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Évolution de la perception de la proximité, de la valeur perçue et de l’attachement dans un contexte de changement majeur.: The case of Racing 92's relocation from Yves-du-Manoir Stadium in Colombes to Paris La Défense Arena in Nanterre.
Abstract
Pourquoi les nouvelles enceintes sportives n’atteignent-elles pas les objectifs escomptés, notamment en termes de taux de remplissage ? Pour répondre à cette question, étudier le processus d’attachement au club et d’attachement au stade nous semble particulièrement porteur, notamment dans les chaînages conceptuels proximité → valeur perçue → attachement et attachement à l’ancien stade → proximité → valeur perçue → attachement au nouveau stade.Vingt-trois hypothèses sont formulées et testées auprès de 1 446 spectateurs de stade Yves-du-Manoir de Colombes, 668 spectateurs de la Paris La Défense Arena et 328 spectateurs des deux enceintes. Les résultats obtenus confirment la validité des deux chaînages conceptuels testés et offrent des pistes de réflexion managériale pour les professionnels de l’industrie du sport professionnel qui souhaiteraient améliorer le taux de remplissage de leur enceinte.
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French adaptation of Services Marketing: People, Technology, Strategy
Evidence shows that the least successful clubs have the most committed fans – why? Here, we test the “shared-dysphoria-pathway-to-fusion” (SDPF) hypothesis that fans of the least successful clubs become irrevocably “fused” to their club and to each other, as a result of sharing self- and club-defining memories of past defeats.
To assess the SDPF hypothesis, we calculated the most and least successful clubs from the UK’s top league, the Premier League, over a 10-year period. We then invited fans of these clubs to complete a survey (N = 752), comprising qualitative recollections of football events, quantitative survey measures of identity fusion and psychological kinship, and a trolley dilemma measuring willingness to sacrifice one’s self to save fellow supporters.
Our mediation model supported the SDPF hypothesis. Fans of Crystal Palace, Hull, Norwich, Sunderland, and West Bromwich Albion were more bonded and more willing to sacrifice themselves for other fans of their club than were fans of Manchester United, Arsenal, Chelsea, Liverpool or Manchester City. Across clubs, memories of past football defeats formed an essential part of fans’ self-concepts, thus fusing them to their club. Identity fusion in turn predicted a readiness to lay down one’s life to save fellow fans, and this relationship was statistically mediated by psychological kinship.
Understanding that shared suffering can lead to extreme bonding may help sports clubs and policy makers manage crowd behaviour. Clubs will benefit from tailoring brand management and fan retainment strategies to the SDPF hypothesis. In addition, these findings provide insight into the motivations of oppressed or persecuted groups, and such others fused through shared sufferings, helping us better understand and manage the psychological processes that can lead to extreme self-sacrifice.
This is the first study to show mediational support for the SDPF hypothesis in relation to football fandom. The psychological mechanism that may have once bonded embattled foraging groups in our ancestral past, now works in the modern world to unite soccer fans, among other kinds of groups, in their millions.
This paper is part of the problem of the contribution of large sports venues to the political and capitalist construction of the city. It aims to understand how the major contemporary stadiums built in public-private partnerships (PPP) are the result of a renewed standardization of urban production processes. Multi-purpose study about eleven selected stadiums, direct observation of venues, analysis of feedback from practitioners and written documentation form part of the chosen methodological framework. It reveals the contemporary features of the large stadium, gives a state of the art of the French situation and shows the complexity of instruments and sets of actors taking part of the PPP stadiums production. These elements reveal the model of the large stadium, an archetypal figure of the standardized city.
The dimensions of proximity applied to food purchases
In retailing, as in many disciplines, proximity has been a hot topic for a few years. Several studies have focused on the proximity in food purchases, applied to short food supply chains or convenience stores. Different dimensions have been identified but with sometimes different definitions or operationalizations.
The objective of this article is first to review the dimensions of proximity through a transdisciplinary research and then to analyze the dimensions used in terms of food purchases to propose a more synthetic segmentation opposing temporal proximity and timeless proximity. Temporal proximity is declined in access and functional proximity and timeless proximity in relational and similarity proximity.
Psychosoziale Folgen von Dichtigkeit
Bei Übervölkerung und enger Nachbarschaft wird das Gefühl, der Umwelt ausgeliefert zu sein, zu einem Angstfaktor für den Stadtbewohner, defensive Haltung und Ruckzug auf sich selbst zu seiner Hauptwaffe. Diese Reaktionen schwanken jedoch in Abhängigkeit von zahlreichen individuellen (sozialen wie physischen) Variablen. Eine internationale Übersicht über die Untersuchungen auf diesem Gebiet wird ergänzt durch eine in Paris durchgeführte Feldstudie.
Depuis quelques années le monde académique comme les praticiens montrent un intérêt grandissant pour le concept de proximité. Face à une littérature croissante mais confuse en raison de la diversité des approches mobilisées, cet article propose une synthèse intégrative et macro-analytique autour du concept de proximité. L’article poursuit quatre objectifs : caractériser et définir la proximité, comprendre la place occupée par ce concept dans les modèles théoriques en marketing, envisager l’intérêt managérial de la proximité, et, enfin, proposer des voies de recherche afin d’approfondir la compréhension du concept de proximité dans le champ du marketing.
Résumé
Bénigne, la pédiculose préoccupe néanmoins les parents qui n’arrivent pas toujours à éradiquer le problème. L’équipe officinale doit leur expliquer le cycle du pou, les mesures de prévention à mettre en place ainsi que les modalités d’utilisation des différents produits. Une information complète est la garantie d’un traitement bien conduit au bénéfice de la collectivité.
This is the first paper in a series of two that synthesizes, compares, and extends methods for causal inference with longitudinal panel data in a structural equation modeling (SEM) framework. Starting with a cross-lagged approach, this paper builds a general cross-lagged panel model (GCLM) with parameters to account for stable factors while increasing the range of dynamic processes that can be modeled. We illustrate the GCLM by examining the relationship between national income and subjective well-being (SWB), showing how to examine hypotheses about short-run (via Granger-Sims tests) versus long-run effects (via impulse responses). When controlling for stable factors, we find no short-run or long-run effects among these variables, showing national SWB to be relatively stable, whereas income is less so. Our second paper addresses the differences between the GCLM and other methods. Online Supplementary Materials offer an Excel file automating GCLM input for Mplus (with an example also for Lavaan in R) and analyses using additional data sets and all program input/output. We also offer an introductory GCLM presentation at https://youtu.be/tHnnaRNPbXs. We conclude with a discussion of issues surrounding causal inference.
This research focuses on the persuasive impact of a common yet understudied form of word of mouth (WOM): one-on-one conversations in which consumers share and compare past experiences with a product or service. In contrast to prior work on WOM influence, we discover a "positivity effect" in these conversations, such that consumers who share a negative experience form more favorable overall judgments after speaking with someone who had a positive experience, but consumers who share a positive experience are unaffected by learning about another's negative experience. This effect is mediated by consumers' dismissal of their own negative experience as a temporary or one-offevent in light of the other person's contrasting positive experience, and is facilitated by positive consumer expectations of product and service performance. We also identify a key boundary condition whereby the positivity effect of one-on-one conversations is moderated by whether consumers have positive or negative expectations of product or service performance. When expectations are negative, the positivity effect is dampened and a negativity effect emerges. © The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Journal of Consumer Research, Inc. All rights reserved.
Although a considerable amount of research in personality psychology has been done to conceptualize human personality, identify the “Big Five” dimensions, and explore the meaning of each dimension, no parallel research has been conducted in consumer behavior on brand personality. Consequently, an understanding of the symbolic use of brands has been limited in the consumer behavior literature. In this research, the author develops a theoretical framework of the brand personality construct by determining the number and nature of dimensions of brand personality (Sincerity, Excitement, Competence, Sophistication, and Ruggedness). To measure the five brand personality dimensions, a reliable, valid, and generalizable measurement scale is created. Finally, theoretical and practical implications regarding the symbolic use of brands are discussed.
The authors report a study of the effects of price, brand, and store information on buyers’ perceptions of product quality and value, as well as their willingness to buy. Hypotheses are derived from a conceptual model positing the effects of extrinsic cues (price, brand name, and store name) on buyers’ perceptions and purchase intentions. Moreover, the design of the experiment allows additional analyses on the relative differential effects of price, brand name, and store name on the three dependent variables. Results indicate that price had a positive effect on perceived quality, but a negative effect on perceived value and willingness to buy. Favorable brand and store information positively influenced perceptions of quality and value, and subjects’ willingness to buy. The major findings are discussed and directions for future research are suggested.
Four fundamental issues serve to establish the identity of the field of marketing, distinguish it from other fields and disciplines, and compel further research inquiry. These issues ask (1) How do customers and consumers really behave? (2) How do markets function and evolve? (3) How do firms relate to their markets? and (4) What are the contributions of marketing to organizational performance and societal welfare? These issues also serve as the organizing framework for this special issue
Although the questions posed by these fundamental issues are durable, new answers will need to be sought to accommodate the following trends and disruptions that are shaping the direction of marketing: (1) the connected knowledge economy; (2) globalizing, converging, and consolidating industries; (3) fragmenting and frictionless markets; (4) empowered customers and consumers; and (5) adaptive organizations. These new directions challenge academic marketing to provide meaningful measures, inferences, and calibration; understand functional interfaces; and rethink the role of theory.
The authors explore the implications of considering a brand as representing a category consisting of its products. They report results of a laboratory experiment in which response times and verbal protocols were used to examine processes related to the evaluation of brand extensions. Evaluations of brand extensions were influenced both by the extension's similarity to the brand's current products (brand extension typicality) and by the variation among a brand's current products (brand breadth). An inverted U describes the relationship between brand extension typicality and evaluation process measures. Moderately typical extensions were evaluated in a more piecemeal and less global way than were either extremely typical or extremely atypical extensions. Subjects’ attitudes toward brand extensions were correlated highly with their ratings of brand extension typicality.
The authors integrate previous research that has investigated experimentally the influence of price, brand name, and/or store name on buyers’ evaluations of product quality. The meta-analysis suggests that, for consumer products, the relationships between price and perceived quality and between brand name and perceived quality are positive and statistically significant. However, the positive effect of store name on perceived quality is small and not statistically significant. Further, the type of experimental design and the strength of the price manipulation are shown to significantly influence the observed effect of price on perceived quality.
Two studies were conducted to obtain insights on how consumers form attitudes toward brand extensions, (i.e., use of an established brand name to enter a new product category). In one study, reactions to 20 brand extension concepts involving six well-known brand names were examined. Attitude toward the extension was higher when (1) there was both a perception of “fit” between the two product classes along one of three dimensions and a perception of high quality for the original brand or (2) the extension was not regarded as too easy to make. A second study examined the effectiveness of different positioning strategies for extensions. The experimental findings show that potentially negative associations can be neutralized more effectively by elaborating on the attributes of the brand extension than by reminding consumers of the positive associations with the original brand.