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refo-lution
Nejati, Sarra, Najafzadeh, 2021,
16
•
•
1. Phronetic Planning Research.
2.Social Mobilization.
3. Insurgent Historiographies.
4. Fortaleza. 5. Illinois.
6. Transgressive. 7. Invented Spaces.
8. Invited Spaces. 9. Counter-Hegemonic.
10. Imaginative. 11. Street Policies.
12. Slow Progression.
Reform Refolution
Revolution
14. Permanent State Of Exception
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9
Honar-Ha-Ye-Ziba-Memari-Va-Shahrsazi
In spite of existing several urban development plans in
recent decades in global south and developing countries
like Iran by applying usually instrumental rationality,
the problem of informal settlements is getting worse
and worse. Therefore, rather than analyzing the process
and implementation of urban development plans, the
hidden aspect of urban theory, power, and the eect of
that in the process of urban planning must be consid-
ered that usually is neglected by urban planners. Gray
spaces are aected by power and capital relations and
also formal-informal dualism put these spaces in a per-
manent temporariness that always make them wait to
be modied. Since power-based relations are strongly
in favor of the upper class, its living spaces are aected
by these relations and experience dierent social, eco-
nomic, environmental and physical problems. Like the
other parts of the city, gray spaces, which are also re-
ferred to by stigmas such as informal settlements and
urban decay, have urban development plans. However,
the spaces are being formed inconsistent with the rules
and standards presented in urban plans through insur-
gent planning. The present study aims to present how
gray spaces are formed through insurgent planning
not the formal procedures of spatial planning. Using
a social constructivism approach and a Foucauldian
discourse analysis, the current study identies two dis-
courses. First, the common discourse which has tried
to create invited spaces through power-knowledge.
Second, the alternative discourse that has tried to cre-
ate invented spaces through insurgent planning. To
investigate power relations and insurgent planning in
Abkooh Neighborhood, documentary studies and eld
observations are carried out. Moreover, some In-depth
Interviews are performed with urban authorities, urban
* This article is extracted from tthe rst author’s doctoral dissertation, entitled: “Explanation of the power-knowledge role in the process of
spatial planning; Case study: Abkooh neighborhood in Mashhad metropolitan” under the supervision of second and and the advisory of third
author.
** Corresponding Author: Tel/Fax: (+98-21) 29902845, E-mail: sarra@sbu.ac.ir
Insurgency Planning in Gray Spaces;
Case Study: Abkooh Neighborhood in Mashhad*
Naser Nejati
1
, Mozaar Sarra
*2
, Reza Najafzadeh
**3
1
Ph.D of Urban and Regional Planning, Department of Urban and Regional Planning and Design, Faculty of Architecture and
Urban Planning, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
2
Professor, Department of Urban and Regional Planning and Design, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning,
Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
3
Assistant professor, Department of Political Thought and Science, Faculty of Economics and Political Sciences,
Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
(Received: 5 Nov 2020, Accepted: 4 Jul 2021)
planners, and Abkooh residents. In the point of view of
Foucault power-knowledge the production of space is
not just the results of laws and formal process of urban
planning. In fact, several dierent factors such as disci-
plinary discourse, disciplinary institutions, permanent
state of exception and biopower have been aecting
the production of space. Moreover, In the common dis-
course, settlements in gray spaces are aected by power
and capital relations and they are treated as a problem
while it is considered a solution for providing aord-
able housing in alternative discourse. The results indi-
cate that in spite of dierent urban development plans
for Abkooh Neighborhood, the production of space has
been aected by insurgent planning. In other words, In
Abkooh Neighborhood in Mashhad, spaces are being
produced by insurgent planning not formal procedures
of urban planning and that is why academics and urban
planning practitioners must consider this issue. Due to
the lack of aordable housing in Abkooh, the residents
have built some housing with minimum standards, So,
urban authorities are expected to provide at least com-
munity facilities in order to improve the quality of life
in these areas. urban planners in addition to traditional
urban planning approaches that they have learned in
university, must consider power-knowledge issue in
the process of urban planning to be more ecient in
the informal process of urban planning.
Keywords
Insurgent Planning, Gray Spaces, Critical Discourse
Analysis, Power-Knowledge.