... The region is situated on the ecotone border of the Irano-Turanian (IT) and Saharo-Sindian (SS) regions, with a maximum elevation of 2111 meters and an average annual rainfall of 102 mm. (Yousefi, 2006;Zhu et al., 2019 Ceballos et al., 1998;Crosby, 1994;Jetz et al., 2004;Linder, 2001;Myers et al., 2000 Komarov, 1968Komarov, -2001 اﯾﺮان ﻓﻠﻮر ،( ) Assadi et al., 1989Assadi et al., -2023 ،( ﻓﻠﻮر اروﭘـﺎ ) Tutin et al., 1964Tutin et al., -1980 ( ، ﻓﻠﻮر ﻋﺮاق ) Townsend et al., 1966Townsend et al., -1980 ،( ﻓﻠﻮر ﺗﺮﮐﯿﻪ ) Davis, 1965Davis, -1988 ( ، ﻓﻠﻮر ـﺮق ﺷ ) Boissier, 1984Boissier, -1988 ﻓﻠﻮر ،( ; Ezazi et al., 2014 ;Breckle, 2007Ghahremaninejad et al., 2012a, 2012bGhahremaninejad et al., 2017;Leonard, 1989 Abbasi et al., 2012;Aliabadi, 1997Aliabadi, , 2019Eftekharnejad, 1980;Ghasempour et al., 2011;Sotoodeh et al., 2022;Stocklin, 1968 1989Leonard, 1988Takhtajan, 1986;Zohary, 1973 ...