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Sustainable Operations and Computers 3 (2022) 203–217
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Sustainable Operations and Computers
journal homepage:
http://www.k eaipublishing.com/en/journals/sustainable-operations-and-computer s/
Understanding the adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies in improving
environmental sustainability
Mohd Javaid
a
,
∗
, Abid Haleem
a
, Ravi Pratap Singh
b
, Rajiv Suman
c
,
Ernesto Santibañez Gonzalez
d
a
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
b
Department of Industrial and Production Engineering, Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
c
Department of Industrial & Production Engineering, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
d
Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Talca, Curicó, Chile
Keywords:
Industry 4.0
Applications
Dimensions
Environment
Sustainability
Technologies
Industry 4.0 technologies provide critical perspectives for future innovation and business growth. Technologies
like Articial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), Big data, Machine Learning (ML), and other advanced
upcoming technologies are being used to implement Industry 4.0. This paper explores how Industry 4.0 technolo-
gies help create a sustainable environment in manufacturing and other industries. Industry 4.0 technologies and
the crucial interrelationships through advanced technologies should impact the environment positively. In the
age of Industry 4.0, manufacturing is tightly interlinked with information and communication systems, making
it more scalable, competitive, and knowledgeable. Industry 4.0 provides a range of principles, instructions, and
technology for constructing new and existing factories, enabling consumers to choose dierent models at pro-
duction rates with scalable robotics, information, and communications technology. This paper aims to study the
signicant benets of Industry 4.0 for sustainable manufacturing and identies tools and elements of Industry
4.0 for developing environmental sustainability. This literature review-based research is undertaken to identify
how Industry 4.0 technologies can help to improve environmental sustainability. It also details the capabilities
of Industry 4.0 in dealing with environmental aspects. Twenty major applications of Industry 4.0 to create a
sustainable environment are identied and discussed. Thus, it gives a better understanding of the production
environment, the supply chains, the delivery chains, and market results. Overall, Industry 4.0 technology seems
environmentally sustainable while manufacturing goods with better eciency and reducing resource consump-
tion.
1. Introduction
Industry 4.0 paves the way for a social and technological transfor-
mation that would dramatically transform the whole of the global land-
scape. The information is integrated into the component and can be
managed, for instance, ordering missing parts and setting the individ-
ual production parameters. At the same time, clients are kept updated
about the latest production situation. When the plant starts operation,
more data are generated. The accurate output and the actual product
performance data can be gathered, analysed and retrieved into develop-
ment. Here, Industry 4.0 technologies enhance and optimise new tech-
nologies and processes [1–3] .
Today, companies and non-prot organisations worldwide spend a
lot of time, money, and energy developing new ways to ght the past’s
∗ Corresponding author.
E-mail addresses: mohdjavaid@jmi.ac.in (M. Javaid), ahaleem@jmi.ac.in (A. Haleem), singhrp@nitj.ac.in (R.P. Singh), raje.suman@gmail.com (R. Suman),
santibanez.ernesto@gmail.com (E.S. Gonzalez).
harmful consequences. Industry 4.0 technology enables the manufac-
turing lines, business processes and teams to collaborate regardless of
location, time zone, network and any other aspect. It is quicker to scale
output up or down in a smart factory. This result in higher revenues for
a production facility. The cloud and Big data will ensure that the IoT
and Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) devices link the user experience
and create super lean manufacturing. Cloud storage is highly ecient
and feature-rich, as well as exible, up-to-date, and stable. Cloud also
provides a popular forum for connecting goods to the company across
international borders, and it is well-suited to handle IoT-generated big
data [4–6] .
Adopting socially responsible and environmentally sustainable ac-
tivities must require manufacturing, which provides positive large-scale
impacts on global health. If peoples’ sustainability focuses on solving
business problems, it can contribute to signicant nancial and environ-
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susoc.2022.01.008
Received 16 May 2021; Received in revised form 9 September 2021; Accepted 24 January 2022
Available online 26 January 2022
2666-4127/© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license
( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
M. Javaid, A. Haleem, R.P. Singh et al. Sustainable Operations and Computers 3 (2022) 203–217
mental impact. Using sustainable development as a founding philosophy
would revolutionise how companies work instead of an afterthought. To
identify suitable solutions for environmental issues such as waste con-
trol, resource optimisation, carbon neutrality and water, technologies
such as AI and Machine learning (ML) can be used [7–10] .
A sustainable mindset builds a constructive feedback loop that will
lead to more and more individuals and organisations. A general change
in attitudes would probably reect the relaxation of regulations and
current legislation to promote sustainable growth. Industry 4.0 con-
nects machines, sensors, and other appliances to people responsible
for monitoring the process for production and eciency through wire-
less networking technologies and IoT capabilities. These technologies
openness gives operators extensive knowledge necessary for appro-
priate decisions. It improves connectivity, enabling operators in any
part of the production chain to gather big data and expertise to as-
sist development and recognise crucial areas for creativity and change
[11–13] .
The comparative advantage of developing countries in low-skilled,
low-cost manufacturing is threatened by the rising automation of repeti-
tive poorly-skilled activities. Innovations require higher-level expertise,
increase manufacturing capital intensity, raise the value of innovation
ecosystems and make it attractive for producers to have good digital
technology and readiness. The infrastructure in today’s hubs increases
eciency and partially compensates for increasing incomes; it also re-
duces the capital costs and slows down the need for export overseas to
lower-salary countries. Indeed, new developments in industrial demand
have returned to some industrialised economies. Other considerations,
such as market proximity, skilled work provision and environment syn-
ergies, play an essential role. The technologies of Industry 4.0 and green
manufacturing go hand in hand and guide the production talks. In the
meantime, environmental costs and long-term growth are now consid-
ered [14–17] .
The advancement of a sustainable attitude involves collectively in-
forming, innovating, and developing environmentally friendly, cost-
eective, and people-based practices. If we want to save the world and
aspire for a sustainable future, we must act now and do our part because
of the seriousness of the imminent climate crisis. Industry 4.0 combines
developments in emerging technology, advances in robots and articial
intelligence, advanced sensors, cloud computing, the IoT, mobile en-
forcement and many other applications. Production methods and pro-
cedures have advanced for decades and allowed companies to increase
production, eciency and output [ 18 , 19 ].
Problems of reliability with the machine’s connectivity can be
reached entirely by Industry 4.0 by increasing eciency and stability
standards. Information Technology (IT) safety issues are being taken
into the fold much more urgently. In the meantime, career preparation
could be aimed at maintaining and supervising cyber networks, an en-
vironment in which demand for technical employees would probably
grow. New ways of human/computer interaction will eventually emerge
in anticipation of the next revolution. Cyber networks and cognitive
computing will also contribute to greater output consistency since tech-
nology reduces the human error component from the production line
tasks. This transition could lead to more reliable product lines for manu-
facturers in the industry [20–22] . Various research papers are published
on Industry 4.0, but this paper aims to discuss the benets of Industry
4.0 for sustainable manufacturing. For carried out this study, relevant
research papers are undertaken and identied the signicant applica-
tions for a sustainable environment.
1.1. Need for the study
Industry 4.0 technologies empower to connect all stakeholders, in
addition to raw material and products, into a resource for sustainabil-
ity and future growth. There is a requirement to study the capabilities
of Industry 4.0 technologies in sustainable environmental aspects. In-
vestors, customers, the media, regulators, and other stakeholders are
putting growing pressure on companies to consider their environmen-
tal impacts and respond to them. Climate change aects what we make
and how we market it. It delivers a positive triple bottom line. Today’s
sustainable business must eectively cover social, nancial, and prof-
itability targets. The most promising aspect of Industry 4.0 has been
the convergence of virtual and physical worlds [ 23 , 24 ]. It has sparked
interest in business and academia. Exciting new market entrants, faster
newer product concept launches, and more engaging user interfaces can
help manufacturers create a sustainable environment. Industry 4.0 can
derive critical knowledge from product and user experience relations to
develop environmentally friendly products. Industry 4.0 will continue
to inspire creativity for many years; there is still so much established
technology available. Industry 4.0 has brought together many of the
innovations that we need to run our company and created a growing
forum that will help us to expand and evolve. Digital data is combined
with intellectual property in the management of the company’s sustain-
able product details. To drive manufacturers, production, and service
networks, all that makes special is contained within a single version of
the reality [25–27] .
1.2. Significant benefits of industry 4.0
Manufacturers have implemented their plans on Industry 4.0 inno-
vations that are now ahead of their competition. They can step into
the subsequent manufacturing and delivery era with modular, eective
automation optimised by data-driven input, oering complete control
oversupply and material ow. The advantages of Industry 4.0 include
enhanced competitiveness and performance, improved versatility and
resilience, and increased protability. Industry 4.0 would also boost
consumer service. Smart Factory technology is fascinating and thrilling;
the advantages of Industry 4.0 should still be key to every conversa-
tion. This encompasses technology that enhances robotics, machine-
to-machine connectivity, over-the-counter manufacturing and decision-
making. The technologies of Industry 4.0 enable the manufacturer to
achieve better, ecient products. In other terms, this can generate more
and quicker while making the capital more cost-eective and reliable
[ 28 , 29 ].
These innovations make it possible to democratise data, provide in-
sights at a broader level, and incorporate Industry 4.0 and its software.
Industry 4.0 vision will render the devices interconnected and create
a connection beyond the manufacturing plant walls. Data has become
a modern asset for several businesses. Huge volumes of data from sen-
sors and equipment have enormous importance, which is well organ-
ised. Right now, in the factories, there is a desire to upgrade creativ-
ity rather than replacing it. Investment in capacity building and culture
transformation is the most signicant action. Upskilling in analytics and
emerging technology would train the workforce for a changing world
and make them primed for further learning while keeping them rele-
vant [ 30 , 31 ].
It is also vital to exploit these innovations through its entire value
chain and outward penetration into inter-organisational supply chain
networks. It would be an ecient use of AI and machine learning from
real-time data collected around the supply chain while oering smart
insights to better decisions. All this is not feasible without a strong net-
work of partners, such as start-ups and tech companies, that will cre-
ate easy-to-access and inexpensive technologies to make this revolution
possible. Moreover, academia will undertake research and development
to advance technologies further. Industry 4.0-enabled manufacturing
can monitor, track and track raw materials and process work through
dierent manufacturing processes to ecient and accurate outbound
shipment. Using a mix of robotics and sensors, manufacturers will have
complete control over their plants’ content and data ow. This regula-
tion level is crucial for consistency and productivity in the digital world,
where consumer needs and the working climate rapidly evolve [32–34] .
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M. Javaid, A. Haleem, R.P. Singh et al. Sustainable Operations and Computers 3 (2022) 203–217
1.3. Requirements of industry 4.0 for developing a sustainable environment
A policy must be developed that allows companies to take up In-
dustry 4.0 correctly. Continuous retraining and upgrading are critical
because technology development and automation remove many work-
ers and create new ones. Industry 4.0 can perform across markets and
regions dierently. Thus, a ‘transformative’ industrial policy would be
required to tie them together with new digital technology. It would en-
tail an entirely new range of expertise focused on greater versatility and
the use of information and process visibility in real-time. The line con-
gurations may have to be changed for a particular product, execution,
and the operator. This may need to step away to replenish the line and
be trained on another process according to the daily needs, repairs, or
adjustments required. With the growth of industry 4.0, factories in the
continents experience transition. The basis for revisiting almost every
part of traditional industry, from production lines to factory oors to
supply chains, are new technical possibilities and data resources [35–
38] .
The IoT is essential for every initiative of Industry 4.0, as well as in-
dustrial IoT technology. The entire philosophy of Industry 4.0, includ-
ing robots in a production factory, sensor dispensers in a greenhouse,
and systems in the hospital, includes data collections from all kinds of
devices and sensors. IoT aims to collect data. Running these AI/ML ap-
plications needs a great many businesses. The physical systems respond,
use software to analyse actions and track outcomes. Computers and net-
works monitor and coordinate physical processes using Feedback loops.
The concept focuses on embedding machines and applications into de-
vices where computing is not the rst use but is an operation and ma-
chine learning loop. Industry 4.0 matters as its related applications help
almost every production company, from small to medium-sized compa-
nies to major companies, under every motto and corporate language.
Organisations who have taken up and incorporated components of In-
dustry 4.0 into their companies have prospered [39–41] .
1.4. Industry 4.0 for sustainable manufacturing
A trending theme in Sustainable Manufacturing has made phenom-
enal progress in the last many years. Sustainable manufacturing seeks
to integrate into the industrial sector the fundamental values of sus-
tainable development. It contributes to increased environmental, so-
cial, and economic eciency. Industry 4.0 is a philosophy of socio-
technology that includes the interaction of technological, social, and
organisational aspects by incorporating digitalisation technologies, big
data, Cyber-Physical Structures, virtual reality and cloud computing. In-
dustry 4.0 possesses enormous potential for Sustainable Manufacturing
to allow greater productivity by improving procedures, reducing lead
times and improving corporate eciency. The production sector re-
mains confronted with several obstacles and threats [42–45] .
Big data, analysis, and deep learning seem to look anonymous, and
there are signicant shifts in most of our day-to-day technology. Some of
these improvements have been made more regular and ecient to com-
municate with machines and knowledge. Technology has been accepted
more and more by all-important industries in recent years, and there is
no exception in the energy industry. The substitution of paperwork by
digital electronic devices is no longer the sole concern of technology ad-
vancement. The next move is the reinvention of how businesses operate,
communicate and collaborate with their clients [ 46 , 47 ].
Industry 4.0 is an established concept that includes sustainable au-
tomation and data in an intelligent factory environment to optimise de-
mand and increase exibility and performance. The sustainable digital
transformation entails these developments in the construction of smart
grids, green energy management and distributed output. Around the
same time, hardware suppliers and software development rms have
gained expertise in creating and integrating corporate applications for
big business processes, focusing on internal dependability and environ-
mentally sound protection. Digitisation oers businesses the possibility
of creating innovative business models, renewable energy production
and energy supply plans as prices decrease and technology grows expo-
nentially [48–50] .
1.5. Research objectives
Industry 4.0 is genuinely transformative, and its primary goals are
to drive organisations to achieve the required success parameters. The
most common strategic goals for implementing Industry 4.0 technolo-
gies are increasing eciency, improving customer service, automat-
ing development, and integrating manufacturing and supply chains. Al-
though the changes in Industry 4.0 are likely to be far-reaching and
widespread, many readers will believe that the trend is evolving. Sev-
eral research objectives are being fullled in this paper, which helps to
take the challenges of Industry 4.0 for developing a sustainable environ-
ment. The primary research objectives of this paper are as under:
Research Question 1: To study signicant benets of Industry 4.0
for sustainable manufacturing
Research Question 2: To identify tools and elements of Industry 4.0
for developing environmental sustainability
Research Question 3: To study Industry 4.0 processes towards En-
vironmental Sustainability
Research Question 4: To study major developments through Indus-
try 4.0 to create a sustainable environment
Research Question 5: To identify and study Industry 4.0 applica-
tions for developing a sustainable environment
1.6. Research method used to write this paper
This literature-based review is carried out by reading many related
papers, blogs, and books on industry 4.0, sustainability, the environ-
ment, and other related topics. Then, the authors made a critical assess-
ment of these works about the research problem under consideration.
This literature review provides a detailed status on studying the specic
subject. This paper typically follows an organisational pattern and incor-
porates conceptual categories regarding Industry 4.0 for sustainability.
Almost 218 research papers are identied and studied to carry out to
write this paper. The research area is new & upcoming, and to conduct
empirical or tool-based research would not have been representative of
the future path.
The purpose of a literature review-based study is to have a deeper
understanding of the research issues under consideration. We have also
tried to explain how the work relating to these technologies provides
novel approaches to interpreting previous studies. Here, reviewing, cri-
tiquing, and synthesising representative literature on a topic generates
new structures and perspectives on the subject in an integrated manner.
This literature review-based paper provides details on how these In-
dustry 4.0 capabilities in the environmental aspect. Previous literature
reviews studies regarding this area are sucient, but some lack some
broad reviews. This paper summarises various published articles in re-
puted journals and endeavours to gain new information in a technical con-
text. Basic, applied, analytical, qualitative, quantitative, and other types of
research are briefly discussed.
1.7. Some study on industry 4.0 for a sustainable environment
Today’s industries are placing a greater focus on improving their
sustainability eciency. Apart from industries’ requirements, there is
an increasing reaction to various regulations, and sometimes, the exec-
utive board demands to adapt to more environmentally friendly oper-
ations. We also see that many employees are passionate about greener
production. So, Industry 4.0 technologies are introduced to create a sus-
tainable environment platform. Many businesses are now focusing their
energies on balancing sustainability targets, considering people, the cli-
mate, and the prot. Industry 4.0 is changing the game, undermining
the long-standing status quo and providing the expertise and guidance
205
M. Javaid, A. Haleem, R.P. Singh et al. Sustainable Operations and Computers 3 (2022) 203–217
Fig. 1. Creating environmental sustainability through dimensions of Industry 4.0.
required to enhance sustainability eciency, especially at the manufac-
turing level [ 2 , 5 , 7 ].
Digital technologies have, in reality, been assisting companies with
sustainability success for decades, with an emphasis on energy con-
servation, emissions reduction, and value chain optimisation. Renewed
strategies must be focused on market and value chains, and better vis-
ibility and analysis are needed to achieve success. With the abundance
of IoT technologies available today, businesses need to nd a solution
to provide particular emissions or wastes associated with various pro-
cess choices. Many companies are now using a range of digital resources
to reduce their energy usage and production waste. On the other hand,
businesses have historically calculated performance in dollars or other
local currencies [ 10 , 13 ]. Today’s performance criteria are shifting to-
ward reducing pollution and improving eciency metrics that modern
technology can oer. This digital revolution is reshaping the opportuni-
ties for Industry 4.0, which oer sustainability. It provides the develop-
ment of more remote socioenvironmental sustainability functions like
energy harmful emission reduction, sustainability, and social welfare
improvement [2] .
2. Various industry 4.0 dimensions helping towards developing
environmental sustainability
Fig. 1 reects the numerous key dimensions of the Industry 4.0 phi-
losophy for developing an overall sustainable environment. The major
Industry 4.0 dimensions for sustainability are energy, material, natural
resources, waste & emissions, amongst others. These dimensions are fur-
ther being sub-categorised as; the utility of land, water, and recyclability
in case of resources; loss rate, utilisation in case of energy section; scrap
rate, the method employed, and smart processes in case of materials;
and hazardous level, ozone depletion and greenhouse impacts in case of
waste & emissions. The proper following-up with these dimensions fur-
ther gives an edge towards sustainable environment development [51–
53] .
A healthy society utilises its human, environmental and nancial
resources to address existing needs and ensure enough future genera-
tions resources. Industry 4.0 brought progress and made much of the
work in factories and manufacturing facilities in smart machinery and
other technical equipment. This moment encourages us to think about
the role and value of people in the workplace. Additive manufacturing
has been creating signicant development for many years. There have
been innovations available for a long time, and implementations were
often limited to prototyping. In recent years, a new wave of innovation
and application has arisen, expanding beyond engineering and design
into small and medium-scale manufacturing. Manufacturers have made
it clear that they expect many technologies and solutions to be open
source as the Industrial Internet of Things continues to spread across
the global manufacturing industry [54–57] . With the successful imple-
mentation of Industry 4.0 technologies, there is a reduction of waste,
time, energy and helps to create a smart production system.
It is also important to remember that plastic packaging is essential
in some areas, such as pharmaceutical and medical. The technology of
Industry 4.0, such as robotics and modular electronics, has contributed
to plastic manufacturing processes that mitigate water use and imme-
diate wastewater washing, signicantly reducing the eects on water
systems of plastics. Computer simulated realities can enhance manage-
ment practices in the industry. The management of resources, such as
tools and work through various immersion technologies, becomes more
straightforward. Increased reality helps the industry to maintain its in-
ventory eectively. A worker will nd a component needed in a big
warehouse with a smartphone. Argument reality will also navigate to
take the shortest path to a component in another part of the industry to
transport it. This would also increase employees’ eciency and help to
obey complicated procedures. A sustainable society has many individ-
ual interests taken into consideration and addressed them eectively.
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M. Javaid, A. Haleem, R.P. Singh et al. Sustainable Operations and Computers 3 (2022) 203–217
It is an eective area and security for various cultures and viewpoints,
where every industry has its decision-making table [58–61] .
3. The adoption of environmental sustainability in industry 4.0
Industry 4.0 is characterised as a series of ecologically sound, stable,
and long-term social and economic growth factors and principles. This
is being implemented across a wide variety of applications to create en-
vironmental sustainability. Technically speaking, every digital company
wants to make a dierence, so it opts for environmental sustainability
today. We face the real problems today: the already warming environ-
ment, overconsumption of non-renewable energy, depletion of biodi-
versity, widespread deforestation, extreme natural catastrophes, large-
scale emissions of carbon dioxide, low air and water quality. The indus-
try must benet from sustainability by using Industry 4.0 technologies
[62–64] .
Industry 4.0 can demonstrate the business case, develop appropriate
safety models and applications. A well-supported device integrator may
provide experience in private wireless networks. It may be the one who
has the expertise and, above all, has trusted ties with the actual technol-
ogy supplier in question. Technology vendors bring real-world, sectoral
integration expertise to Industry 4.0 manufacturing scenarios and de-
vice integrators charged for making transformation commitments. Solid
knowledge of legacy cable environments and the smooth integration of
wireless technology solutions without interrupting current activities is
available to the right technology partners. Connecting our shop oor to
a digital twin that matches the actual virtual would have an ongoing
optimisation loop that allows scalable and agile production processes.
Based on the collection and analysis of big data, businesses must con-
sider what happens on their workshop oor to provide a platform that
enables them to develop and validate simulations and to run oor op-
erations; a plant that turns data into practical information for creativity
and operational improvement [65–69] .
Connected factory and Industrial IoT connected plant all machines
collaborate, using data, IoT, and automation to monitor and monitor all
production facets. Our range of industrial IoT scenarios has been im-
proved by developing components that streamline and protect our cus-
tomers’ digital operations. Technologies in Industry 4.0 should realise
that there is no danger of digital transformation, risks to cyberinfras-
tructure, expensive capital expenses or other problems. Leaders should
also cautiously address the issues they may face and their impact on
competitiveness over the long term [70–72] .
The coronavirus pandemic has also shown the importance of digital
technology in the potential protection of the environment. Road and air
circulation have been drastically diminished in recent months, reducing
greenhouse gas pollution with the numbers of people living at home and
depending on internet resources to travel, shop and take them out every
day. The challenges paved the way for digitalisation, and the introduc-
tion of new enterprises focused on a new modern environment that con-
tains no touch with any operation and transaction [73–75] . This is the
time to transform the digital system instead of thinking around it. Many
jurisdictions have created smartphone apps that link key health systems
and advise consumers of best practices, self-assessment, risks and other
COVID-19 advisories. The apps often alert consumers of a positive result
that allows them to isolate themselves or call the provider in the event
of symptoms [76–79] .
In order to better explain the COVID-19 virus, its dissemination, and
how patients reacted to the therapy, Articial Intelligence was intro-
duced to review data sets, pathology records and patient knowledge.
Major IT rms, insurers, insurance and nancial service providers, and
schools participate in an unprecedented telecommuting trial. Virtual of-
ces for workers save time, resources and energy expended on trac
and help to balance jobs and sustained growth and development. Over-
head reduction and increased eciency are part of the incentives for
workers [ 80 , 81 ].
Digital platforms and services provide banks with opportunities to
simplify their processes, recognise repetitive and tedious activities, and
discuss automation solutions with their range of technology partners.
Blockchain banking makes transfers quicker and cheaper. The authenti-
cated transactions are contained in blocks sealed with hash locks. These
blocks consist of a blockchain, as other networks validate the lock on
the blocks. This transaction cannot be changed and are immune from
undesired changes. Dierent websites and apps permit live streaming.
Revolution will occur in the supermarket and internet shopping indus-
tries during the COVID-19 pandemic [82–84] .
4. Tools and elements of industry 4.0 for developing
environmental sustainability
The key Industry 4.0 tooling for environmental sustainability areas
include; Internet of things, data-based cloud computation, dierent prin-
ciples of Industry 4.0, product and process related aspects, etc. Fig. 2 is
highlighting the various tooling of the Industry 4.0 concept for creating
a sustainable environment. With the proper arrangements with proposed
industry 4.0 tooling and tact, sustainable environment development can
be accomplished. These specic aspects are further elaborated as; in-
teroperability, real-time system, big data and real-time facts, life cycle
assessment, smart production, the utility of sensors, digitalisation, etc.
[85–89] .
The existing business will change with new technological advances,
such as articial intelligence, the Internet of things, big data, etc. Arti-
cial Intelligence is one of the main components of industry 4.0, which
allows machines to think, learn, and make decisions. Human beings
have been trying to improve their ability and strength since the dawn
of humanity. These toolings provide reliable equipment for advanced
research [ 90 , 91 ]. Another technological advancement is the IoT, where
computers can interact with others. IoT can move factories to intelli-
gent towns, villages, intelligent cities, cars, and houses into intelligent
homes. Another critical element in Industry 4.0 is extensive data anal-
ysis. It is mainly designed to collect input and data from customers so
that manufacturers can deliver goods and services for them. It provides
adequate on-time services, so resources and time will be saved [ 92 , 93 ].
Industry 4.0 has a signicant eect and changing its fundamental
basis on the global economy. To make decisions, engineers use the re-
sults of big data analytics from the system. This knowledge gives pri-
ority to modications and measures to be taken to prevent unplanned
downtimes of machines. Big data analysis means predictive mainte-
nance, which cuts response time dramatically. The automation of supply
control is another form of manufacturers using Big Data Analysis. This
means that the human input and action required in a production facil-
ity are reduced [ 94 , 95 ]. It operates by studying historical records of a
manufacturing chain, connecting them to real-time production details,
and automating physical improvements to equipment by actuators and
sophisticated robotics that are linked to control tools. The control pro-
gramme uses Big Data Analytics to provide these actuators and robotics
with targeted commands that change physical equipment/machinery
congurations without any human interaction. In reality, technical ad-
vances have mostly been progressive, and revolutions in the past have
usually taken place over many decades. In other words, the rst time
that modern cyberinfrastructure has been embedded in industries [96–
98] .
5. Industry 4.0 processes towards environmental sustainability
Fig. 3 shows the conceptualised ow of the Industry 4.0 processes
towards environmental sustainability. The major steps in process ow
areas of industry 4.0 aspects are process integration and sustainable out-
comes. It all starts with applying smart and digital dimensions, which
further enables eective and sustainable culture throughout. The smart
developments in methods/processes are the essential elements for the
production of environment supportive products. Integration is about the
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M. Javaid, A. Haleem, R.P. Singh et al. Sustainable Operations and Computers 3 (2022) 203–217
Fig. 2. Specic Industry 4.0 tooling for implementing sustainable ethos.
Fig. 3. Industry 4.0 Process ow towards environmental Sustainability outcomes.
man and machine interface and their association with real-time man-
agement and virtualisation carried with smart factories [99–102] . The
sustainable outcomes arrived in the economy, safety, operator health,
environmental protection in dierent dimensions, etc.
Intelligent production allows manufacturing to be upgraded and an-
chored even in advanced manufacturing. Specic practical innovators
in the so-called manufacturers’ revolution take advantage of a tendency
to connect innovation and production. It promises a more eective pro-
duction method that often includes increasingly ecological processes, re-
manufacturing tools, reusing ingredients, and organic inputs. In sustain-
able production, unhealthy emissions are reduced by harvesting alter-
native energies and energy-ecient illumination, equipment, and ma-
chinery. This often enhances the buying experience of many consumers
[103–105] .
Industry 4.0 increases consumer service and lives in even other ways,
such as advanced robots aid in industrial eciencies and, for end-users,
provide better devices. Additive manufacturing makes it easy to cus-
tomise materials to create new structures and forms with fewer tools and
waste. Industry 4.0 ′ s philosophy calls upon creating a zero-waste policy
in a digital circular economy, reducing material usage, and a radically
new approach to product design and supply chains. Sensors today sense
temperature, moisture, and other related details in the spray room; thus,
when any change occurs, machines’ working, the corresponding envi-
ronmental settings also deviate from the optimal setting [ 106 , 107 ].
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6. Significant developments through industry 4.0 to create a
sustainable environment
Industry 4.0 incorporates the latest technical developments in manu-
facturing and combines cyber-physical structures such as the Internet of
Things and the Internet of Services, respectively. The computer was im-
plemented in production in the past, while this transformation concerns
the intelligent interrelation of processes, coordination, and decision-
making without human interaction. The objective of Industry 4.0 is to
change the current architecture, production and services processes. Op-
erators and distributors have used this for years to reduce uncertainty
and increase performance. Lean values allow change as well as a lean
and intelligent organisation. In order to build lean supply chains and net-
works, industry 4.0 technologies are implemented. The digitalisation of
the equipment leads to the modernisation of lean and new developments
in technology. It is the only way to achieve successive organisational ex-
cellence [ 108 , 109 ].
Industry 4.0 is used to achieve overall eciency and produc-
tion maintenance. Digital changes include adaptive engineering, au-
tonomous robots, increased truth, big data and analysis, cloud infras-
tructure, cybersecurity, and horizontal and vertical device convergence.
By integrating Industry 4.0 and lean, ecient maintenance systems can
communicate and relay information to other systems. In modern market
vital cases, the knowledge and research study assists experts in making
decisions. The machine will foresee malfunction, recongure itself and
also respond to change with the proper study. Predictive management
would include analysing extensive data through continuous real-time
tracking, sending alerts based on predictive techniques such as regres-
sion analysis. The mining sector has the secret to keeping global growth
at existing rates. However, the need for environmentally responsible
and safe natural resources alternatives increases worries about climate
change and emissions [110–112] .
The ecological eects of mining operations can be sharply reduced
by technologies like carbon capture and storage, capturing carbon diox-
ide from an underwater storage place and trapping it for thousands or
millions of years in the atmosphere during the mining process at their
source. It keeps a stable environment behind the mine closing and re-
generation at the end of the mining period. Scientists have produced
a plant growth polymer in metal-contaminated soils. Modern produc-
tion is a growing digital, automated and complicated industry that relies
heavily on computers and advanced technology. Industry 4.0 has been
given a currency to explain the movement towards rising networking,
automation, and articial knowledge [ 113 , 114 ].
Digital solutions are critical to ecient factory preparation as the
benet of a conventional continuous production principle can be com-
bined with the exible assembly’s stability. This increased versatility
makes it possible for us to adapt much faster to consumer needs. In com-
parison to the traditional conveyor system, it also needs less investment.
The lack of raw materials, ecological degradation, and climate change
are constant threats to the production of natural resource-based compa-
nies. Therefore, their goal is for the longest time to pursue sustainable
solutions that allow economic development without further degrada-
tion of the climate. Creating sustainable value by structured methods,
including products, processes, and systems-level creative techniques for
sustainable production, Industry 4.0 creates a positive impact. This re-
quires the almost perpetual movement of closed-loop materials across
the course of production through eective waste management systems,
lean manufacturing best practices, and technologies adapted to sustain-
able industrial practice [115–118] .
Sustainable technology in manufacturing makes it environmentally
safe and methodological clean. The stigma associated with the ecologi-
cal equilibrium of our dierent habitats has been met by industrialisa-
tion. Lean manufacturing is an advanced approach for the production of
parity in industrial development with other socio-economic structures.
This is used to Reduce, Reuse, Recycle and Recover the resources as an
auxiliary mechanism to achieve sustainable production. Major develop-
ments of Industry 4.0 to create a sustainable environment are as under:
a. Smart production using Industry 4.0 technologies
Smart production can be described as the convergence of IT tech-
nology working in an integrated way in real-time. Digital technology
detects and records tags by automatically electric elds. The chips have
been used, and recent developments in designs have improved their re-
liability to the extent to which they can now be used for production
purposes. Many industries now use chips to monitor their inventory, re-
duce unexpected downtime and increase the use of assets. Industry 4.0
has the notion that humans, procedures and technologies are smoothly
combined. Thus, it is necessary to merge them at a rate that would not
confuse workers [ 119 , 120 ].
First, perform a readiness evaluation to identify prospects for simple,
inexpensive and ecient innovations in Industry 4.0. The use of drones
can collect data at various project stages to advise models, instruments,
automated reports, inspections, and higher decision-making and per-
formance analysis. Industry 4.0 technologies are a solid base as new
processes are already being integrated and continue to transform their
faces. Services undergo ongoing updates of the obsolescence of outdated
devices and technological programmes to continue to function. Control
and monitoring systems that provide essential alarm control, process
and water operator control, data collection and historical capabilities
are without exception [ 121 , 122 ].
b. Industry 4.0 for the water industry
Industry 4.0, in particular, provides new possibilities for improved
asset control, such as real-time remote tracking, intelligent water mea-
surement or alarm-driven preventive maintenance. Through reliable
surveillance, it oers ways to improve climate reaction times, enhance
community response and contact networks, and ensure continuous wa-
ter availability to rural and urban areas. Such capacities allow the water
industry to satisfy emerging demands, eciently handle facilities and
supplies and maintain operating costs while serving better customers
more and faster. The industry eld is now progressing through the tran-
sition journey undergone by retail and nancial institutions for the last
many years [ 123 , 124 ].
c. Industry 4.0 for reducing energy consumption
By using IoT technology, intelligent cities aim to improve their qual-
ity of life while reducing energy consumption. Businesses will come to-
gether to ensure that metropolitan communities play an essential role
in the energy revolution. The utility rms expect to develop a vision of
clever neighbourhoods and intelligent technology, such as smart park-
ing. This involves the analysis of infrastructure and capacity to deliver
resources under the new business model. It processes to ensure that re-
lationships between the state and the private sector oer people and
stakeholders common benets. This means that companies and commu-
nities are seriously attracted to projects, support innovations, and build
competitive business models [ 125 , 126 ].
In reality, a manufacturer will approximate gures and establish ar-
guments that show the potential to reduce energy consumption in man-
ufacturing operations, increase yield and scrap, and reduce transporta-
tion costs due to fewer customer claims. Industry 4.0 technologies can
help one understand what he/she wants to accomplish from the start of
the innovation process and can be used to make decisions at each sub-
sequent phase. This always forecasts the anticipated value from techno-
logical, eciency, and other related perspectives as per the experience
with research and innovation [ 127 , 128 ].
d. Transparency of information through Industry 4.0
Interconnection and transparency of information enable operators
to make decisions both inside and beyond manufacturing installations.
This ability to simultaneously integrate local and global intelligence
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tends to enhance decision making and improve eciency. Big data ana-
lytics is used to nd valuable associations, patterns, trends, and desires
for businesses in advancing computer technology in enormous data sets.
Big data analytics in industry 4.0 play a part in several elds, including
smart factories, where production-machine sensor data are analysed to
anticipate the need for maintenance and repair operations.
Manufacturers experience production performance, realise their
real-time data through self-service systems, predictive optimisation of
maintenance, and production control automation through their use. Big
data analysis companies use large volumes of client data to improve
strategic decisions by understanding habits and picking up trends. It col-
lects enormous data from intelligent sensors through Cloud Computing
and IIoT platforms to detect patterns that increase supply chain man-
agement eciency [ 129 , 130 ].
Big data analytics will allow them to detect secret output factors. Us-
ing the root of the issue to explain the underlying cause of the bottleneck
factors, producers use selective data analysis. This encourages produc-
ers to increase production while reducing expense and waste disposal.
In order to optimise the supply chain and price improvement, prediction
of faulters, product creation and smart factory design, big data analytics
is essential. The adoption of self-service engineering analysis will help
consolidate huge volumes of large data from manufacturing facilities.
The self-service framework breaks the data down in real-time, tracks
patterns, errors, and visualises key decision-makers.
e. Industry 4.0 for improving air quality
The stable power supply network can be linked to virtual power
plants and renewable energy infrastructure, including solar panels.
These facilities use intelligent grid software-based technologies. Auto-
mated solutions can signicantly reduce city emissions and the air qual-
ity index. No smog is being generated, and the air gets cleaner. Trac
management and less congestion can take place on the roads. It will
reduce our energy intake, waste and carbon emissions in our cities sub-
stantially by being intelligent. There is a need for platforms to maximise
reuse, recycle and refresh culture in dierent sectors on a zero-waste ba-
sis to meet the national sustainable goals [ 131 , 132 ].
The vision of a common market is made possible by digitisation. It
allows owners, landlords, and related online rms to share their hous-
ing, vehicles, bikes, and appliances. Digital transformation sharing is the
solution to overconsumption and cost-eciency. The green tech era is
on the rise, with a new digital transition in neck and neck. However,
the inclusion of both was hardly ever an option. Only in recent years
has new technologies and sustainability been combined with exponen-
tial growth. Any organisation requires digital processes on a broad scale
to satisfy the basic needs of a company. Cumulative digitisation thus
oers a great chance to achieve sustainable objectives.
f. Industry 4.0 for controlling of operations
The manufacturer can gather data on assembly and control oper-
ations using Industry 4.0 embedded technology such as smart instru-
ments, laser projection and industrial cameras. This enabled the team
to increase eciency, traceability and competitiveness. Industry 4.0,
building a world in which intelligent engineering helps advanced tech-
nology such as AI, IoT, virtual reality and robotics. Today, industries
are launching changes that enable our customers and partners to get
this fact ever closer to the top of their businesses to improve safety,
competitiveness and reliability [ 133 , 134 ].
In particular, intelligent factories should be built to focus on inter-
operability, as it ensures that inputs function to the desired results. This
is sometimes because the individual internal or external organisations
are untrustworthy. The historical record reveals that manufacturers and
businesses normally full their expectations. Manufacturers should look
for better use of the cloud for informative analytics and get familiar with
decentralised innovation processes. This will also need to use modern
methods, such as crowdsourcing, to provide usable data sets. Technol-
ogy innovations have also contributed to the development of electron-
ics, computers, and aerospace. Today, technologies like AI, robotics, 3D
printing, sensors and more are driving us into Industry 4.0. This latest
wave of disruption is now a major driving force. The way the business
and the broader economy works will probably change [ 135 , 136 ].
g. Supply chain interconnection using Industry 4.0
The supply chain interconnection goes well beyond the production
business. The whole supply chain can also be linked horizontally, includ-
ing vendors. Industry 4.0 creates societal uncertainties close to those in
which computers were engaged at the time; it is vital for the process in-
dustry’s future, particularly the production sector. Industry 4.0 is more
like a regulated mechanism than the wild revolution. It can forecast that
future worlds in an automated way, which will denitely impact manu-
facturing and maintenance. Sensors play a key role in adopting Industry
4.0, rather than just a signicant smart supply chain. The data generated
by sensors must be interpreted correctly and always be of excellent qual-
ity. In the future, sensors will be found far past the actual manufacturing
procedures, even in industry 4.0 [137–139] .
Industry 4.0 technologies also contribute to upstream, downstream,
and concurrent systems, such as predictive maintenance. All higher-
level devices without the proper sensors are blind and wrong decisions
are taken with inaccurate measurement results. The maintenance team
should be surprised that the measuring data output depends on com-
petent and swift sensor calibration. It consists of transforming technol-
ogy that will aect both companies, automate and rene the oor using
smart machines. Virtual reality transforms manufacturing systems and
installation lines at the plant and gives producers the ability to demon-
strate their goods or processes to consumers in a simulated world. It
makes it possible to solve problems and provides consumers with a qual-
ity product. This data, often stored by IoT devices, detects trends that
indicate imminent events.
7. Industry 4.0 applications for a sustainable environment
Industry 4.0 combines physical operations and manufacturing with
digital technology. Organisations can use machine learning and real-
time data processing to improve eciency, streamline processes, and
boost development. Manufacturing will now fully enter a sustainable
age with the help of Industry 4.0 technologies. Digital manufacturing
boosts productivity, performance, versatility, and reliability, making
businesses more protable and long-lasting. Prospective improvements
in output volumes and eciency and lower overhead, operational, and
capital costs are key motivators for manufacturers to invest in smart
manufacturing [ 140 , 141 ]. There are also sustainability advantages that
favour workers and the environment, such as increased resource and
energy productivity, deployment of sustainable infrastructure, worker
health and safety, and improved quality of life. Table 1 discusses the
signicant applications of Industry 4.0 for a sustainable environment.
Industry 4.0 can be used to better understand the qualitative and
quantitative advantages of smart manufacturing as a result. These sup-
port suppliers’ operations are component packaging and product trans-
portation and reduce transportation costs and delivery time. The net-
working base must be as stable, secure, and future-proof as possible to
solve most pain points and gain value in plant operations. 5 G tech-
nology holds great promise as a single infrastructure capable of serv-
ing large-scale, sensitive, and industrial automation applications. 5G-
enabled cyber-physical networks and advanced cellular IoT is laying the
groundwork for the fourth industrial revolution [216–218] . Internet of
Things can help to improve industrial productivity and better under-
stand the climate eect. Industry 4.0 arrives just in time for the most
crucial decade for climate action. Better networking of 5 G would make
IoT deployment much more supercial. The use of remote experts is
one exciting technology idea we are implementing on the factory oor
[219–221] . Virtual reality can help troubleshoot and interact with an
on-site technician.
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Table 1
Signicant applications of Industry 4.0 for developing a sustainable environment.
S
No Applications Description References
1 Sustainable Smart factories Industry 4.0 is becoming common in tomorrow’s smart factories as more companies
re-orientate their production processes to be more environmentally friendly and sustainable.
Manufacturing industries are the foundation of the global economy in several respects. A
business organisation can look further for connected factory equipment, AI-enabled energy
systems, and industrial IoT devices. Industry 4.0 technologies enable responsible
consumption and development, intending to do more. As a global organisation, the ecient
use of natural resources and the environment is managed through circular economy thinking
and climate awareness.
[142–145]
2 Reduced carbon footprint and
pollution control
In the reduction
of plastic, carbon footprint and water pollution, factories around sectors
have progressed. It depends on the technologies of Industry 4.0, such as robotics, renewable
energy, data collection and forecasting, IoT and digitalisation. For production, the needs of
electricity, waste, or conventional fossil fuels are not necessary. Applications of these
technologies are used for research and development institutes. This subsequent research and
development cover solar energy consumption, energy safety and lightweight materials.
[146–148]
3 Sustainable buildings Industry 4.0 has many applications to create a sustainable building, from architecture to
ongoing management. Architects now use building information modelling software to
optimise buildings for
sustainability. Digital technologies may incorporate elements such as
eco-friendly bacteria that naturally repair structures into industrial and commercial
structures. With the use of Industry 4.0 technologies, sustainable design and architecture are
now possible. Heating and cooling systems will self-regulate for energy eciency in
real-time once they have been installed. Sensors and IoT devices can tell environmental
control systems to switch o the lights and air conditioning when people leave a building.
[149–151]
4 Digital information for positive
environmental impact
This includes our company’s products and services and the use of digital information and
communication technology to mitigate the positive environmental impacts of
other
industries. Related cases within the manufacturing process have been identied, analysed,
and applied in industries to prove and quantify smart manufacturing’s positive impacts using
digital technologies. It has embarked on a bold digital transformation initiative to boost
operational productivity, occupational health and safety, and collaboration with the product
design unit to ensure design alignment with the manufacturing process.
[152–155]
5 Enhanced sustainable benets These technologies come up with a general approach to dealing with the complexity of
technology, manufacturing, and sustainability eect analysis to enhance the sustainability
benet of smart manufacturing. Manufacturing processes evaluated and clustered based on
supporting technologies
and criteria such as 5 G cellular wireless connectivity, the Internet
of Things, machine learning, and augmented reality. New ideas became real use cases that
improved business, sustainability, and integration amongst producers, suppliers, and
customers.
[156–158]
6 Service management Industry 4.0 is realised by linking measurement instruments and manufacturing enterprises’
complete knowledge and automation infrastructure in energy and services management.
Extension of collecting, transferring and storing capabilities of vast data volumes relating to
energy supply use, production and transition. The proliferation of data and increased access
to computer resources enables special articial intelligence techniques to facilitate variable
detection and analysis of
interest patterns in various industries.
[159–162]
7 Increase in productivity A general goal is to increase an operation’s productivity, competitiveness, and overall
investment using Industry 4.0. The advantages are direct and can lead to an acquisition,
outcome, and reinvestment virtuous cycle. More competition leads to improved nancial
performance, and the extra cash in hand can boost capacity and productivity. The
management of energy is one of industry 4.0 ′ s essential foundations. This is used in
organisations’ proactivity to consume resources and services eciently. Furthermore,
integrating various power generation sources into a more demanding and dispersed market
would require.
[163–166]
8 Enhancing the environmental
innovation
All environmental innovations are covered by the latest automation and industrial sharing
theme by using Industry 4.0. The transfers of knowledge between people and machinery
have enhanced the automated factories’ processes, increased eciency and reduced waste
production. The IoT is the wired machinery, sensors, actuators, and computers network that
collects information and shares information. A digital twin is a virtual model of physical
properties, processes, systems, and equipment, thereby showing both the system’s elements
and dynamics. Digital twins can provide future planning, data collection, device surveillance
and much more. Cyber-physical systems are known to integrate computational, network,
physical processes, and environmental innovations in the system.
[167–170]
9 Perform the required job Machine learning is a branch of AI where computers can be programmed to take data and
think about it instead of coding the machine to perform a job. One of the primary research
and development programmes has identied opportunities to include small and
medium-sized businesses through education, strategic investment, grants, task forces, and
advanced research initiatives. Most of the work is undertaken to develop mechanisms to
ensure that personal and company data are not misused in this sector.
[171–173]
10 Production optimisation Cloud computing network works together
with such that an outside observer believes it is a
single entity. This data can be used for production optimisation, process failure prediction
and downtime reduction etc. Interoperability enables the freely and eciently transfer of
knowledge to each unit, sensor, actuator, device, robot and human being. Cloud systems
tend to run the machine and other computers in industries. Big data and analytics refer to
the vast and dynamic data sets available from various machine learning technology sources.
Industry 4.0 develops approaches, principles and solutions that provide safety and
production optimisation in the industries. The emphasis is on prevention strategies that can
be integrated into programmes from the beginning while at the same time modernising
existing systems to satisfy current safety criteria.
[174–177]
( continued on next page )
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Table 1 ( continued )
S
No
Applications Description References
11 Develop skill and exible automation Training and preparation systems are needed to help people develop skills to succeed in
emerging industry 4.0 occupations. This provides better solutions to enable businesses and
ensures the workforce necessary for potential employment by including vocational and
academic training options. There are various technology developments revolutionised in
business and the industrial sector over the last few hundred years. There are already many
technical elements of Industry 4.0; thus, the revolution puts together computers, systems and
goods. Robots are an essential part of exible automation, and they are used in many
applications, from welding and plasma
cutting to assembling and nishing for industrial
production. Robots also give suppliers of all sizes several possible advantages. Robot systems
can enhance quality management, a healthy work environment, decrease bottlenecks,
increase eciency, enhanced worker satisfaction and more if properly applied.
[178–183]
12 Environmentally friendly Increased levels of automation increase productivity and improving worker safety. Remote
control and haptic feedback over 5 G can now control heavy machinery. This has the
potential to save lives and make it more environmentally friendly. This has improved mining
safety and operations and delivered other IoT use cases such as ventilation system
automation, real-time sta and vehicle
monitoring, and remote-controlled machinery.
[184–186]
13 Addressing climate change This provides practical strategies and tools for addressing climate change and broader
sustainability priorities, positively impacting industries. The exponential roadmap provides a
partnership between technology innovators, scientists, private industry, and non-prot
organisations. The global economy is rapidly reaching a tipping point. The rapid
advancement of digital technology is creating new consumer opportunities and altering the
way to do business. It can also have a signicant eect on the long-term viability of
economies by introducing new business models and enhancing protection, inclusivity,
aordability, and long-term growth for all stakeholders.
[187–190]
14 Handle whole
industrial functions Industries looking at automation to help them handle whole industrial functions must realise
the value of access to the most up-to-date data. With an organisation connecting to cloud
storage, all related data is available anywhere and wherever needed. Engineers may extract
additional information to help them accomplish their tasks more eectively by connecting
cameras and sensors. It can provide full assembly details for the product to enable
manufacturing engineers to directly show the shop oor issues to the maintenance team.
Nanotechnology and 3D printing can now be integrated with manufacturing systems and
supply chains, making production more exible and
using energy more eciently.
[191–193]
15 Minimise wastage Lean methods were embraced vigorously by the automotive industry. Lean is about getting
waste out of all production aspects. Lean thought allows producers to buy less, from
packaging and raw materials to energy. The response to climate change is also a chance to
boost protability and expand industry whilst developing a green image and sustainable
development. The concentration of low-cost sensors with integration and big data analysis
appears to have an eect that makes an eective manufacturing system. These innovations
provide suppliers with new insights into how to optimise their manufacturing processes and
supply chains for reduced prices and improved customer experience. Smart production
practices help minimise waste and greenhouse gas pollution along the way, whether by
mistake or design.
[194–196]
16 Automobile lighter part for better fuel
economy
Additive manufacturing is being used to make smaller, heavier parts that can be used to
replace complicated assemblies. This advanced manufacturing technology saves material and
makes the automobile lighter part for better fuel economy. This makes the production
process less dicult than stamping and welding. Industry 4.0 technologies also allow
producers to become more sustainable by nding ways to use fewer resources and content.
Therefore,
many are searching for process innovations. Worldwide, manufacturers are
pressurised to reduce their environmental eects. It involves learning the incoming requests,
identifying and applying environmentally-friendly activities that are most appropriate, and
tailoring them to meet the industry needs.
[197–200]
17 Rapid identication and removal of
various issue
In most sectors, signicant improvements in new product development times and time to
market have been achieved. It results in signicant cost savings for both the business and in
manufacturing. This new level of detail can allow for the new product direction, preventative
maintenance, and the rapid identication and removal of issues. However, the
variety of
approaches and applications available and the lack of unied legislation make it impossible
for companies to address any of these issues independently. In combination with premium
software resources and industry-specic databases, sustainability consulting services assist
businesses of all sizes and industries to address their specic environmental performance
requirements through Industry 4.0 technologies. These technologies can change the factory
oor based on discrete manufacturing.
[201–204]
18 Control electronics machines Industry 4.0 counters that new-found cyber-technology manufacturing convergence provides
paralleled control for electronic machinery. When wholly extended at each level, Industry
4.0 builds independent factory networks that can execute physical operations
without human
hands intervention and immediately x imperfections. Some of Industry 4.0 ′ s more visionary
which enables productions to network globally. In other words, geographical borders
between factory areas stop in the virtual context, so cloud computing and articial
intelligence are used to link IoT infrastructures in all factories.
[205–207]
19 Improve market eciency In order to improve market eciency and modelling, the relationships and complexities
between sustainable production cover overlap zones, alignment, and categorised features of
various processes by systematic and cost-eective waste management. Progressive rms use
renewable energy sources in the manufacturing, distribution and supply chain operations for
the power sector and emerging technology. Also, businesses use creative approaches and
technology to make better energy use, reduce duplication and maximise eciency.
[208–211]
( continued on next page )
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Table 1 ( continued )
S
No
Applications Description References
20 Recycling of waste materials The sustainable production processes are supported by practices such as extended and
repeated use of raw materials by recycling, internal waste material use and interdependent
markets for dierentiated by-products. Many industrial establishments that have improved
ecological production designs in companies have shown improved eciency. Industry 4.0 is
the future gains in production resource eciencies with large quantities of data by robots.
This improves working practices and even health care which owing to broader ranges of
services.
[212–215]
8. Discussion
Industry 4.0 redenes the digital revolution through the new market
models, increased engineering investments, simplied workows, shift
detection/projective analysis and increased industry cooperation. Here,
data can be captured in ever-increasing solutions, enabling studies by
introducing advanced instrumentation technologies and analysing man-
ufacturing processes.
Sophisticated physical instruments can now view physical quantities
in energy and utility management, understanding processes and mea-
suring variables ranging from applied control. The driving force behind
this revolution in manufacturing and distributing goods and services is
progress in data, analytics, and networking. Technology development,
including articial intelligence and virtual reality and the IoT, connects
persons, devices and data in new ways and how they interact. Indus-
try 4.0 provides a rare ability to exploit and integrate quality into the
broader corporate approach regarding technical advantages. Worldwide
there are several examples of industry 4.0, which takes hold and trans-
forms everything from manufacturing to consumer service. There has
certainly never been a better time to implement Industry 4.0.
Designs built on personalised knowledge can be generated digitally
using Industry 4.0 technologies and associated software’s. The risks
posed by possible faults in the production, marking and packaging in-
dustry are all too evident. It is essential to be alert and carry out strict
tests and controls suitable for Industry 4.0 technology. These can pro-
duce more of the same things when using economies of scale was one
of the principal advantages of the early shifts in manufacturing. This
delivery is an essential task for mechanical manufacturers. Industry 4.0
promises to provide precisely the required solutions. Intelligent plants
that have digitally designed any product’s integrated workow make for
unbelievable simplicity and versatility in design and manufacture.
The primary application methods in the data collection, measure-
ment and evaluation, inventory management and quality control, and
input and in-process components and nished goods are concerned. The
net result is that the product consistency and procedures can be guaran-
teed and improved with a good result. The digitalisation of production
collaborative processes is a powerful mechanism for sustainable and ac-
celerated development. Organisations will take the best steps towards
reducing mistakes and additional costs by employing decentralisation,
interoperability, and virtualisation. Active data is sent directly to the en-
gineers and other related computers via IoT-enabled equipment and sen-
sors. Apps will send out notications when servicing or repair is needed.
Production line data can help engineers track and optimise processes.
IoT assists manufacturing engineers can make practical decisions. Using
computerised analytical instruments and procedures, Big Data may de-
tect repetitive patterns, themes, and relationships. Industry executives
are increasingly keen to engage in big data processing to identify pro-
cesses that need improvement. It makes improvements that contribute
to productive production processes.
9. Learning from this study
Industry 4.0 is in the new industrial revolution, which can be helpful
in various manufacturing industries green. Since smart factories gener-
ate vast amounts of data, a data analyst, a machine learning specialist,
and a Big Data expert are needed to work with the data, extract insights,
optimise processes and equipment, and keep the factory running. This
recognises an opportunity and prepares us for a new task by using new
technologies. Data can be used to conclude almost everything. Previ-
ously, it was challenging to keep track of and gain insights into busi-
ness models and production costs without digitisation. The industry’s
smooth operation was disrupted by resource outages, power demand,
and energy shortages, amongst other things.
However, with the use of robotics, articial intelligence, and ma-
chine learning, it is now easier for factories to collect data on all of these
issues and work toward creating a factory that can deal with power, raw
material, and energy constraints. This would signicantly reduce manu-
facturing costs while also assisting businesses in being more competitive
and stable. It has been around for a few years and will continue to grow
in the coming months, bringing with it more creativity and quality. It
is now up to us to take advantage of this industrial revolution stage
and build a more meaningful, purpose-driven, and sustainable environ-
ment. This framework aims to act as a manual and guide for Industry
4.0 applications that promote sustainability principles. It focused on an
organisation’s decision to resolve which sustainability concerns are im-
portant.
10. Future scope
Industry 5.0 is the future and is now a new trend that enhanced
human-machine connectivity and cooperation. This transition in cyber-
physical networks summarised in Industry 4.0 has developed into In-
dustry 5.0, radically changing our way of living, working and connect-
ing. The next wave of technological revolution needs to describe how
we work together and dene the laws for the contact between people
and machines. As more of the automation, machine intelligence, and
even robotics job history assists the workers and take over major parts
of distribution, production, and operations, the degree of cooperation
between individuals and equipment will change. The rapid rate of tran-
sition challenges all employees, states, lawmakers and regulators. The
value of involving people in the process has been attributed to industry
5.0. Manufacturers will be forced to incorporate technology to enable
customisation, product creation, after-sale operation, and other func-
tions to meet rising demands.
Digital solutions will provide exible manufacturing, increased ef-
ciency, and the emergence of new business models. Nevertheless, the
future of manufacturing holds even more promise and will open up new
ways for both discrete and process industries to meet their customers’
unique needs. The Digital Enterprise allows businesses of all sizes to in-
corporate and digitise their operations. Digitalisation can begin at any
point in a company’s value chain. The digital twin is created when a
new product is developed, a new plant is planned, and a new product is
produced using digital tools. Industry 4.0 technologies allow for quicker
and more ecient innovation while still having far fewer resources. 5 G
networks, in addition to providing exibility, also oers the type of la-
tency that manufacturers need for both current and future systems, a
vital necessity for any type of factory automation task and many Indus-
try 4.0 applications.
213
M. Javaid, A. Haleem, R.P. Singh et al. Sustainable Operations and Computers 3 (2022) 203–217
For a variety of factors, Industry 4.0 will become highly topical and is
increasingly signicant in manufacturing. To put it as clearly as possible,
Industry 4.0 is the next generation of technology that will drive opera-
tional performance. There are many main reasons by which manufactur-
ers will gradually implement Industry 4.0 technologies. Manufacturers
would benet from machine monitoring solutions, predictive mainte-
nance techniques, and other advanced operational technology that will
help them minimise downtime, improve throughput, and lower the over-
all cost of producing quality components.
11. Conclusion
Digital automation of sustainable energy operations is one of the crit-
ical factors that Industry 4.0 technologies can enhance. IoT solutions in-
clude robots and data analysis in the mining, oil, and gas sectors to meet
the energy companies’ operating productivity standards. Digitalisation,
which aects various sectors positively, also has more and more impact
on their smart supply chains. In the inspection of facilities and lines,
drones and IoT sensors are used and create sustainable environment op-
portunities. Intelligent grid metres have up-to-date oil, gas, water, and
energy demand data. IoT systems may also detect temperature, humidity
and vibration changes, enabling system malfunction to be avoided and
human protection increased. Digital twin enables an enterprise to track
critical success metrics using input obtained from IoT systems connected
to its physical twin. The aim is to incorporate data in machine learning
applications, alert operators to possible problems, anticipate the costs,
and provide environmental solutions. A virtually unlimited amount of
manufacturing data can be processed in the cloud using digitised data
for a sustainable working platform. Advanced technologies can manu-
ally collect data into a digitised data collection system that can be used
to train new employees to develop advanced algorithms using historical
data. The manufacturer must respond rapidly to changing demand, new
product trends, the skills gap, and other unforeseeable challenges in the
future.
Financial and personal relationships
None
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