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Candemir, A. ve Bulut, C. (2021). KOBİ. Detay Yayınevi: Ankara
Abstract
KOBİ Yönetimi alanında Türk İşletme Yazınında, bugüne kadar değerli birçok akademik eser özellikle lisansüstü öğrencilerin kullanımına yönelik yayım-lanmış olup, KOBİ yöneticilerine özel uygulamaya yönelik eser sayısı ise yok denecek kadar azdır. KOBİ yöneticilerinin, işletmelerini daha iyiye taşımak ve özellikle dış pazarlara açılması yönünde kendilerini nasıl geliştirebilecek-leri üzerine güncel kaynakların ağırlıkla sosyal medya mecralarındaki kısa videolarla sınırlı kalması, yazılı eserlerin ise sayıca oldukça az veya dış tica-ret, insan kaynakları gibi spesifik bir uzmanlık alanında sıkışıp kalması sebe-biyle, tüm KOBİ faaliyetlerini ve fonksiyonlarına yönelik bir özgün kitap üret-mek üzere KOBİ adlı projemizi başlatmayı bir öz görev olarak KOBİ kitabına katkı veren tüm yazarların destekleriyle birlikte üstlenmiş bulunmaktayız.
KOBİ yöneticilerinin uzun vadeli hedefleriyle bugünün rutinleri arasındaki planlamalarına destek olması hedeflenen bu kitapta, KOBİ yöneticileri, uzun vadede ne istediklerini ve bugün ne yapacaklarını çok iyi bildiği, ancak 1 ve 3 yıl arasındaki planlarda kafa karışıklığı içinde olduğu varsayılmıştır. Bu kitap ile hedefimiz KOBİ’lere orta vadede bilgi desteği sağlayarak, ihracat hedefle-rini gerçekleştirmelerine veya ihracatlarını güçlendirmelerine bir nebze ol-sun katkı sağlayabilmektir.
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Aim: In this study, the use of Incoterms delivery forms for export; (i) general rates, (ii) differentiation according to firm characteristics, and finally (iii) differentiation according to export performance and export policy were examined.
Methods: A questionnaire was applied to 280 companies from different provinces and sectors in Turkey. Analyzes were carried out by using independent samples t test and anova test with SPSS for Windows 27.00 program.
Findings: It was seen that EXW, CIF, FOB and CFR delivery forms were used more. It was determined that the positive change in the number of personnel, export department status, export year, rate and number of countries, which are among the characteristics of the company, generally cause more use in other frequently used delivery types except EXW. In addition, it was observed that companies with low export rates mostly use EXW delivery method. Finally, it was determined that companies with higher export performance and companies that have priority over the domestic market in export policy, use FOB, CIF and CFR sea delivery methods more.
Results: Considering that export is a set of activities that require technical knowledge and skills at every stage and one of these activities is the management of delivery methods; as large companies with a high number of personnel are strong in terms of their information and financial resources and they can take more risks, it is an expected result that they will be used more in other delivery methods other than EXW. In addition, companies with a high rate of export, having an export department, with a high number of countries to which they export, having a priority export policy and high export performance; use more risky, information-requiring delivery methods such as FOB, CIF and CFR than EXW delivery method is another expected result in terms of ensuring customer satisfaction in a highly competitive environment. According to the research findings, considering that the use of Incoterms terms such as CIF, FOB and CFR delivery forms positively reflected on export performance, it is important for companies to increase their Incoterms knowledge, and the government should support the issue in order to ensure widespread use of Incoterms terms both at the point of ensuring customer satisfaction and in the context of operation and risk management.
Sufficient literature supports small and medium 'enterprises' (SMEs) significant role in emerging and mature economies. Still, the same research highlights varying challenges that innovative firms in developing economies face, like access to formal credit and external markets. This study examines the effect of a capital budget's proportion for acquiring new technology and sale performance between 2017-2019 using a sample of 101 Kenyan SMEs. The ordinary least square moderated mediation results indicate that: (1) the proportion of the capital budget allocated for the acquisition of technology positively and significantly influences sales; (2) the index of moderated mediation suggests that the perception of firm owner-managers towards the availability of formal credit moderates the mediated relationship between the capital budget's portion spent on technology and sales as mediated by innovation activities. However, the index is insignificant for the second mediator, export longevity. However, in the final model, both the level of innovation and export longevity positively and substantially affect sales.
The use of the internet and social media have changed consumer behavior and the ways in which companies conduct their business. Social and digital marketing offers significant opportunities to organizations through lower costs, improved brand awareness and increased sales. However, significant challenges exist from negative electronic word-of-mouth as well as intrusive and irritating online brand presence. This article brings together the collective insight from several leading experts on issues relating to digital and social media marketing. The experts’ perspectives offer a detailed narrative on key aspects of this important topic as well as perspectives on more specific issues including artificial intelligence, augmented reality marketing, digital content management, mobile marketing and advertising, B2B marketing, electronic word of mouth and ethical issues therein. This research offers a significant and timely contribution to both researchers and practitioners in the form of challenges and opportunities where we highlight the limitations within the current research, outline the research gaps and develop the questions and propositions that can help advance knowledge within the domain of digital and social marketing.
z Dünyada ekonomiye yön veren temel sektörler; tarım, sanayi ve hizmet sektörleridir. Son yıllarda dünya ülkelerinde tarım ve sanayi sektöründen çok, hizmet sektörü önemli bir üstünlük arz etmektedir. Çünkü hizmet sektörü, tarım ve sanayi sektörüne oranla daha fazla gelir getiren bir sektör konumundadır. Bu çalışmada, hizmetler sektörünün dünyada ve Türkiye'de GSYİH'ya ve istihdama olan etkisi araştırılmış olup; Türkiye'nin hizmet ticaretindeki konumu ve önemi ele alınmıştır. Daha sonra, Türkiye'nin stratejik potansiyele sahip hizmet ticaretinde öncü olan alt sektörleri tespit edilerek, bu alt hizmet sektörlerine ilişkin veriler önem sırasına göre karşılaştırılmıştır. Ayrıca, bu sektörlerin ülkeye sağladıkları ekonomik katkılar analiz edilmiştir. Bununla beraber önemli hizmet alt sektörlerinden olan turizm hizmetlerinin, hizmet ihracatı içerisinde en büyük paya sahip olduğu saptanmıştır. Abstract The basic sectors which shape the world economy are agriculture, industry and service sector. In recent years, the service sector gained more importance than agriculture and industry in many countries in the world. Main reason for this is the fact that the service sector brings more income when we compare with the agriculture and industry. In this study, the effects of service sectors to GDP and employment have been researched globally and in Turkey; the location and importance of Turkey were discussed in the service trade. Then, sub-sectors which are pioneers have been identified in Turkey which has strategic potential in trade service. then, data about these sub-service sectors has been compared in order of importance. Also these compared sectors provide economic contribution to their country and contribution of these sectors has been analyzed. Nevertheless, tourism service which is one of the important sub-service sectors has been identified as having the largest share.
The increasing interest in human resource practices is driven by the hypothesis that employees and their management are critical to the success of an organization. Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) contribute significantly to several countries’ economies in terms of gross domestic product, employment fraction and exports. Human resource management (HRM) on the other hand plays a pivotal role in the growth and survival of SMEs if systematically understood and implemented in these businesses. As such, this paper aims to analyze factors that affect successful HRM and implementation in small and medium enterprises. Our findings demonstrate that SMEs need to make an effort to close the gap between demand and supply of labor for them to be able to compete with larger firms in the market. We conclude that the factors that affect human resource management are mainly due to the internal organization of these businesses and if HRM is properly implemented, it almost guarantees sustainability and competitive advantage of small firms. An “employee retention model” was formulated which can be used by SMEs to guide the retention of employees hence reducing staff turnover.
Increasing pressures to produce new products faster and cheaper are resulting in huge efforts to streamline and restructure the traditional new product development (NPD) process. The purpose of the book is to describe, assess and apply the latest constructs, methods, techniques and processes to enable managers, professionals, and practitioners to be more effective in designing, developing and commercializing new products and services. It provides guidance and support in formulating and executing NPD programs for business practitioners and MBA students. The book is written from an Integrated Product Development (IPD) perspective, linking all aspects of marketing, costing and manufacturing into the development process even before the first prototype is built. It covers the advanced tools necessary to achieve this such as virtual prototyping and fully integrated business systems, and explains the changes needed to organizational structure and thinking.
