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Ethnomedicinal Plants Used for Treatment of Urolithiasis in India: A Review
Current Traditional Medicine
Abstract
Background
The kidney stone is the most commonly observed and painful disease of the urinary tract in human being. Numerous intrinsic and extrinsic factors are responsible for the formation of kidney stone, for instance, age, sex, heredity (intrinsic factors) and climate, dietary, geography, mineral composition, and water intake (extrinsic factors). The kidney stones are categorized into calcium, struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate, uric acid or urate, cystine and other types of stones based on chemical composition and pathogenesis. Due to the multifactorial nature of kidney stone disease, the patient may need to rely on complex synthetic medication. However, in ancient Indian history, there are several pieces of evidence where natural resources such as plants were used to remediation this lethal disease.
Objective
The present review attempts to provide exhaustive information of ethnomedicinal and ethnopharmacological information of medicinal plants used for kidney stone in India.
Result
Hitherto, there are a total of 258 ethnomedicinal plants from 90 different families reported using for kidney stone application. The majority of the plant species are associated with three important families: Asteraceae, Amaranthaceae, and Fabaceae. Most of the plants are from Andhra Pradesh (43 plants), followed by East Bengal (38), Jammu & Kashmir (36), Uttarakhand (31), Panjab (27), Mizoram (23), Karnataka (20), Maharashtra (20) and Assam (18). The commonly used plant parts for the herbal preparation are roots (21.22 %) followed by leaves/leaf (20.15 %), and sometimes complete plant (17.77 %) is used. The most commonly used method for the formulation is decoction (46.41 %) followed by powder (18.66 %) and then extracts (15.78 %) of different aerial and non-aerial parts of the plant. To date, the in-vitro and in-vivo activities against the kidney stone assessed for more than sixty ethnomedicinal plants.
Conclusion
The present review epitomizes the ethnomedicinal information of medicinal plants used for kidney stone and pharmacological evidence for anti-urolithiasis activity. Most reported medicinal plants are not yet scientifically explored and need immediate attention before we lose some important species due to excessive deforestation for farming and industrial needs.
... Thực vật và các hợp chất tự nhiên của chúng đã được chứng minh có tiềm năng để điều trị sỏi niệu, giảm nguy cơ tái phát sỏi thận và ảnh hưởng đến sự hình thành và phát triển của các tinh thể [5], [6]. Một số loại dược liệu và các hợp chất tự nhiên đã được ứng dụng thành công cho những mục đích này. ...
Tác dụng của các hợp chất có hoạt tính sinh học trong thực vật được thể hiện dựa trên khả năng chống oxy hóa, giúp giảm thiểu tác hại gây ra bởi các gốc tự do sinh ra từ quá trình hình thành và phát triển sỏi niệu. Chiết xuất diệp hạ châu chứa một lượng lớn chất chống oxy hóa có thể đóng vai trò quan trọng trong việc hấp phụ và trung hòa các gốc tự do. Hoạt tính chống oxy hóa này phần lớn có thể là do thành phần phenolic và flavonoid có chứa trong thực vật với hàm lượng lần lượt là 438,13±16,37 (mg GAE/g cao chiết) và 157,10±1,31 (mg QE/g cao chiết). Khả năng kháng oxy hóa được đánh giá qua 4 phương pháp DPPH, ABTS, RP, TAC với giá trị EC50 lần lượt là 129,74±3,05; 82,35±1,25; 196,03±6,66 và 40,32±2,78 µg/mL. Cao chiết diệp hạ châu giúp giảm biến tính protein albumin huyết thanh bò với IC50 là 1,52±0,28 mg/mL, thấp hơn 7,24 lần so với chất chuẩn diclofenac (0,21± 0,08 mg/mL). Sự tạo mầm của tinh thể calcium oxalate bị ức chế bởi chiết xuất từ diêp hạ châu với IC50 là 4,74±0,31 mg/mL. Những kết quả này cho thấy diệp hạ châu có thể xem là một dược liệu tiềm năng để điều trị sỏi tiết niệu.
... In most cases, medicinal plants are cheap, and are considered to be safe alternative. Multiple plants have been evaluated recently for their antiurolithiatic efficacy [11,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. Cucurbitaceae family has been reported for its efficacy against urolithiasis [24,25]. ...
Cucumis callosus dry fruits are traditionally used as folk remedy to treat conditions like urethral irritations, urine stoppage or dribbling and other urinary ailments of man in north-west India. But no study is reported to validate this ethnic practice of using Cucumis fruit in urolithiasis. To evaluate anti-urolithiatic potential of Cucumis, hyperoxaluria was induced in rats by supplying 0.75% ethylene glycol (EG) + 1% ammonium chloride (AC) in drinking water for 14 days. Anti-urolithiatic activity of Cucumis callosus hydro-ethanolic extract (CCHEE) was assessed by measuring blood and urine biochemical parameters, oxidative stress indices, histopathology and osteopontin (OPN) expression. Administration of EG-AC to rats caused hyperoxaluria, crystalluria, azotaemia, oxidant/antioxidant imbalance (increase in lipid peroxidation (LPO), and decrease in glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT)), up-regulation of OPN and calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystal deposition in kidney. Treatment of afflicted rats with Cucumis fruits extract restored renal function to a great extent (CCHEE group), testified by improvement of stated parameters. Findings demonstrate curative efficacy of Cucumis fruit extract in EG induced urolithiasis of rats. The restoration of renal function was possibly by regulating renal stone formation via reducing urinary oxalate excretion, correcting oxidant/antioxidant imbalances, and reduced expression of OPN. Hence, results of this study validate the ethnic practice of using Cucumis fruit and conclude that fruit extracts have beneficial effects on CaOx urolithiasis and renal function.
Devadanapatti block on the outskirts of Kodaikanal is a valuable area for ethnobotanical research. This area is home to someone with valuable ethnomedical knowledge still being sought. This research may lead to the development of designs and the establishment of the pharmaceutical industry. This study aims to fill the gap in ethnobotanical research on the use of medicinal plants by rural people of Devadanapatti block on the outskirts of Kodaikanal in Periyakulam Taluka of Theni district. This study involves ethnobotanical research in various villages to document the traditional knowledge used by the rural people and tribals. It also includes collecting and identifying medicinal herbs, describing diseases, writing down different types of treatments, and how to prepare medicines.
Metabolic causes such as hypercalciuria, urinary tract infection, and obstruction are the most common aetiologies of urolithiasis, and drugs, although important in this regard, are rarely the cause of urolithiasis. Administration of one of these drugs, ceftriaxone (CTX), has been associated with biliary pseudolithiasis in adult and paediatric patients, and rarely may cause urolithiasis. Several factors, including drug concentration and incubation time, are very important for determining the degree of CTX/calcium (Ca) crystallisation in the urine. According to this data, CTX crystallisation was a dose and time-dependent reaction. It is particularly important to monitor patients on high-dose long-term CTX treatment with the urinary Ca to creatinine ratios, ultrasound sonography, and renal function testing, as these individuals may be at greater risk of large stones and renal damage. This type of screening may help prevent permanent complications in the future. This underlying review will help to educate readers on the pathophysiology and interaction between CTX and urolithiasis.
Jharkhand is rich in biodiversity of medicinal plants. The forest area is about 40% of the total area of Jharkhand. 32 tribal communities found in Jharkhand. They are used medicinal plants by traditional knowledge. Traditional medicinal practioners known as vaidays or kavirajas from the primary health care provider in rural Jharkhand. The objective of this present study was to conduct a value addition survey amongst tribal of Hazaribagh and around the district of Jharkhand. Knowledge about to conserve these natural resources is very important. If all the people know about our natural resources & its important in our life by training or another sources than save it for value addition. If one sps. save per people by conserve it for value addition than disease free nature obtained. Information on 95 plants sps was obtained which were used by tribal vaidyas to treat various ailments given the table 1. These medicinal plants belong to 95 genera and 51 families. All plants were grown or cultivated in home steads or fields as ornamental plant, shade giving plants ,timber yielding plants, home construction plants ,medicinal plants ,vegetable ,fruits etc. The various plant part used included whole plants, leaves ,stems,roots,tuber,barks,flower,fruits,&seeds. Traditional and ethnic knowledge generated from such leads has played most significant role in the discovery of novel product as well as newer ideas about conservation of natural resources. This paper deals the biodiversity of plant which is used by tribals in Hazaribagh Jharkhand.
Traditional medicinal system such as Unani, Ayurveda and Siddha played an important role for various aliments of rural people in India. A major part of the total population in our countries still uses traditional folk medicine obtained from plant resources. Drugs obtained from plant are believed to be much safer and exhibit a remarkable efficacy in the treatment of various aliments. The state West Bengal shows rich diversity in medicinal plants in which the rural Murshidabad district is an important source of traditional medicinal plants. An ethno-medicinal study was undertaken in different villages of various blocks in this district and data were obtained from tribal people, Vaidyas, Ojhas, local herbal drug sellers. There are 52 species of medicinal plants belongs to 39 families, 51 genera for the treatment of different diseases. To cure various diseases local traditional healers were using leaves most commonly followed by roots tuber, bark, whole plant, latex, fruits and seeds. The plants were used for skin diseases, wound healing, eye infection, migraine, could and cough, throat infection, fever, digestive problem , diarrhea, dysentery, piles, hypertension, heart weakness, diabetes, sexual diseases, anemia, jaundice, intestinal worms, tooth ache, hair fall and dandruff, muscular-joint pain, bone fracture and notably one for kidney and gall bladder stone.
An ethnobotanical survey was carried out on the use of medicinal plants in Satpuda region of Dhule and Jalgaon districts of Maharashtra. The information was gathered from Pawara, Bhil and Pardhi tribes using an integrated approach of botanical collections, group discussions and interviews with questionnaire during 2004-2005. Among 50 informants interviewed, 8 were tribal practitioners. A total of 67 medicinal plant species distributed in 37 families are documented. In most of the cases, fresh part of the plant was used for the preparation of medicine. These tribal people still depend on the medicinal plants to cure their diseases and disorders in Satpuda forest region. The documented ethnomedicinal plants were mostly used to cure wound infections, skin infections, stomachache, fever, cough, diabetes, diuretics, diarrhoea, eye infections and general weakness.
The Talassemtane National Park (PNTLS) represents a significant biome for flora diversity in Morocco and North Africa. Based on its floristic richness and on the rural lifestyle of its population, we hypothesize that the inhabitants of the park hold a substantial knowledge of medicinal plants. The Apiaceae is one of the 20
largest plant families, and one with the significant higher proportion of medicinal plants. The aim of this study is to deepen the knowledge on the traditional medicinal uses in Morocco within this family. A three year survey (2014�2017) was conducted following ethnobotanical field-research methods. We identified 31 taxa (species and subspecies) belonging to 16 genera. With a total of 1430 use reports, we have identified 72 medicinal uses to treat 48 conditions or symptoms classified into 15 pathological groups according to the
international classification of primary care (ICPC). Highlighted ones are D-digestive system (32% of uses), A-general (12%), S-cutaneous (11%) and U-urological (8%). The most common mode of administration is oral (78%) and the majority of remedies are prepared as a decoction (55%). Original data were found on the medicinal
use of several species of genus Eryngium, Stoibrax, Elaeoselinum, Torilis and Apium, which were not previously reported in other territories in Morocco.
Background:
Health system planning requires careful assessment of chronic kidney disease (CKD) epidemiology, but data for morbidity and mortality of this disease are scarce or non-existent in many countries. We estimated the global, regional, and national burden of CKD, as well as the burden of cardiovascular disease and gout attributable to impaired kidney function, for the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017. We use the term CKD to refer to the morbidity and mortality that can be directly attributed to all stages of CKD, and we use the term impaired kidney function to refer to the additional risk of CKD from cardiovascular disease and gout.
Methods:
The main data sources we used were published literature, vital registration systems, end-stage kidney disease registries, and household surveys. Estimates of CKD burden were produced using a Cause of Death Ensemble model and a Bayesian meta-regression analytical tool, and included incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability, mortality, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). A comparative risk assessment approach was used to estimate the proportion of cardiovascular diseases and gout burden attributable to impaired kidney function.
Findings:
Globally, in 2017, 1·2 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 1·2 to 1·3) people died from CKD. The global all-age mortality rate from CKD increased 41·5% (95% UI 35·2 to 46·5) between 1990 and 2017, although there was no significant change in the age-standardised mortality rate (2·8%, -1·5 to 6·3). In 2017, 697·5 million (95% UI 649·2 to 752·0) cases of all-stage CKD were recorded, for a global prevalence of 9·1% (8·5 to 9·8). The global all-age prevalence of CKD increased 29·3% (95% UI 26·4 to 32·6) since 1990, whereas the age-standardised prevalence remained stable (1·2%, -1·1 to 3·5). CKD resulted in 35·8 million (95% UI 33·7 to 38·0) DALYs in 2017, with diabetic nephropathy accounting for almost a third of DALYs. Most of the burden of CKD was concentrated in the three lowest quintiles of Socio-demographic Index (SDI). In several regions, particularly Oceania, sub-Saharan Africa, and Latin America, the burden of CKD was much higher than expected for the level of development, whereas the disease burden in western, eastern, and central sub-Saharan Africa, east Asia, south Asia, central and eastern Europe, Australasia, and western Europe was lower than expected. 1·4 million (95% UI 1·2 to 1·6) cardiovascular disease-related deaths and 25·3 million (22·2 to 28·9) cardiovascular disease DALYs were attributable to impaired kidney function.
Interpretation:
Kidney disease has a major effect on global health, both as a direct cause of global morbidity and mortality and as an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. CKD is largely preventable and treatable and deserves greater attention in global health policy decision making, particularly in locations with low and middle SDI.
Funding:
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
The field of medical ethnobotany has historically contributed to the advancement of modern pharmaceutical and biomedical science through bringing discoveries from the field into the laboratory. In ethnopharmacology, a sub-field of ethnobotany, there is a concerning lack of ethnographic methods reported in the literature. The ethnographic approach is essential for detailing traditional methods of preparation and administration of plant medicines, yet pharmaceutical researchers overemphasize western epistemologies of medicinal discovery and production. In the present work, we propose an ethnopharmaceutical survey as a model to investigate the culturally recognized standards necessary for the formulation of herbal medicines. Fieldwork based on participant observation and semi-structured interviews examined the modes of preparation employed by traditional healers in the Amazonian region of San Martín, Peru. The authors draw on anthropological insight into plural epistemological encounters and propose an ethnopharmaceutical approach that takes seriously the Amazonian methods and perceptions for the preparation of traditional plant medicines.
Traditional livestock husbandry is of great socio-economic importance for farmers and pastoral populations in Burkina Faso in general and in particular, those in the Southwestern region. The aim of our study is to inventory medicinal plants in cattle husbandry in the Poni province. Methodology consisted of semi-structured interviews; individual conversations with local specialists in the use of local plants. A total of 120 informants were interviewed (60 specialists, 60 non-specialist farmers) across three sites (Bouroum–Bouroum, Loropéni and Kampti) where a community based cattle breeding program has taken place. The results showed that 26 medicinal plants for veterinary use, distributed across 23 genera and 15 families were well known. In total, 9 important cattle diseases for which medicinal plants are used have been recorded. The most frequent diseases reported were foot and mouth disease (22%) and animal trypanosomosis (21%). Among the six (06) modes of preparation recorded for disease treatment, decoction was the most used (62%). Statistical analyses revealed a significant difference between men and women (p = 0.002) with medicinal plant knowledge. Men know more medicinal plants than women do. The results have indicated a disparity of medicinal plant knowledge according to age classes. The results also revealed a significant difference (p = 0.028) of plants recognised by seven ethnic groups. Knowledge of different medicinal plants for veterinary use among the ethnic groups was influenced by the family income source and the main activity. The informant consensus factor (0.5) showed that all the informants agreed on the importance of medicinal plant conservation. Promoting the veterinary use of the plants recorded in this study could be a key to their conservation.
Modern treatment interventions for kidney stones are wrought with side-effects, hence the need for alternative therapies such as plant-based medicines. We have previously documented through in vitro studies that statistically optimized aqueous extract of Tribulus terrestris (Zygophyllaceae family) possesses antiurolithic and antioxidant potential. This provides strong scientific foundation to conduct in vivo efficacy and preclinical safety studies to corroborate and lend further proof to its ability to prevent and cure kidney stones. The preventive and curative urolithiatic efficacy in experimentally induced nephrolithiatic Wistar rats, along with preclinical toxicity was evaluated following oral administration of statistically optimized aqueous extract of T. terrestris. Treatment showed augmented renal function, restoration of normal renal architecture and increase in body weight. Microscopic analysis of urine revealed excretion of small sized urinary crystals, demonstrating that treatment potentially modulated the morphology of renal stones. Tissue enzymatic estimation affirmed the antioxidant efficacy of treatment with reduced free radical generation. Significant upregulation of p38MAPK at both the gene and protein level was noted in hyperoxaluric group and interestingly treatment reversed it. Acute oral toxicity study established the Median Lethal Dose (LD50) to be greater than 2000 mg/kg body weight (b.wt.) No observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) by repeated oral toxicity for 28 days at 750 mg/kg b.wt. was noted. This study lends scientific evidence to the safe, preventive and curative potential of statistically optimized aqueous extract of T. terrestris at a dose of 750 mg/kg b.wt. and suggests that the extract shows promise as a therapeutic antiurolithic agent.
Objective
This study was designed to evaluate the effect of plant extracts used in traditional medicine on the dissolution of three types of kidney stones.
Subjects and methods
Kidney calculi of cystine; uric acid and pure carbapatite were incubated in vitro during 6 weeks in the presence of three of plant extracts and of 0.9% NaCl solution used as control. An extract of each plant was prepared by infusion of three grams of powdered plants during 30 min in 100 mL of a boiled NaCl 0.9% aqueous solution. Each extract was then filtered and thereafter set in a flask containing a stones. At the end of each week the stone was removed from the experimental medium and weighted after a 18 h drying at 40 °C.
Results
After 6 weeks of experiment and with in vitro study, we are observed that the aqueous extract of the seeds of Trigonella foenum-graecum has a better effect on dissolution of cystine and carbapatite stones (p < 0.05), with mass loss of 94 mg and 73 mg respectively at the end of experiment. While with NaCl solution, the mass was small.
Conclusion
Our experiment failed to demonstrate a significant effect of the tested plant extracts to dissolve three types stones in vitro. However, we observed that only the extract of the seeds of T. foenum-graecum has a better effect on dissolution of cystine and carbapatite stones probably resulting from formation of complexes between stones and polyphenols or flavonoids present in the extracts.
Medicinal species are in Georgia on different places. These species are on High Mountainat 2700 meters and some are at 20 meters above the Black Sea. Synonyms by some authors are in species and genes. Medicinal species are on month of the year and some species are in these periods: January – Galanthus L. (Amaryllidaceae); February - Viola L. (Violaceae); March – Gagea Salisb. (Liliaceae); April - Pulsatilla Hill Ranunculaceae); May - Daphne L. (Thymelaeaceae); June – Rhododendron L. (Ericaceae); July – DigitalisL. (Scrophulariaceae); August – Scorzonera L. (Asteraceae); September: Colchicum L. (Liliaceae); October – Gentiana L. (Gentianaceae); November –Crocus L. (Iridaceae); December – Taxus L. (Taxaceae). All species has vitamins: A, B1, B2, B6, B9, B12, C, D, E, K, PP. Medicinal uses are antispasmodic; anodyne; antispasmodic; aphrodisiac; appetizer; cancer; cardiotonic; carminative; diaphoretic; emmenagogue; expectorant; homeopathy; narcotic; purgative;sedative; stimulant.We have checked information on general distribution of species and their rarity in other regions of Georgia, Caucasus or in the world in two herbaria. The general objective of the proposed project is to improve the livelihood and health of rural communities through the conservation, management, and sustainable use of medicinal and herbal plants for human and livestock needs in specific areas while ensuring effective protection of threatened species, habitats and ecosystems. Thisis determined bythelow lab our costs in opposite to alternative cultivation of medicinal plants, which needs highin home gardenstechnology and long time before plantings will bringincome to owners.The programmer is for conservation of medicinal plants
Objective: We investigated and compared the effects of taraxasterol, aqueous extract of T. officinale (AET) aerial part, and potassium citrate (PC) on calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystallization in vitro.
Materials and methods: CaOx crystallization was induced by adding sodium oxalate to synthetic urine. Taraxasterol (2.5, 5, 7.5 and 12.5 μg/mL), extract (1, 2, 4 and 8 mg/mL), and PC (100, 150, 200 and 350 mg/mL) were subjected to anti-crystallization activities. The absorbance and %inhibition of nucleation of CaOx crystals were evaluated by spectrophotometer at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 min and the number and morphology of crystals were studied by light microscopy after 60 min.
Results: Presence of taraxasterol, extract and PC decreased absorbance in experimental samples compared to control, significantly. The nucleation of crystals is inhibited by taraxasterol, extract, and PC (26–64, 55–63 and 60–70%, respectively). The number of CaOx crystals were decreased in presence of taraxasterol (p < .01), extract (p < .001), and PC (p < .001) in a dose-dependent manner. Presence of taraxasterol, extract, and PC decreased the number of CaC2O4 monohydrate, while increased CaC2O4 dihydrate crystals, significantly. Also, the diameter of CaC2O4 dihydrate crystals was decreased in presence of taraxasterol, extract and PC, significantly.
Conclusions: This research indicated that taraxasterol and extract have anti-crystallization activities and effectiveness of the extract is more potent than taraxasterol. It could be because of another constituent in the extract with the synergistic effect.
Medicinal plants are old as human society for treatment, prevention or mitigation of diseases. Murraya koenigii (M. koenigii) is commonly known as curry plant, used in treatment or prevention of many diseases including kidney stone. The objective of this research was in vitro study on inhibition of calcium oxalate crystallization through titrimetric method. The results showed that greater inhibitory activity of M. Koenigii was found at 48 mg/ml (61.26%) while cystone showed maximum activity at 446 mg/ml (70.18%). Inhibitory activity of M. koenigii was concentration dependent manner which indicates the decrease of stone forming constituents. This activity of M. koenigii might be due to presence of secondary metabolites such as saponins and other phytoconstituents. Thus, it supports the knowledge of ethnomedicine in some tribes for prevention of kidney stone. And, in vivo study and chemical characterization of M. koenigii could be new candidate for treatment of kidney stone diseases in future.
Kidney stone disease is a crystal concretion formed usually within the kidneys. It is an increasing urological disorder of human health, affecting about 12% of the world population. It has been associated with an increased risk of end-stage renal failure. The etiology of kidney stone is multifactorial. The most common type of kidney stone is calcium oxalate formed at Randall’s plaque on the renal papillary surfaces. The mechanism of stone formation is a complex process which results from several physicochemical events including supersaturation, nucleation, growth, aggregation, and retention of urinary stone constituents within tubular cells. These steps are modulated by an imbalance between factors that promote or inhibit urinary crystallization. It is also noted that cellular injury promotes retention of particles on renal papillary surfaces. The exposure of renal epithelial cells to oxalate causes a signaling cascade which leads to apoptosis by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. Currently, there is no satisfactory drug to cure and/or prevent kidney stone recurrences. Thus, further understanding of the pathophysiology of kidney stone formation is a research area to manage urolithiasis using new drugs. Therefore, this review has intended to provide a compiled up-to-date information on kidney stone etiology, pathogenesis, and prevention approaches.
Objective: Urolithiasis is a common problem of various centuries with high recurrence. The present review is an attempt to share traditionally used antiurolithiatic plants with their mechanism of action. Chemical principles from herbal sources have become much simpler and have contributed significantly to the development of new drugs from medicinal plants. Urolithiasis is a common disorder expected to occur in approximately 12% of the population, with a recurrence rate of 70-81% in males, and 47-60% in females. It causes serious health problems such as severe pain, urinary tract obstruction and infection that adversely affect well-being of individuals. Treatment option includes like surgical, ureteroscopy, percutaneous nephrostolithotomy (PCNL), and open or laparoscopic stone removal which are costly and painful. Many synthetic drugs used like diuretics and narcotic analgesics are being used in treatment of kidney stone but overuse of synthetic drugs, which produce higher incidence of adverse drug effect, have forced humans to return to nature for safe remedies herbal treatment. Conclusion: The present review covered all the information about litholytic medicinal plants. The use of herbal remedies for prevention and cure of ailments is of increasing interest due to the superiority and efficiency of activity provided by natural constituents in herbs and undesirable effects of modern medicine. Evidences prove that natural therapy is more valuable than other available treatments, with lesser side effects, economic nature, no risk of long term fertility and reoccurrence. We covered all potent indigenous herbs which are used in treatment of urolithiasis disease. This review will give the opportunities for the future research and for the development of new antiurolithiatic compounds.
Snakes have fascinated humankind for millennia. Snakebites are a serious medical, social,
and economic problem that are experienced worldwide; however, they are most serious in
tropical and subtropical countries. The reasons for this are 1) the presence of more species
of the most dangerous snakes, 2) the inaccessibility of immediate medical treatment, and 3)
poor health care. The goal of this study was to collect information concerning rare, less utilized,
and less studied medicinal plants. More than 100 plants were found to have potential
to be utilized as anti-snake venom across India. Data accumulated from a variety of literature
sources revealed useful plant families, the parts of plants used, and how to utilize
them. In India, there are over 520 plant species, belonging to approximately 122 families,
which could be useful in the management of snakebites. This study was conducted
to encourage researchers to create herbal antidotes, which will counteract snake venom.
These may prove to be an inexpensive and easily assessable alternative, which would be
of immense importance to society. Plants from families such as Acanthaceae, Arecaceae,
Apocynaceae, Caesalpiniaceae, Asteraceae, Cucurbitaceae, Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Lamiaceae,
Rubiaceae, and Zingiberaceae are the most useful. In India, experts of folklore are
using herbs either single or in combination with others.
The tribal population of Dhenkanal district has traditionally depended on folk medicinal healers for treatment of their ailments. These tribal healers use medicinal plants as their primary source of medicinal formulations. Various tribal rich forest pockets of the district were identified and field trips were conducted at regular intervals in different seasons. Tribal uses of plants were studied in situ by establishing close intimacy with the tribal healers. During the survey 315 plant species belonging to 295 genera and 75 families have been collected, critically studied, identified and incorporated in the Herbarium. But UTIs-related ethno-medicinal data when analyzed was found to be from 26 species. Though 265 ethnobotanical notings were made from 25 tribes of the district during the present field work, only 26 are found to be interesting and useful against urinary tract infections or related diseases. The rest were deleted due to various unclassified reasons like wrong attribution, wrong identification, misinterpretation, non-confirmation in the cris-cross checking, mounted on baseless faiths etc. It can be concluded that ethnobotanical plants can be used to discover natural products that may serve as lead for the development of new pharmaceuticals addressing the major therapeutic needs.
Background:
Homonoia riparia is a plant, which is widely used in the indigenous system of medicine for the treatment of urolithiasis, renal disorders and inflammatory conditions. This is the first report on the antioxidant and nephroprotective activities of whole plant of H. riparia.
Objective:
The present study aims at investigating the in vitro antioxidant and nephroprotective activity of the methanol extract and its different fractions of H. riparia.
Methods:
Petroleum ether (HRPE), Ethyl acetate (HREA), Butanol (HRBU), aqueous fractions (HRAQ) were prepared from the crude methanol extract of H. riparia (HRM) using liquid partitioning. Total phenolic content, flavonoid content and antioxidant activity assay were performed according to suitable methods. Nephroprotective activities were evaluated by MTT assay using Human Embryonic Kidney cells against cisplatin induced toxicity. Quantification of gallic acid was performed using validated HPTLC method.
Results:
The studies showed that extract and fractions possess significant nephroprotective activity against cisplatin induced renal toxicity. All the extracts/fractions of whole plant of Homonoia riparia was found to be significantly reducing cisplatin induced toxicity (< 0.05). The highest activity was observed with HRBU and HRAQ with a percentage viability of 293.09 ± 4.3 and 345.07 ± 3.2 at a concentration of 200 µg/ml. Gallic acid was detected in the HRM/fractions using HPTLC.
Summary:
Cisplatin (8 μg/ml) exhibited 50 % inhibition in cell viability in HEK 293 cellsButanol and aqueous fractions of Homonoia riparia showed significant nephroprotective activity against cisplatin induced cell damage in HEK cells.Gallic acid was detected and quantified in the extract and fractions of whole plant of Homonoia ripariaAbbreviations used: HPTLC: High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography, DPPH: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, ABTS: 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt, MTT: 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyl tetrazolium bromide, GAE: Gallic acid equivalents, QE: Quercetin equivalents, HEK: Human Embryonic Kidney, HRM: Methanol extract of H. riparia, HRPE: Petroleum ether fraction of H. riparia, HREA: ethyl acetate fraction of H. riparia, HRBU: Butanol fraction of H. riparia, HRAQ: Aqueous fraction of H. riparia, DMEM: Dulbecco's minimum essential medium, FBS: Foetal bovine serum, DMSO: Dimethyl sulfoxide, ANOVA: One way analysis of variance.
The result of human interface and assortment of the most desirable, influential and successful plant species found in the instantaneous environment at a precise circumstance is due to indigenous knowledge of plant species. India has a rich variety of medicinal plants scattered in different geographical and ecological conditions widespread; 1500 out of 15,000 privileged plants species have been attributed to medicinal uses. Snakebite is a severe medical, social and economic failure in many parts of the world, chiefly in the tropical and subtropical nations due to occurance of majority of the World’s dangerous snakes, where access of treatment is limited. In India, a range of medicinal plants are used as antidotes for snakebites, either single or in combination with other. The present study makes an effort to accumulate the medicinal plants growing and utilizing for treatment of snake bite among the different parts of India. From a range of literature sources the data has been compiled mentioning the plants, family, parts used, etc. depending on the availability of information. This paper enumerates 523 plant species belonging to 122 families that act as antidotes against snakebite. Thus the study of herbal antidotes against snake venom is of massive significance to the society.
In this study, chloroform extract derived from pseudostem of Ensete superbum (Roxb.) Cheesman (Family: Musaceae) powder was investigated for treatment of calcium oxalate urolithiasis. An in vitro antiurolithiatic study was carried out by conductometric titrations of CaCl2 with Na2C2O4 in the absence and presence of chloroform extract of Ensete superbum (ES). Whereas, in an in vivo studies, urolithiasis was developed in animals by adding 0.75 % of ethylene glycol in drinking water for 28 days. The extract (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) was administered orally along with ethylene glycol for 28 days. On 28 day, 24 hrs urine was collected from individual animals and various biochemical parameters were measured in urine (calcium, phosphate and oxalate), serum (creatinine, urea and uric acid) and kidney homogenate (renal oxalate). The paraffin kidney sections were prepared and subjected to histopathological analysis to observe the calcium oxalate deposits. The result of conductometric titration show shift in end point towards lower side due to reduction in free Ca2+ content as evidence of complexation with the extract. Treatment of ethylene glycol (Group II – negative control) cause significant (P < 0.001 vs. normal) increase in levels of urine calcium, creatinine, uric acid, and serum calcium, creatinine, magnesium and uric acid, as compared to normal. The treatment with extract, significantly (P < 0.001 vs. control) depleted the levels of urine calcium, creatinine, uric acid, and serum calcium, creatinine, magnesium and uric acid, in ethylene glycol induced urolithiasis after 28 days in dose dependent manner. The antiurolithiatic activity of the chloroform extract of Ensete superbum pseudostem is mediated possibly through the inhibition of calcium oxalate crystal formation and its effect on the urinary concentration of stone-forming constituents. The activity may be attributed due to the presence of β-carboline alkaloids.
The aim of this study was to investigate the curative effect of extractive
phytoconstituents of Psidium guajava leaves on ethylene glycol induced urolithiasis
in experimental animals. Urolithiasis was induced in Wistar albino rats by 0.75%
Ethylene glycol (v/v) in drinking water for 28 days and preventive effect of ethanolic
extract of Psidium guajava leaves (EEPG) was evaluated. The animals were divided
into six group’s i.e. normal control, negative control, positive control (Cystone,
750 mg/kg body weight, p.o.) and test (EEPG, 100, 150, and 200 mg/kg body
weight, p.o.). All extracts and standard drug were given once daily by oral route
from 15th to 28th day. Evaluation parameters such as body weight, urinary volume,
urine and serum calcium, oxalate, creatinine, urea and uric acid were evaluated.
Kidneys from each animal were removed on the 28th day for histopathological
examination. EEPG prevents the reduction in body weight and significantly
increased the urine volume. EEPG treatment significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the
elevated urinary and serum creatinine, urea, uric acid, calcium and oxalate level.
Histopathological examination of EEPG treated showed decreased degenerative
changes in the kidney tissue like epithelial cell dissociation, interstitial inflammation
within the renal tissue and proximal tubules dilation. Extractive phytoconstituents
of Psidium guajava leaves was found to show potential anti-urolithiatic activity.
Kidneys have a vital role in the normal physiology of humans. Worldwide chronic kidney disease has become a major cause for disability and in worst circumstances leads to death. Major renal disorders occur due to diabetes and its complications termed as diabetic nephropathy (DN). Also nephrolithiasis occurs due to presence of organic debris of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins and supersaturation with calcium oxalate in the renal system. The article comprises of various herbs proven to be used in management of these disorders
Humans experience different kinds of stress as a part of the day to day activity. The manifestation of stress will aggravate based on the physical conditions of individuals and due to their socio-economic situation of living. Herbal extracts have long been used in the traditional systems of medicine for the treatment of various ailments because of their potent antioxidant activity and lesser or no side-effects. Recently, there is a surge of interest toward the search of natural substances with diverse pharmacological activities, that can scavenge free radicals and protect cells from oxidative damage and apoptosis because of the adverse effects associated with the use of conventional medicines. Celastrus paniculatus is an endangered medicinal plant used from years in the traditional Ayurvedic system of medicine. The review presents the diverse chemical constituents of C. paniculatus and their pharmacological actions such as neuroprotective, memory-enhancing, anti-depressant, anxiolytic, anti-aging, hypolipidemic, anticancerous, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, gastroprotective, anti-ulcerative properties at the cellular and molecular level based on the pre-clinical and clinical reports available. In the present review, we gathered the information from sources such as Google Scholar, Science direct, PUBMED, and reviewed with a special focus on the mode of action of C. paniculatus at molecular biology from the data on animal and preclinical experiments to cure various ailments. These diverse medicinal values of C. paniculatus demonstrates its value as traditional medicine as a cure for multiple maladies.
Bhubaneswar popularly known as the Temple City is one of the oldest continuously inhabited regions of the world, and one the most important Lord Shiva, Lord Bhubaneswari, Lord Mahavir and Lord Buddha pilgrimage sites of the country. Despite its importance, very little information is available on the city's herbaceous flora in general, and the medicinal species found within its limit in particular. As traditional medicine plays an important role in Indian society and in Oriya culture, the present study attempts to investigate the availability and their traditional uses. The paper presents information on the traditional uses of seventy-two plant species collected from the campus of Regional Institute of Education (NCERT), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, and highlights the uses of these plants by the local inhabitants for healthcare and the students of the institute for the study of Ethnobotany , Medicinal importance and conservation.
Use of wild tree species by smallholder farmers for various purposes is crucially important for their daily livelihoods. However, the growing demand for these natural resources could lead to their overexploitation and environmental change. The aims of this ethnobotanical research in the Wechiau Community-based Hippopotamus Sanctuary (WCHS) were to i) document wild tree species, uses and analyze their cultural importance, ii) investigate socio-demographic variables of smallholder farmers influencing their traditional knowledge on wild tree species and uses, and iii) examine smallholder farmers ’ perceptions about the establishment of the WCHS. To attain the above-stated aims, 135 smallholder farmers were interviewed in nine villages belonging to the Waala and Birfor ethnic groups. The primary data were subjected to rigorous statistical analysis (using Cognitive Salience index reflecting cultural importance, univariate and use value analysis). Given the results of this study, the WCHS is enriched with 43 ethnoecologically important wild tree species belonging to 22 families and 41 genera. This study showed that eight topmost wild tree species in descending order of cultural importance included Vitellaria paradoxa, Burkea Africana, Diospyrous mespiliformis, Bombax costatum, Parkia biglobosa, Pterocarpus erinaceus, Terminalia avicennioides and Acacia gourmaensis. It is also established in this paper that the family cultural importance for Fabaceae and Sapotaceae is predominantly high as reflected in the frequency and ranking of citations of wild tree species under these families by local informants. The 43 wild tree species cited by local informants were categorized into nine different uses including food (9 species), forage (30), firewood (40), medicine (6), construction (9), soil improvement (3), social use (2), gardening (5) and fiber/ropes (2). Among these use categories, firewood, forage, food and construction topped the list as the most culturally important to the smallholder farmers. It is also revealed that the traditional knowledge on varied wild tree species and their uses was significantly affected by age of smallholder farmers (ps < 0.05), but not ethnicity and other factors. This study thus suggests the need for community-based conservation measures for sustainable management of natural resources for rural livelihood improvement in the tropics and sub-tropics.
Background
Many medicinal plants have been used in Vietnam but most of them have not been studied and documented. In this study, the traditional plants used by K’Ho-Cil people living in BiDoup-Nui Ba National Park, Vietnam for treatment of diarrhea and identified potential medicinal plants were documented.
Methods
Information of the medicinal plants used was collected through field surveys and semi-structured interviews with key informants. Plants used for anti-diarrhea were selected for further analysis in structured questionnaires. The potential medicinal plants were identified through quantitative tools: fidelity level (FL) and choice value (CV). The relationship between traditional knowledge and gender, age and geological site was also evaluated using statistical analysis.
Results
Of the 133 taxa reported by 12 key informants, 34 anti-diarrheal plants were confirmed by 127 non-specialist informants. Interestingly, these plants were also used for 35 other health problems. Among the medicinal plants, Asteraceae was the most predominant family. Elephantopus mollis and Chromolaena odorata belonging to this family with the highest CV were the most preferred ones in diarrheal treatment (1.23 and 1.04, respectively). Moreover, in regard to FL and literature review, several potential plants for further studies were identified, for example Hedyotis capitellata var pubescens and Syzygium ripicola (FL = 100%), or Clitoria mariana and Dacrycarpus imbricatus (FL = 80 %).
Conclusion
In Vietnam, folk medicine has been widely used by many people without documentation for preservation and scientific study. This study contributes a database of anti-diarrhea plants used by K’Ho-Cil people living in BiDoup-Nui Ba National Park, Vietnam.
The uses of medicinal plants for combating various human ailments, food utility and additive purposes have been adapted from ancient routine custom. Currently, developing countries used plants as a major source of primary health care. Besides, the astonishing increments of emerging drug resistance pathogenic microbes encourage the utilization of medicinal plants as preeminent alternative sources of new bioactive substances. Extensive research findings are reported in the last three decades, but most of them are checklist way of findings. Methods to investigate the phytoconstituents and their biological effects are limited. This review contains brief explanations of the method of selecting medicinal plants, ways of getting the crude as well as essential oil extracts, phytochemical screening, and in-vitro evaluation of antimicrobial activity. Furthermore, the potent medicinal plants reported with respective solvent fractionated and non-fractionated plant extracts used for in-vitro analysis are also described as a glance. The prioritized medicinal plant's bioactive substances molecular structure and biological effects are revealed in the content.
The Indian Himalayan state of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) harbours rich biodiversity, including diverse medicinal flora. The scientific documentation of diversity, distribution and traditional uses of medicinal flora can prove pivotal in the conservation and sustainable use of these precious plant resources in this Himalayan state. The present study, based on extensive ethno-medicinal surveys carried out during the last decade and supplemented with verified records from a systematic literature review, has developed a biodiversity database on medicinal plants of J&K state. The comprehensive database includes a total of 1123 plant species with practised ethno-medicinal uses in the state. The majority of the species (78%) are native to the Himalayan region. In most cases, whole plants are used, followed by leaves and underground parts. In total, these medicinal plant species are traditionally used to alleviate 266 types of disease. The present study has identified 20 important medicinal species, each used to cure more than 25 diseases. Based on the relative frequency citation (RFC) value, Taraxacum officinale and Aconitum heterophyllum are the most frequently used medicinal plant species in J&K. The present study, by adopting a scientifically sound taxonomic approach, reports one of the most comprehensive and updated syntheses of the medicinal flora of J&K state. This baseline information on the diversity, distribution and traditional uses of medicinal flora has immense applications, as it can provide insightful leads towards the discovery, development and designing of future drugs.
Background:
Urolithiasis is the most common renal system pathology; it affects the health of a many people. Because urolithiasis leads to severe pain, it influences the patient in many aspects. The management of urolithiasis is essential. Herein, we discuss the limitations of the management of urolithiasis with conventional drugs and the possibilities of using natural or herbal pharmacologically active agents beyond conventional drugs.
Purpose:
The drugs presently used for the treatment of urolithiasis have many adverse side effects; therefore, alternatives are needed. Traditional literature suggests that many herbal or natural medicines can be easily made available for the management of urolithiasis and its consequences.
Method:
The data used for this study were collected from various research /review articles, Internet sources, and text books. Literature regarding epidemiology and pharmacological studies performed by various researchers were taken into consideration in this review. The data from the last few decades, reported in different formats, were analyzed.
Conclusion:
The present review reveals the severity of the progression of the occurrence of urolithiasis worldwide. The epidemiology gave in this review clearly indicates that stress-related factors and dietary complications, the key factors in the development of urolithiasis. are increasing. In this review, we acknowledge the limitations of conventional therapy. Many natural drug options are abundantly available throughout the world and can be useful for the management of urolithiasis. Future Perspectives: The development of a suitable formulation of bioactive components obtained from natural sources is being widely researched. However, traditional remedies that are very helpful in the management of urolithiasis and its related complications require scientific support and appropriate standardization for the assessment of their quality and dosage.
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the in vitro antiurolithiatic activity of the medicinal plant Gossypium herbaceum. Both Ethanolic and Aqueous extracts showed their maximum efficiencies in the dissolution of calcium oxalate crystals Ethanolic extract was even more efficient than Aqueous extract in dissolution of calcium oxalate crystals. Our results have clearly indicated that the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Gossypium herbaceum were quite promising for further studies in this regard. In this study Neeri was used as standard drug.
Objective: Investigation has been carried out about infuse of corn silk (Zea mays L.) concerning the solubility of kidney stone in vitro and the diuretic effect in vivo. Methods: The methodology of research conducted in the form of dissolving kidney stones in corn silk infuse with a concentration of 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10%, then incubated at 37°C for 4 h. The solubility of calcium is known by measuring the levels of early calcium and after incubated with kidney stones. Potassium (K) is a substance that can dissolve kidney stones in infuse and also measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The diuretic effect study used male rats which were divided into 7 groups that consisted of 1 positive control (treated with furosemide), 1 negative control treated with CMC Na 0.5 % and 5 groups treated with infuse of corn silk in 5 different concentration (2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10%).Results: Increase in calcium levels after incubation with kidney stone using corn silk infuse with various concentrations. The levels of Ca dissolved in the infuse of 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10%, respectively, were 2.2600 μg/ml, 5.5733 μg/ml, 7.9267 μg/ml, 10.9233 μg/ml, and 8.7667 μg/ml. It was found that the urine volume for 24 h was significant with 2%, 8%, and 10% corn silk infuse.Conclusion: Infuse of corn silk could decrease kidney stones, and it was diuretic. This research supported the aim of traditional corn silk decoction for the same intention.
The study was planned to investigate the anti-urolithiatic activity of fresh juice of Citrus limon L. fruit. The phytochemical screening was also undertaken to reveal the alkaloids, flavonoids, reducing sugar, vitamin C, amino acid and sterols present in the sample. Macromolecule supersaturation of higher molecular weight components of plant extract exerts its action similar to natural urinary inhibitors and inhibits crystal aggregation and growth. Pharmacological evaluation of Citrus limon L. was performed by the percentage dissolution and turbidity method. Calcium oxalate crystals were synthetically prepared and packed in a semi-permeable membrane in both methods. Result was compared statistically and it showed significant P<0.001 anti-urolithiasis activity as compared to control and standard (Cystone).
Background:
Struvite is one of the most common urinary/kidney stones, composed of magnesium ammonium phosphate (MgNHPO4·H2O). They are also termed as infection stones as these are associated with urinary tract infections. Numerous studies have been carried out to examine the growth and inhibition of struvite stones.
Objective:
This review summarizes various reports on the factors responsible for inducing struvite stones in the kidney and gives a detailed account of studies on inhibition of growth of struvite crystals.
Results:
The presence of urea-splitting bacteria such as Proteus mirabilis and alkaline pH plays a crucial role in struvite formation. In vitro inhibition of struvite stones by various chemical agents were examined mainly in artificial urine whereas inhibition by herbal extracts was studied in vitro by gel diffusion technique. Herbal extracts of curcumin, Boerhaavia diffusa Linn, Rotula aquatica and many other plants, as well as some chemicals like pyrophosphate, acetohydroxamic acid, disodium EDTA and trisodium citrate, were reported to successfully inhibit struvite formation.
Conclusion:
The present review recapitulates various factors affecting the growth of struvite urinary stones and the inhibitory role of certain chemicals and herbal extracts. Most of the tested plants are edible hence can be easily consumed without any adverse effects whereas the side effects of chemicals are unknown due to lack of toxicity studies. Thus, the use of herbal extracts might serve as an alternate and safe therapy for prevention of struvite stones.
Urolithiasis is a term used to describe calculi or stones formed in urinary tract. It involves the formation of calcifications in the urinary system, usually in the kidneys or ureters, but may also affect the bladder or urethra. It is a serious, debilitating problem in all societies throughout the world, affecting approximately, 12% of the population and men are three times more prone than women. It is more prevalent between the ages of 20 and 40 in both sexes. Present study is one of the attempts to compare Antilithiatic activity of various popularly known herbs with marketed formulation Cystone. Methanolic extracts of Aerva lanata, Sphaeranthus indicus, Merremia emarginata were compared with standard drug respectively by Spectrophotometric estimation of Calcium Oxalate and Calcium Phosphate dissolution models. Homogenous precipitation method was used to prepare artificial stones such as Calcium Oxalate and Calcium Phosphate and semi-permeable membrane of eggs was used as dissolution bags. Dissolution models were incubated for 72hrs and after that, the entire content in dissolution bags was estimated spectrophotometrically at 620 nms. In dissolution models all the extracts exhibited better dissolution of Calcium Oxalate and Calcium Phosphate crystals. However Cystone exhibited strong inhibitory action, whereas Methanolic extract of Aerva lanata showed almost similar activity, remaining shows considerably less inhibitory action at different concentrations than Standard. Phytochemical analysis revealed that all the plants showed presence of Alkaloids, Glycosides, Flavanoids, Lipids. Finally concluded that one of the above constituent may be responsible for the present activity. Further evaluation of these extracts as formulations are to be carry out.
Urolithisis is a very complex disease which is characterized by the formation of renal calculi in urinary track/kidney. Several physic chemical events like super saturation, nucleation, growth, aggregation and retention of dietary minerals of urine in the kidney leads to the formation of kidney stone; for this a essential need to develop a formulation which is made up of medicinal pant belong to the class of Pasanabheda plant according to ancient literature available in Ayurveda, which facilitate the repair mechanism in a natural way towards the organ. Bridelia retusa, is a well know plant of Western Ghats. Present study deals with the inhibitory effect of different fraction of methanol extract of Bridelia retusa. Nucleation of calcium oxalate crystals was estimated by the spectrophotometric assay and whereas crystal dissolution was determine by titrimetry/egg shell permeation method, hence the extract fractions exhibited inhibitory action in both of nucleation and aggregation assays to significant level.
Herbal medicine is a natural remedy for all the disease. The herbal medicines do not have any side effect and it is cost effective and safest medicine from an ancient periods. Urolithiasis or Lithiasis is a consequence of complex physical processes. The major factors are supersaturation of urine with the offending salt and crystallization. This process is synonymously known as Urolithiasis or Lithiasis or Nephrolithiasis or Kidney stones. In this study Ethanolic & Aqueous extracts of roots of Hedychium coronarium J. Koenig and leaves extract of Ageratum conyzoides Linn. plant species were evaluated for their potential to dissolve experimentally prepared kidney stones like calcium oxalate by an Invitro model and Antioxidant activity was also performed by DPPH scavenging assay method. For performing Invitro Antilithiatic activity titrimetric method was adopted. For performing antioxidant activity DPPH scavenging assay method was adopted and for this materials used were DPPH dye, alcohol, ascorbic acid, UV visible spectrophotometer etc. Phytoconstituents were also isolated by column and thin layer chromatographic techniques from both plant species. Only Ethanolic extract of roots of Hedychium coronarium and leaves extract of Ageratum conyzoides plant species produced highest dissolution of stones when compared to standard drug cystone and at 10 mg. concentration. Also this study showed that alcoholic extract of roots of Hedychium plant and leaves of Ageratum plant species in higher concentration possess best antioxidant potential as compare to standard ascorbic acid with IC 50 value 9.3, 18.9 and 24.8 μg/ml. for ascorbic acid, alcoholic extract of roots of Hedychium plant species and alcoholic extract of leaves of Ageratum plant species respectively. For Hedychium plant species isolated phytoconstituents were hedychilactone like derivatives and for Ageratum plant species isolated phytoconstituents were precocene I and II and their structures were confirmed by IR, NMR and Mass spectroscopic datas.