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Introduction of Ionic Liquids as Highly Efficient Plasticizers and Flame Retardants of Cellulose Triacetate Films

DOI:10.1007/s10924-022-02407-3
Authors:
Kaoutar Aghmih at University of Hassan II of Casablanca
Kaoutar Aghmih
Aicha Boukhriss at Valbiom Maroc
Aicha Boukhriss
  • Valbiom Maroc
Mehdi El Bouchti at École Supérieure des Industries du Textile et de l'Habillement (ESITH)
Mehdi El Bouchti
Mohammed Ait Chaoui
Mohammed Ait Chaoui
Mohammed Ait Chaoui
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Abstract and Figures

As a promising biodegradable polymer, cellulose triacetate (CTA) was synthesized and plasticized with ionic liquids to produce flexible biocomposite films multi-end-use. Initially, CTA polymer was synthesized from industrial waste cotton using a heterogeneous pathway. Subsequently, four ionic liquids, namely 3-hexyl-1-methyl imidazolium acetate [C6MIM][Ac], 3-hexyl-1-methyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphate [C6MIM][PF6], N-hexyl N,N,N-triethylammonium acetate [N2226][Ac] and N-hexyl N,N,N-triethylammonium hexafluorophosphate [N2226][PF6] were synthesized and used as plasticizer materials of CTA film. Indeed, the films were prepared at room temperature using the solution-casting method, and the effects of ionic liquids on their morphological, mechanical, and thermal properties were evaluated. Morphological results indicated that the prepared films had smooth surfaces and high transparency. The addition of ionic liquids significantly reduced the crystallinity of CTA film and made it ductile. The Mechanical and thermal results showed that the ionic liquid anion has a significant effect on the properties of the film. CTA films plasticized with ionic liquids based on [PF6]⁻ were more flexible than the others, with an elongation of 18.22% instead of 1.97%. The climate ageing test, on the other hand, confirmed that the used ILs could indeed maintain the plasticized state during aging with a better stability of the hydrophobic IL in the polymer matrix compared to the hydrophilic IL. There are self-extinguishing with a final residue of about 97 wt%, allowing CTA films to be used for thermal insulation and fire protection, as well as packaging applications. Graphical Abstract
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Vol.:(0123456789)
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Journal of Polymers and the Environment (2022) 30:2905–2918
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-022-02407-3
ORIGINAL PAPER
Introduction ofIonic Liquids asHighly Efficient Plasticizers andFlame
Retardants ofCellulose Triacetate Films
KaoutarAghmih1,2· AichaBoukhriss2· MehdiElBouchti2· MohammedAitChaoui3· SanaaMajid1 · SaidGmouh3
Accepted: 9 February 2022 / Published online: 23 February 2022
© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2022
Abstract
As a promising biodegradable polymer, cellulose triacetate (CTA) was synthesized and plasticized with ionic liquids to pro-
duce flexible biocomposite films multi-end-use. Initially, CTA polymer was synthesized from industrial waste cotton using
a heterogeneous pathway. Subsequently, four ionic liquids, namely 3-hexyl-1-methyl imidazolium acetate [C6MIM][Ac],
3-hexyl-1-methyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphate [C6MIM][PF6], N-hexyl N,N,N-triethylammonium acetate [N2226][Ac]
and N-hexyl N,N,N-triethylammonium hexafluorophosphate [N2226][PF6] were synthesized and used as plasticizer materi-
als of CTA film. Indeed, the films were prepared at room temperature using the solution-casting method, and the effects of
ionic liquids on their morphological, mechanical, and thermal properties were evaluated. Morphological results indicated
that the prepared films had smooth surfaces and high transparency. The addition of ionic liquids significantly reduced the
crystallinity of CTA film and made it ductile. The Mechanical and thermal results showed that the ionic liquid anion has a
significant effect on the properties of the film. CTA films plasticized with ionic liquids based on [PF6]− were more flexible
than the others, with an elongation of 18.22% instead of 1.97%. The climate ageing test, on the other hand, confirmed that
the used ILs could indeed maintain the plasticized state during aging with a better stability of the hydrophobic IL in the
polymer matrix compared to the hydrophilic IL. There are self-extinguishing with a final residue of about 97 wt%, allowing
CTA films to be used for thermal insulation and fire protection, as well as packaging applications.
Graphical Abstract
Keywords Cellulose triacetate film· Ionic liquid plasticizers· Mechanical and thermal proprieties· Ageing test· Flame
retardant
* Sanaa Majid
majidsanaa2013@gmail.com
Extended author information available on the last page of the article
Content courtesy of Springer Nature, terms of use apply. Rights reserved.
... [HMIM]Cl plasticized samples show increasing intensity at 3500 cm −1 (OH stretch Figure 3c, encircled A), which can be attributed to the possible interaction between water and acid protons on the imidazolium groups at C2 and the O atoms of the ester groups in the polymethacrylate polymer. Similar findings were reported for ionic liquids based on imidazolium and ammonium when applied as a plasticizer for cellulosic films [17]. According to Ramenskaya, a slight shift of 10 for the C = O stretching band was indicative of weak C2 -H⋯O = C hydrogen interactions for films of poly(methyl methacrylate) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (BMIPF6) [39]. ...
... [HMIM]Cl -DOP blend samples displayed broad peaks at ~ 3500 cm −1 (OH stretch, Figure 3d, encircled A), medium sharp peaks at 2950 and 2850 cm −1 (CH alkane stretching, (Figure 3d, encircled B), a weak sharp peak at 1572 cm −1 (C = C stretching, cyclic alkene, [HMIM]Cl plasticized samples show increasing intensity at 3500 cm −1 (OH stretch Figure 3c, encircled A), which can be attributed to the possible interaction between water and acid protons on the imidazolium groups at C2 and the O atoms of the ester groups in the polymethacrylate polymer. Similar findings were reported for ionic liquids based on imidazolium and ammonium when applied as a plasticizer for cellulosic films [17]. According to Ramenskaya, a slight shift of ∆10 for the C = O stretching band was indicative of weak C2 -H· · · O = C hydrogen interactions for films of poly(methyl methacrylate) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (BMIPF 6 ) [39]. ...
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... A ductile cellulose acetate film plasticized by [BMIM][Cl] was prepared by Bendaoud and Chalamet (2014). The anion of the ILs plays an important role in the thermal and mechanical properties of the film, where higher flexibility is obtained with the [PF 6 ] − -based ILs (Aghmih et al., 2022). Cellulose diacetate and cellulose acetate propionate were plasticized using 3-(1,3-diethoxy-1,3-dioxopropan-2-yl)-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium or 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate Rynkowska et al., 2018). ...
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... The plasticizing effect of ionic liquid increases chain flexibility, resulting in a reduced storage modulus of the hybrid membrane. . [64] Moreover, the ionic liquid decline the crystalline domain of the hybrid membrane. Hence, the mobility of the polymer chain was enhanced due to chain flexibility. ...
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