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International Journal of Social Science And Human Research
ISSN(print): 2644-0679, ISSN(online): 2644-0695
Volume 05 Issue 02 February 2022
DOI: 10.47191/ijsshr/v5-i2-19, Impact factor-5.586
Page No: 537-542
IJSSHR, Volume 05 Issue 02 February 2022 www.ijsshr.in Page 537
Military Campaign Strategy To Keep Indonesian National Air
Regional Sovereignty
Enggal Leksono1, Agus Sudayra2, Afrizal Hendra3, Muhammad Nakir4, Bastari5,
IDK Kertawidana6, Haposan Simatupang7
1,2,3,4,5,6,7Military Campaign and Strategy Study Program Faculty of Defense Strategy, Republic Indonesia Defense University
Kawasan IPSC Sentul, Sukahati, Kec. Citeureup, Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat 16810
ABSTRACT : There are still a number of issues that hinder the TNI AU from realizing the development of the TNI AU's Electronic
Warfare capability, among others, the organization that organizes trade operations in the TNI AU's operational units is still not ideal,
there are still limited software that regulates the implementation of TNI commerce operations, not optimal. preparation of human
resources in the field of trading operations, the need for electronic warfare equipment with the latest technology in all operational
units of the Indonesian Air Force, and the lack of availability of supporting infrastructure for trading operations. Efforts to anticipate
and deal with threats from weapons systems in the current modern war era and maintain national air sovereignty, it is necessary to
formulate appropriate strategies, including realizing the development of the Indonesian Air Force electronic warfare organization
through the establishment of an organizational structure for the Indonesian Air Force's operational unit and fulfillment of
requirements for validation. perrnika organization, realizing the fulfillment of software needs to support the implementation of
electronic warfare of the Indonesian Air Force through revision of operational instructions and technical instructions for operational
and maintenance of trading equipment, realizing the readiness of personnel carrying out trade operations through the provision of
manning personnel according to organizational needs and organizing education and training, realizing the fulfillment of equipment
needs equipment to support the TNI AU's commercial operations through the procurement of new equipment, as well as to fulfill
the need for supporting infrastructure for the implementation of Electronic Warfare The Indonesian Air Force through the
development of infrastructure for a centralized trading database storage facility.
KEYWORDS: Electronic Warfare, Air Campaign, and National Airspace Sovereignty
INTRODUCTION
International recognition of airspace as part of state sovereignty provides strong legitimacy for Indonesia as a broad country.
However, this condition can change when Indonesia is unable to control its aerospace area as a support for the economy and national
defense (K. Martono, et al., 2011). Airspace is the air space above the land and waters of a country. The Unitary State of the Republic
of Indonesia (NKRI) is an archipelagic country that is geographically located between two continents and two oceans, making
Indonesia's territory in a strategic position as a world maritime axis for world trade routes, besides that Indonesia also has three
Indonesian Archipelagic Sea Lanes (ALKI). ) as a world transportation route that is passed by ships and international flights.
This condition is an advantage as well as a vulnerability for the security of the Republic of Indonesia due to various interests
from outside parties, such as violations of territorial, sea and air territories, the entry of illegal immigrants, drug smuggling, terrorism,
and support from countries that have an interest in separatists in Indonesia. In maintaining sovereignty in national airspace, the
threats that may be faced are threats from modern war era weapon systems. Modern wars that are happening today are known as
asymmetric wars, namely non-military wars carried out between strong countries controlling weak countries by distorting the state
system, weakening ideology and destroying food security and energy security which leads to economic control and control of natural
resources. http://theglobal-review.com).
In the concept of modern warfare, military operations have relied on the Electro Magnetic Spectrum (EMS). EMS is the
entire range of electromagnetic radiation (EM) from gamma rays which have the shortest wavelength/high frequency, to radio waves
which have the longest wavelength/low frequency. All devices that use EMS have been used by civil, military and individual
organizations for intelligence, communication, PNT (positioning, navigation and timing), sensing, C2 (command and control),
attack, data transmission, information storage and processing (Joint Chiefs) purposes. of Staff, 2012).
Seeing the current development of weapon system technology, electronic warfare plays a very important role in every
military operation, whether on land, at sea or in the air. Peperangan elektronika is a military action using electromagnetic energy to
Military Campaign Strategy To Keep Indonesian National Air Regional Sovereignty
IJSSHR, Volume 05 Issue 02 February 2022 www.ijsshr.in Page 538
determine, utilize and reduce/prevent the use of the opposing electro-magnetic spectrum as well as actions to ensure the effectiveness
of the use of the electromagnetic spectrum by the parties themselves (Kep. Kasau no Kep/936/XII/2016. 2016) .
Therefore, the Indonesian Air Force as part of the Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI) which carries out the duties of
the Air Force in the field of defense, with a weapon system that utilizes a lot of electromagnetic wave spectrum, must have optimal
communication capabilities to anticipate and deal with threats from the system. modern war era weapons today.
The term electronic warfare refers to military action involving electromagnetic energy and energy directed at controlling
the electromagnetic spectrum or attacking the enemy, so that the EW consists of three divisions, namely electronic warfare support
(ES), electronic protection (EP). electronics and electronic attack (EA) / electronic attack (Joint Chiefs of Staff, 2012).
From this fact, EW can be a countermesures of weapon systems that use the electro-magnetic spectrum. If we look at the
use of drones that have entered the military force in the regional area, such as Singapore, Malaysia, China and Australia which have
UCAV (Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicle) drones, even Australia has officially operated a squadron of aircraft in the form of E/A
aircraft. -18 Growlers stationed at RAAF Base Amberly. The EA-18G Growler is an unmanned jet type aircraft that has an electronic
air attack (AEA) capability. The Growler has a radio frequency jamming podsse system that allows it to interfere with enemy
electronic systems, and is able to provide electronic intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance data to other aircraft, this aircraft
is a support aircraft for the capabilities of the F/A-18 F Super Hornet and F-35A Joint Strike Fighter (CNN Indonesia, 2021).
In addition to weapons systems from drones, MANPADs (Man-Air Defense system) are also weapons systems that use a
control system using electromagnetic waves, namely infra-red seeker. The Manpads weapon is a surface-to-air missile that can be
used by individuals, so this missile can be owned by Indonesian separatist and terrorist groups that can threaten the safety of low-
flying Indonesian Air Force planes in conflict areas in Indonesia.
Regarding the threat phenomenon from the weapon system, the Indonesian Air Force must be able to carry out electronic
warfare operations optimally following the current technological capabilities of the weapon system. However, in general, there are
still five main issues that hinder the Indonesian Air Force from realizing the development of the Indonesian Air Force's Electronic
Warfare capability.
The first problem is that it is still not ideal for the organization to carry out trade operations in the operational units of the
Indonesian Air Force. This factor will have an impact on the implementation of the trade-offs that cannot be carried out optimally
by the operational unit that is supposed to carry out the trade-offs. This can be seen from the organizational structure/position in the
operational unit, namely there is no position of the structure for implementing electronic warfare operations, starting from the Air
Squadron level to the Air Force Base and Korpaskhas ranks. Meanwhile, all of these units manned defense equipment equipped
with an electronic warfare system.
The second problem is that there are still software limitations that regulate the operation of the TNI-AU's trade unions. This
condition has resulted in the absence of the concept of the Indonesian Air Force's electronic warfare operations which is required to
run systematically for the purpose of supporting the success of the Air Force's air operations. The third problem is the not yet optimal
preparation of human resources in the field of electronic warfare operations. This condition will result in the non-optimal operation
of electronic warfare equipment and the operation of electronic warfare equipment, including the maintenance of electronic warfare
equipment in order to ensure the readiness of the electronic warfare equipment owned by the unit. The fourth problem is the need
for electronic warfare equipment with the latest technology in all operational units of the Indonesian Air Force. The current
limitations of the electronic warfare equipment owned by the Indonesian Air Force will affect the success of the trading operations
carried out, and will have an impact on the success of air operations carried out by the Indonesian Air Force. The fifth problem is
the unavailability of supporting infrastructure for electronic warfare operations. The unavailability of this electronic warfare
infrastructure will have an impact on the sustainability of electronic warfare operations
From the explanation above, in order to answer the challenges faced by the Indonesian Air Force in anticipating the arrival
of threats in the national airspace with the use of weapons systems in the current era of modern warfare, it is necessary to develop
comprehensive policies, strategies and efforts to improve the TNI's electronic warfare capabilities. Air Force.
Seeing the current development of weapon system technology, electronic warfare plays a very important role in every military
operation, whether on land, at sea or in the air. Regarding the threat phenomenon from the weapon system, the Indonesian Air Force
must be able to optimally carry out electronic warfare operations following the current technological capabilities of the weapon
system. However, in general, there are still problems that prevent the Indonesian Air Force from realizing the development of the
Indonesian Air Force's Electronic Warfare capability. Thus, the problems in this research can be formulated as follows: First, how
is the development of the Indonesian Air Force's electronic warfare capabilities in anticipating and dealing with threats from modern
war era weapon systems; and second, how is the electronic warfare strategy in the air campaign to maintain national air sovereignty.
This study has the following objectives: First, to formulate the Indonesian Air Force's electronic warfare capabilities, so that
the current condition of the Indonesian Air Force's electronic warfare capabilities and how to use them in anticipating and dealing
with threats from modern war era weapon systems will be known; and second, analyzing the electronic warfare strategy in Air
Military Campaign Strategy To Keep Indonesian National Air Regional Sovereignty
IJSSHR, Volume 05 Issue 02 February 2022 www.ijsshr.in Page 539
Campaigen (air campaign) in order to maintain national air sovereignty, so as to be able to recommend what steps and strategies
should be taken by the Indonesian Air Force in making policies for the subsequent procurement of electronic warfare equipment.
THEORY
1.Defense Strategy Theory
According to Craig and Grant (1996) in Taufiqurokhman (2016), strategy is the setting of long-term goals and objectives (targeting
and long-term goals) of an organization and the direction of action and allocation of resources needed to achieve the goals and
objectives (achieve the goals and objectives). objectives). Meanwhile, Tjiptono (2015) states that the term strategy comes from the
Greek, namely strategia which means art or science to become a general. Strategy can also be interpreted as a plan for the distribution
and use of military power in the strength of certain areas to achieve goals. Meanwhile, based on the opinion of Pearce II and
Robinson (2018), strategy is a large-scale plan, with a future orientation, to interact with competitive conditions to achieve goals.
This is in line with David (2011) quoted by Puji (2015), Strategy is together with long-term goals to be achieved. Strategy is
an action potential that requires top management decisions and a large amount of organizational resources. So strategy is an action
or activity carried out by a person or company to achieve the goals or objectives that have been set. Meanwhile, Rangkuti (2015)
argues that strategy is a comprehensive master plan, which explains how the organization will achieve all the goals that have been
set based on the mission that has been set previously.
2. Electronic Warfare Theory
In optimizing the Indonesian Air Force's electronic warfare capabilities to deal with the threat of electronic warfare in modern
warfare era weapon systems, it must be based on a theory that is synchronized with the laws and regulations that have been set. The
theories related to electronic warfare are Electromagnetic Waves.
The main activities of Electronic Warfare have been developed over time to address the opportunities and vulnerabilities
inherent in the basic physics of electromagnetic energy. Although the basic physics of electromagnetic energy is constant, the
development of technology that utilizes electromagnetic energy continues to develop rapidly, and continues to be a challenge in
adapting electronic warfare activities. Based on this, the current main activities of electronic warfare are quoted from Joint
Publication 3-51, 2020, Joint Doctrinne for Electronic Warfare.
METHODE
This study uses the research method used by researchers in this study is a qualitative method. According to Creswell (2016)
qualitative research is a type of research that explores and understands meaning in a number of individuals or groups of people
originating from social problems. In general, qualitative research can be used for research on people's lives, history, behavior,
concepts or phenomena, social problems, and others. One of the reasons why using a qualitative approach is the experience of
researchers where this method can find and understand what is hidden behind phenomena that are sometimes difficult to understand.
DISCUSSION
In the concept of modern warfare, military operations have depended on the electromagnetic spectrum, because it plays a very
important role in every military operation, whether operations on land, at sea or in the air. This is important for the TNI as the main
component of national defense to be adaptive in dealing with any potential disturbances and obstacles through the development of
the Indonesian Air Force's electronic warfare capabilities to anticipate the very rapid development of military technology, especially
the threats posed to modern war era weapon systems in the future. The development of the Indonesian Air Force's electronic warfare
capabilities cannot be separated from the development of the strategic environment that affects current conditions as well as policies,
strategies and efforts to be implemented.
The factors that influence the development of the Indonesian Air Force's electronic warfare capabilities include developments
in the global environment, regional environment, national environment as well as opportunities and constraints. With a discussion
of the development of this strategic environment, things will be obtained that can be taken into consideration in developing the
Indonesian Air Force's electronic warfare capabilities if faced with efforts to deal with modern war era weapons systems in order to
maintain national airspace sovereignty.
With the design of policies, strategies and efforts that will be prepared later, it is hoped that it can be the right step in planning
and strengthening the optimization of the Indonesian Air Force's electronic warfare capabilities in dealing with modern war era
weapons systems in order to maintain national airspace sovereignty.
To be able to realize the optimal conditions for the Indonesian Air Force's electronic warfare capabilities as expected, a policy
was formulated, namely: "The realization of the Indonesian Air Force's Electronic Warfare Capabilities through the Development
of Electronic Warfare Organizing Organizations, Fulfilling Software Needs, Increasing Preparedness of Implementing Personnel,
Fulfilling Electronic Warfare Equipment Needs Supporters and Supporting Facilities to deal with modern war-era weapons systems
in order to maintain the sovereignty of the national airspace”.
Military Campaign Strategy To Keep Indonesian National Air Regional Sovereignty
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Furthermore, the above-mentioned policy is translated into several strategies and efforts in order to solve the problem of
optimizing the Indonesian Air Force's electronic warfare capabilities to deal with modern war-era weapons systems in order to
maintain the sovereignty of the national airspace.
In order to get the concept of the right and appropriate strategy, the author uses a SWOT analysis tool. Based on the results
of the SWOT analysis above and combined with the Strategic Planning and Forecasting theory from William Archer and William
Overholt as well as the development of the strategic environment, four strategies were set to implement the above policies, including
the following:
a. The first strategy is to realize the development of the Indonesian Air Force's electronic warfare organization through the
establishment of an electronic warfare organization structure in the Indonesian Air Force's operational units; fulfillment of the
need for validation of the logic organization with the methods of identification, study, evaluation, coordination, proposal,
discussion, testing, determination, development and validation using the means of the TNI Commander Regulation, Rule of
Rulers and Orders in order to achieve the goal of realizing the pattern of developing electronic warfare organization organizations
Indonesian Air Force.
b. The second strategy is to fulfill the need for software to support the implementation of the Indonesian Air Force's electronic
warfare through the revision of operational instructions and technical instructions for the operation and maintenance of electronic
warfare equipment; software productivity; socialization of electronic warfare operational software revisions with methods of
study, evaluation, coordination, discussion, revision, preparation, proposal, publication, determination, ratification, instruction,
production, socialization using the Rules of Rules and Orders in order to achieve the goal of realizing the fulfillment of needs
software to support the implementation of the Indonesian Air Force's electronic warfare.
c. The third strategy is to realize the readiness of personnel implementing electronic warfare operations through the provision of
manning personnel according to the needs of the organization; providing education and training; improving the welfare of
personnel by means of evaluation, coordination, instruction, preparation, determination, socialization, recruitment, coaching,
research and development, education and training and cooperation using the means of the TNI Commander Regulation, Rules
of Rulers, Decisions of Heads of Heads, Cooperation Agreements, Orders in the framework of achieve the goal of realizing the
fulfillment of the readiness of personnel implementing electronic warfare operations.
d. The fourth strategy is to fulfill the need for electronic warfare equipment to support the Indonesian Air Force's electronic warfare
operations through the procurement of new electronic warfare equipment; implementation of reconditioning of electronic warfare
capabilities; increasing the budget for modernization of defense equipment using the methods of procurement, reconditioning,
modernization, evaluation, cooperation and development, using the means of Regulation of the Minister of Defense, Regulation
of the Commander of the Armed Forces, Rule of Rulers, Orders and Cooperation Agreements in order to achieve the goal of
realizing the fulfillment of the need for electronic warfare equipment to support operations Indonesian Air Force electronic
warfare.
e. The fifth strategy is to fulfill the need for supporting infrastructure for the implementation of the Indonesian Air Force's Electronic
Warfare through the construction of a centralized electronic warfare database storage facility infrastructure; empowerment of
the defense industry with cooperation and development methods, using the means of Regulation of the Minister of Defense,
Regulation of the Commander of the TNI, Rule of Rulers, Orders and Cooperation Agreements in order to achieve the goal of
realizing the fulfillment of the need for electronic warfare equipment to support the Indonesian Air Force's electronic warfare
operations.
CONCLUTION
Based on the results of the discussion, several conclusions were obtained, namely as follows:
In accordance with the SWOT analysis above and combined with the Strategic Planning and Forecasting theory from William
Archer and William Overholt as well as the development of the strategic environment, five strategies were set to implement the
above policies, namely as follows: electronic warfare organization in the Indonesian Air Force's operational unit; fulfillment of the
need for validation of the graphic organization; second, realizing the fulfillment of the need for software to support the
implementation of the Indonesian Air Force's electronic warfare through the revision of the operational instructions and technical
instructions for the maintenance of electronic warfare equipment; third, realizing the readiness of personnel implementing electronic
warfare operations through the provision of manning personnel according to the needs of the organization; providing education and
training; and fourth, realizing the fulfillment of the need for electronic warfare equipment to support the Indonesian Air Force's
electronic warfare operations through the procurement of new electronic warfare equipment; and fifth, realizing the fulfillment of
the need for supporting infrastructure for the implementation of the Indonesian Air Force's Electronic Warfare through the
construction of a centralized electronic warfare database storage facility infrastructure.
Military Campaign Strategy To Keep Indonesian National Air Regional Sovereignty
IJSSHR, Volume 05 Issue 02 February 2022 www.ijsshr.in Page 541
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