнесу до мінливих умов ринку, підвищуючи гнучкість компаній у прийнятті рішень, скорочуючи витрати на розробку продуктів і послуг, а також зміцнюючи конкурентоспроможність через інтеграцію інноваційних підходів. У дослідженні систематизовано ключові виклики, з якими стикається український бізнес, зокрема логістичні труднощі, фінансові обмеження, кадровий дефіцит і низьку купівельну спроможність. Надано практичні рекомендації для подолання бар'єрів, такі як залучення клієнтів до співтворення, розробка бюджетних продуктів і використання локальних рішень для оптимізації бізнес-процесів. Розкрито, що впровадження дизайн-мислення сприяє стратегічному розвитку бізнесу через інтеграцію міжнародного досвіду в український контекст. Підкреслено значення дизайн-мислення для трансформації бізнесу в умовах динамічного ринку, окреслено його роль як ефективного інструменту для інноваційного розвитку та підвищення конкурентних переваг. Аргументовано важливість цього підходу для українських підприємств.
Rapid advancements in science and technology necessitate that universities prepare students to be adaptable, flexible, and globally competitive through the mastery of design thinking. This study aims to determine the impact of differentiated learning in team-based projects (TBPj) in improving students’ design thinking mindsets. The research methodology employed was a quasi-experimental design, with a non-equivalent post-test control group. The research sample comprised Jambi University Biology Education students selected using a purposive sampling technique. Student design thinking mindset was assessed using a questionnaire consisting of 84 statements and analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U-test. The results indicated that the control class design thinking mindset score (Mdn = 321.00) was significantly lower than that of the experimental class (Mdn = 374; U = 115.500, p < 0.001, r = 0.67). Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the implementation of differentiated learning in team-based projects (TBPj) has a high impact on improving students’ design thinking mindset.
O presente trabalho propõe o desenvolvimento de um protótipo de jogo sério com temática de fazenda direcionado a crianças com Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade. O desenvolvimento foi fundamentado nos princípios da User centered Design Sprint, do modelo Experience, Dynamics and Artifacts Framework e no Design Thinking. O objetivo é entregar um protótipo que possa oferecer mecanismos lúdicos no apoio a indivíduos com desafios específicos de aprendizado e organização.
In Education 5.0, students are protagonists rather than passive listeners. Classes are more collaborative, individualized, and focused on developing hard and soft skills. New technologies are used to provide instruction that focuses on the student, not the technology. Digital devices, infrastructure, and platforms remain critical, but they are tools that should support learning. Design thinking is a method and process for finding solutions to complex problems. This publication presents a project funded by the Austrian Research Promotion Agency as part of the Innovation Labs for Education program. The focus is on the design projects of students in the field of information and communication technology. It presents the newly developed approach of the project, in which the students apply the Design Thinking process from Stanford University to their design projects, mostly in the areas of social media, web design, audio and video editing, and animation.
Abstract Only critical distancing let Godard value the premonitory potential of film, and at the same time, point out the incapacity to register the realness that it generated. The filmmaker has always believed that “film is prophetic, it predicts and announces things”, and that this condition corresponds to its essence as a record. Rancière in a lucid reading of Film History says that for Godard: “film is responsible for not filming fields in their time; great for filming them before their time and guilty for not knowing how to recognize them”. This article begins with these clear political propositions, as well as proposing some variations.
DESIGNERS HAVE TRADIIONALLY FOCUSED ON ENHANCING THE LOOK AND FUNCTIONALITY OF PRODUCTS. RECENTLY, THEY HAVE BEGUN USING DESIGN TOOLS TO TACKLE MORE COMPLEX PROBLEMS, SUCH AS FINDING WAYS TO PROVIDE LOW-COST HEALTH CARE THROUGHOUT THE WORLD. BUSINESSES WERE FIRST TO EMBRACE THIS NEW APPROACH—CALLED DESIGN THINKING—NOW NONPROFITS ARE BEGINNING TO ADOPT IT TOO.
This is the third paper in a series being published in Design Studies, which aims to establish the theoretical bases for treating design as a coherent discipline of study. The first contribution in the series was from Bruce Archer, in the very first issue of Design Studies, and the second was from Gerald Nadler, in Vol 1, No 5. Further contributions are invited.Here, Higel Cross takes up the arguments for a ‘third area’ of education—design—that were outlined by Archer. He further defines this area by contrasting it with the other two—sciences and humanities—and goes on to consider the criteria which design must satisfy to be acceptable as a part of general education. Such an acceptance must imply a reorientation from the instrumental aims of conventional design education, towards intrinsic values. These values derive from the ‘designerly ways of knowing’. Because of a common concern with these fundamental ‘ways of knowing’, both design research and design education are contributing to the development of design as a discipline.
Understanding the nature of design ability can better enable design educators to nurture its development in their students. Such understanding has been promoted by a wide variety of studies of design activity and designer behaviour. From a review of these studies, design ability is summarised as comprising resolving ill-defined problems, adopting solution-focussed cognitive strategies, employing abductive or appositional thinking and using non-verbal modelling media. These abilities are highly developed in skilled designers, but are also possessed in some degree by everyone. A case is therefore made for design ability as a fundamental form of human intelligence. The nurture of this ability through design education is discussed, with particular reference to what has been learned of the nature of design ability.
(2010) The Nature of Design
- K Dorst
Design Thinking as a Form Intelligence
- N Cross
- S Stewart
- I Staudinger
- B Paton
- A Dong