Content uploaded by Viktor Samoilenko
Author content
All content in this area was uploaded by Viktor Samoilenko on Feb 19, 2022
Content may be subject to copyright.
A preview of the PDF is not available
Антропізація ландшафтів: підручник / В.М. Самойленко, І.О. Діброва. К: Ніка-центр, 2021, 304 с.
Abstract
Антропізація ландшафтів : підручник / В.М. Самойленко, І.О. Діброва. – Київ : Ніка-Центр, 2021. – 304 с.
Викладено концептуальні підвалини та інструментарій інтероперабельної для загальноєвропейських і вітчизняних підходів методики аналізу міри антропізації ланд¬шафтів і фізико-географічних таксонів. Розглянуто категорійно-класифікаційну схему міри антропізації ландшафтів в залежності від міри антропогенного впливу на них систем землекористування та/або його наслідків. Цей вплив задається через відповідні рівні гемеробності, інтенсивність впливу, геоекологічну позитивність / негативність і рівні натуральності землекористувальних систем. Сконструйовано септильно параметризовану нелінійну шкалу міри антропізації ландшафтів. Наведено генералізовані шкали міри антропізації суходільних і аква-теральних ландшафтів. Побудовано шкалу геоекологічної ситуації в землекористуванні. Здійснено реалізацію методики для зон мішаних і широколистяних лісів та лісостепу з моделюванням та комплексним аналізом міри антропізації фізико-географічних таксонів на регіональному, крайовому, обласному та районному рівнях. Подані аналітичні підходи може бути втілено в схемах і проектах природокористування для його оптимізації та реалізації ефективних природоохоронних заходів. Ці заходи має бути спрямовано на регулювання антропогенного навантаження на ландшафти з метою його зниження, зважаючи й на транскордонний вимір.
Для студентів і викладачів природничих, насамперед географічних, спеціальностей університетів і вищих закладів освіти, а також фахівців у сфері збереження й відновлення довкілля на основі оптимізації ресурсокористування з урахуванням міжнародного геоекологічного співробітництва.
Landscape anthropization : textbook / V.M. Samoilenko, I.O. Dibrova. – Kyiv: Nika-Tsentr, 2021. – 304 p.
The conceptual foundations and tools concerning the procedure of anthropization extent analysis for landscapes and physical-geographic taxons are presented. The procedure is interoperable for pan-European and national approaches. The categorical-classified scheme of the landscape anthropization extent depending on the anthropogenic impact extent of land use and/or land cover (LULC) systems is considered. This impact is specified by the corresponding degrees of hemeroby, impact intensity, geoecological positivity / negativity and naturalness of LULC systems. The non-linear parameterized by septiles scale of landscapes' anthropization extent is constructed. The generalized scales of anthropization extent for terrestrial and aqua-terrestrial landscapes are given. The scale of geoecological situation in land use is formed. The procedure has been implemented for mixed and broad-leaved forests and forest-steppe zones with modeling and complex analysis of the anthropization extent for physic-geographic taxons at the megaregional, regional, sub-regional and district levels. The presented analytical approaches can be implemented in regional schemes and projects of environmental management for its optimization and realization of effective environmental protection measures. These measures should be aimed at regulating the anthropogenic pressure on landscapes in order to reduce it, considering the transboundary dimension.
Textbook is intended for students and lectures of natural, first of all geographic, specialties of universities and higher education institutions, as well as specialists in the scope of conservation and restoration of the environment based on the optimization of resource use, taking into account international environmental cooperation.
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any citations for this publication.
The paper deals with contemporary trends of modernization of higher education in the countries of Europe, emphasizes relation between the quality of education and the level of development of the countries' economy, confirms the importance of digital education and provision of new forms of educational services. The problem of mastering new technologies using geoinformation systems and technologies in the process of training future specialists-geographers and geography teachers is analyzed. It is proved that one of the ways of addressing the outlined problem is the implementation of geoinformation training models, and the place of such models among other types of geography training tools is determined. The paper explains the concepts "training model", "geoinformation training model" and outlines their didactic peculiarities. The system of graphic-sign geographic training models is presented, with geoinformation training models being their subtype. The trends of applying geoinformation systems and technologies in the process of teaching geographic disciplines at higher education institutions are characterized. Based on the experience of application of geoinformation training models, the paper emphasizes that they are tools of students’ independent cognitive activities. The paper distinguishes three groups of these models (general, special, combined) and characterizes their varieties. Considerable attention is paid to characterizing special geoinformation models, viz. rendering models, first of all digital elevation models, "draping" models, as well as models of kinematic animation or dynamic interactive visualization of 3D images, routing optimization and self-training models. A considerable didactic potential of electronic maps and atlases is emphasized, which make it possible to study geographic objects, processes and phenomena in the spatial aspect. The conclusion is made that the application of geoinformation training models, on the one hand, allows students to explore independently certain natural or socio-economic objects of the environment. On the other hand, tutors can plan students’ efficient training activities at a high level of complexity and in accordance with their interests.
The principles for the construction of the scale of geoecological situation in land use were substantiated. This situation is based on the parameter of landscape anthropization extent. The parameter was called a geosituation index. Such index is the area proportion for geoecological positive (or geo-positive) and geoecological negative (or geo-negative) land use and/or land cover (LULC) systems. The first systems are still called in essence nature-accentuated, near-to-nature or simply natural systems. Percents of geo-positive LULC systems' area are also used as a separate parameter additional to the geosituation index. The scale of geosituation concerning land use in model landscapes or other territorial units was developed. Such scale for the first time has the logic-parametric consistency with previously developed scheme of the landscape anthropization extent. The geosituation is classified in the scale by categories. They vary from excessively favorable to catastrophic category. The developed geosituation scale was implemented for the selected megaregion. It includes Ukrainian physic-geographic zones of mixed and broad-leaved forests and forest-steppe and their regions, areas and districts. The digital choropleths were modeled for the geosituation in land use in the areas and districts. The all obtained results indicated the validity and further implementation suitability of proposed geosituation indexes and their scale. The developed approaches can be applied in the territorial schemes and projects of modern environmental management. Keywords: land use, anthropization, landscape, geoecological situation, near-to-nature systems
This is not the first time the Earth has to experience dramatic environmental and climate changes but this seems to be the first time that a living species-humanity-is able to understand that great changes are taking place rapidly and that probably natural and anthropogenic forces are involved in the process that is under way. Interdisciplinary research is central to successfully promote sustainable development. The understanding of the Long-Term Environmental Changes-LoTEC-is urgent to facilitate sustainable development and it is based on the knowledge and description of environments at subsequent phases and degrees of human impact.
The procedure of anthropization extent modeling for landscapes and/or physic-geographic taxons was implemented for the specified megaregion. It includes Ukrainian physic-geographic zones of mixed and broad-leaved forests and forest-steppe. The spatial data bases (SDB) were organized for the implementation megaregion by appropriate geoinformation processing of up-to-date open digital spatial data sources. The implementation operating scale of anthropization extent for physic-geographic taxons was substantiated and created in accordance with the megaregional SDB. The scale embodies 55 operating land use and/or land cover (LULC) systems causing determinate anthropization extent. The last is presented by corresponding to mentioned systems anthropization categories and indexes. The operating scale was strictly implemented for the megaregion. The implementation included the anthropization extent modeling at the level of physic-geographic areas and districts. The interpretation of the obtained model results was carried out. The results display that the land use consequences are altogether unfavorable for the natural environment of the megaregion. The model implementation achievements indicated the relevance and objectivity of proposed approaches to the landscape anthropization extent modeling. The approaches are applicable to schemes and projects of environmental management.
Широколиственные леса урочища Феофания (Голосеевский район г. Киева) соответствуют объему одной ассоциации – Galeobdoloni lutei-Carpinetum Shevchyk et al., 1996, в составе которой выделена новая субассоциация G.-C. impatientosum parviflorae subass. nova, формирующаяся под влиянием умеренной рекреационной нагрузки. Географический анализ свидетельствует о принадлежности сообществ к приднепровскому типу, флористически обедненному, на восточной границе ареала Carpinion. Показаны изменения сообществ под влиянием рекреационного фактора: возрастает доля анемохоров, эпизоохоров, терофитов, нитрофилов, адвентивных видов, по данным фитоиндикации – увеличивается освещенность, переменность увлажнения, содержание минерального азота, в фитосоциологическом спектре увеличивается доля видов Molinio-Arrhenateretea до 15 % и Artemisietea – до 9 %. Выделены 3 стадии рекреационной дигрессии, приведены виды-индикаторы каждой стадии, уязвимые и более устойчивые лесные виды. Ключевые слова: Феофания, Querco-Fagetea, синтаксономия, рекреационная дигрессия.
CORINE land use categories were used to identify the scale of human impact on the landscapes. The test area covered 12 natural microregions in north-eastern Hungary (Figure 1). It was found that of the 12 microregions the oligohemerobe areas dominated in three, β-euhemerobe in eight whereas α-euhemerobe areas prevailed in one of them. The standard deviation value of the oligohemeroby data is the highest. There is not a single microregion in the study area with unfavourable landscape structure for ecotops from the aspect of human impacts. It is reasonable to weigh the different hemeroby levels. The dataset in Table 3 is the numerical representation of the degree of anthropogenic impacts when spatial ratios are taken into account. Adding up the weighed hemeroby values the degree of anthropogenic load on the landscape can be calculated. The resulting parameter can be called the hemeroby index (Table 5).
Наведенні результати досліджень із вивченняагроекологічного стану земель сільськогосподар-ського призначення басейну річки Горинь за показ-никами екологічної стабільності, рівня антропо-генного навантаження та стану агроландшафтів.Установлено, що відносно задовільним станомхарактеризуються лише райони басейну, які відно-сяться до зони полісся, а найбільш вразливою і не-стабільною є територія зони лісостепу, що пере-буває у незадовільному та критичному екологіч-ному стані, має підвищений рівень антропогенногонавантаження, низьку екологічну стабільність івисоку трансформацію природних екосистем. Aiming results of researches from the study of theagrarian ecological state of earths of the agriculturalsetting of river of Goryn' basin on the indexes ofecological stability, level of the anthropogenic loadingand state of agrarian landscape. It is set that relatively thesatisfactory state is characterize territories of districtswhich belong to the area of Polesya, and the mostvulnerable and unstable are territories of districts of areaof Forest-steppe.