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E-Waste Recycling Technologies: An Overview, Challenges and Future Perspectives
Abstract
Recycling e-waste is a challenging process because of the complex structure of e-waste containing a diverse range of materials. Several technologies have been developed to recycle e-waste such as pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, bio-metallurgy and a combination of those. However, there are challenges associated with each method, including the requirement of a certain pre-treatments. This chapter provides a critical review of different e-waste recycling technologies including various pre-treatment steps with a particular focus on novel recycling technologies. Furthermore, it provides a comparative analysis with those of conventional technologies including recent development and challenges. A discussion is also made in this chapter on different commercial and new recycling technologies. Most importantly, viewpoints are given on the future advancement of e-waste recycling technologies. This chapter shows that a great deal of commitment and contribution by the researchers has gradually led towards the development of numerous sustainable e-waste recycling technologies globally. Based on the literature, it can be further concluded that future e-waste recycling technologies would be more eco-friendly, cost-effective and efficient by implementing an integrated recycling process accompanied by various recycling technologies.
... Managing the domestic and foreign E-waste load is challenging for developing countries (Alam et al. 2022). Still, careful consideration should be given to the financial side of E-waste management (Kumar et al. 2017;Ismail and Hanafiah 2020). ...
... An E-waste recycling unit can process raw materials, such as waste motherboards from electrical appliances, copper-covered laminates, printed circuit boards, computer and television boards, and trash processing. Prices for different raw materials vary (Alam et al. 2022;Wu et al. 2022;Moossa et al. 2023). The focus appears to be more on investments in the cost of the E-waste recycling unit than on investments in raw materials. ...
... Also, three new United Nations organizations signed the Letter of Intent at the 2019 WSIS Meeting. The coalition brings together the following organizations, the majority based in Geneva: International Telecommunication Union, International Labour Organization, International Trade Centre, United Nations Environment Programme, United Nations University, United Nations Human Settlement, World Health Organization, United Nations Institute for Training and Research, United Nations Industrial Development Organization, Secretariat of the Basel, Rotterdam and Stockholm Conventions (Mairizal et al. 2021;Alam et al. 2022;Wu et al. 2022). ...
Electronic waste (E-waste) production worldwide is increasing three times faster than the growth of the global population, and it is predicted that the total volume of E-waste will reach 74 million tonnes by 2030. United Nations warned that unless emissions of heat-trapping gases are drastically reduced, humanity will face catastrophic climate change. We created a bibliometric analysis and discussed the life cycle and techno-economic assessments of the current E-waste situation. We found trending E-waste topics, particularly those related to industrial facilities implementing a circular economy framework and improving the recycling methods of lithium-ion batteries, and this was linked to the topic of electric vehicles. Other research themes included bioleaching, hydrometallurgy, reverse logistics, heavy metal life cycle assessment, and sustainability. These topics can interest industrial factories and scientists interested in these fields. Also, throughout techno-economic assessments, we highlighted several economic and investment opportunities to benefit stakeholders from E-waste recycling. While the rate of E-waste is increasing, consumer education on the proper E-waste management strategies, a collaboration between international organizations with the industrial sector, and legislation of robust E-waste regulations may reduce the harmful effect on humans and the environment and increase the income to flourish national economies.
Subject. The study is devoted to data security issues in the disposal of electronic waste. Objectives. The focus is on the analysis of problems and world experience in ensuring user information security in the organization of electronic waste management system, according to the circular economy principles. Methods. The study rests on the content analysis of regulatory and legal documentation on electronic waste management. The information base includes standards of the Institute of Scrap Recycling Industries (ISRI), the Basel Action Network, Sustainable Electronics Recycling International (SERI), European legislation on Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE), and Russian standards for waste management. Results. So far, Russia has no regulations on data security issues when handling out-of-service electronic equipment, according to the circular economy principles. We propose to supplement Russian regulatory documents with aspects of information security, which will have positive effects on the confidentiality of data available on electronic media when recycling electronic waste. Conclusions. It is required to introduce strict State regulation of processes of handling information contained on electronic media. This will enhance the credibility of e-waste recycling companies with regard to information security.
Due to technological development and increased production efficiency in all industries, recovery of metals from secondary sources is one of the most important issues. Copper is used in a variety of residential and industrial applications, including power generation and transmission (infrastructure), building wiring, transportation, industrial machinery, commercial durables, and electrical and electronic products due to its unique physical and chemical properties, such as high ductility, malleability, electrical and thermal conductivity, and excellent corrosion resistance. For these reasons, electronic waste is a well-known secondary resource rich in copper. This topic focuses on the statistical study of electronic waste and the metals it contains, the mineralogical and elemental identification of copper in electronic waste, and the study of the steps and methods for recovering copper from electronic waste, especially pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, biohydrometallurgy, and their combination.
The main purpose of online e-waste location system is to provide nearby e-waste locations to the user. The project integrates GPS mapping with real-time data to create a user-friendly. The project not only promotes environmental sustainability by diverting e-waste from landfills but also raises awareness about the importance recycling and environmental conservation. This abstract encapsulates a user-focused approach to solving the problem of e-waste disposal by combining geospatial technology and applications, thereby contributing to a cleaner environment and a more sustainable future.
Urban mining is a part of a circular economy. One of the categories of products widely used in households is electrical and electronic equipment. There is a big variety of materials required to manufacture any electronic or electrical product. This chapter discusses the recycling potential of various categories of e-waste. The secondary raw materials for recovery are mainly ferrous, nonferrous metals, and plastics. There are also precious and rare earth metals. Efficient collection should be provided using all available methods, including stationary collection points, municipal waste collection centers, collections in containers, and on-demand collection. Properly conducted waste collections contribute to lowering emissions in transportation and saving the cost of vehicles and staff. However, it also requires education and information campaigns addressed to individuals on how to properly dispose of end-of-life equipment. In this context, the education curricula should focus on environmental hazards and health issues of improperly disposed e-waste.
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