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Vol. 2, No. 1, 2021, Hal. 14-24
Jurnal Pamomong
ISSN: 2774-583x
Website Jurnal: http://pamomong.iainsalatiga.ac.id
14
MANAGEMENT GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING IN SCHOOL
Heppi Sasmita1, Neviyarni2, Riska Ahmad3, Yarmis Syukur4
1 Poltekkes Ministry of Health Padang, Indonesia
2,3,4 Padang State University, Indonesia
Informasi Artikel
ABSTRACT
Histori Artikel:
Diterima 11 Juni 2021
Revisi 20 Juni 2021
Disetujui 25 Juni 2021
Management of guidance and counseling in schools is an activity
that is carried out within a certain period of time. In order for
guidance and counseling services to be carried out effectively and
efficiently, in its implementation, guidance and counseling
management must be carried out properly. Changes that occur in the
behavior of students at school certainly provide an illustration for
BK teachers to carry out various service activities, where one form
of service which is at the same time the spearhead of all guidance
activities is counseling activities. The provision of ongoing
guidance and counseling services to students shows that the
counselor profession is dynamic. The ability of guidance and
counseling teachers to anticipate and choose strategies in
accordance with the demands of these needs and developments will
be a powerful ammunition to be able to deal with the various
dynamics and changes faced For this reason, an understanding of
some of the roles of guidance and counseling teachers (counselors)
needs to be considered well and the success in the implementation
of guidance and counseling can be seen from how the counselor is
able to manage each existing service so that the counselor at school
can function properly according to the educational goals that have
been planned. previously in the school environment.
Penulis Korespondensi:
Heppi Sasmita,
Email:
heppisasmita@yahoo.com
Keyword: Management; guidance and counseling; school
INTRODUCTION
Guidance and Counseling (BK) is an important element in supporting the success of
educational programs in schools. Guidance and counseling services play a role in helping
students develop themselves optimally. Guidance and counseling is a treatment system
device aimed at helping each student to develop optimally according to his potential
(Nursalim, 2015). Guidance and counseling services are an inseparable part of the overall
educational program in schools so that good planning is needed so that the BK program
and the school program can be in line with both and there are no clashes.
Guidance and counseling services in schools is an attempt to assist students in the
development of personal life, social life and learning activities. Guidance and counseling
Sasmita, Neviyarni, Ahmad, Syukur – Management Guidance And... 15
services facilitate the development of individual, group and classical students according to
their needs, potentials, talents, interests, developments, conditions, and opportunities. This
service also helps overcome weaknesses and obstacles as well as problems faced by
students.
The Ministry of National Education mentions the importance of guidance and
counseling services regarding efforts to facilitate students to be able to develop their
potential or achieve developmental tasks involving physical, emotional, intellectual,
social, and moral-spiritual aspects (Menteri Pendidikan RI, 2008). Students as the main
element of the school are individuals who are developing so they are vulnerable to
problems that can affect their learning outcomes. Therefore, the presence of guidance and
counseling services in schools is very necessary but in its implementation there are still
various obstacles. The obstacles include BK teachers who do not have a background in the
field of guidance and counseling, the unbalanced ratio between BK teachers and students,
ideally 1:150 in accordance with Permendiknas Number 39 of 2009 concerning
Fulfillment of Teacher Workloads and Education Unit Supervisors, Article 1 paragraph 6
states that the teaching burden of guidance and counseling teachers (counselors) is to
provide guidance and counseling for at least 150 (one hundred and fifty) students per year
in one or more educational units. In addition, there are still many schools that have not
managed BK services properly (Menteri Pendidikan RI, 2009). For example, preparing
BK programs is not based on feasibility studies, analysis results, and does not involve
stakeholders schoolto formulate program plans. This condition will certainly have an
effect on the implementation of BK in schools for that, of course, management is needed
so that it can achieve the goals of education that have been set to run well.
Tohirin (2013) argues, in general the meaning of management itself is a process of
planning, organizing, directing, and supervising the efforts of organizational members and
the use of other organizational resources in order to achieve the organizational goals that
have been set. Sugiyono (2012) states that guidance and counseling management is an
activity that begins with planning guidance and counseling activities, organizing activities
and all supporting elements of guidance and counseling, mobilizing human resources to
carry out guidance and counseling activities, motivating human resources so that guidance
and counseling activities achieve common goals and evaluate guidance and counseling
activities to find out whether all service activities have been carried out so that the results
16 Jurnal Pamomong, Vol 2, No 1, 2021, Hal 14-24
can be known. Thus, it can be understood that the management of guidance and
counseling is an organizing activity in which there is planning, implementation of
activities, and evaluation so that the activities carried out can run effectively and well
organized.
The implementation of good management in schools for guidance and counseling
services will result in efficiency and effectiveness. Because with the guidance and
counseling in schools, it is possible to develop the potential of students to achieve
independence. For this reason, good implementation and service strategies are needed so
that educational goals can be carried out properly.
METHOD
Researchuses the type of library research, namely research whose data is obtained
from literature studies or related literature, then analyzed theoretically-philosophically,
concluded and raised by relevance and contextualization. The approach used is a
phenomenological approach to see how the management of guidance and counseling in
schools so that the goals of Islamic education are achieved effectively, efficiently and
productively
DISCUSSION
Basic Concepts of Management and Its Application in Counseling Guidance
Management is a process by which the implementation of a certain goal is carried
out and monitored. According to, management is the achievement of predetermined goals
through the activities of other people. Management is a typical process, which consists of
planning, organizing, directing and controlling actions carried out to determine and
achieve the goals that have been set through the use of human resources and other sources
(Simamora, A.L & Suwarjo, 2013).
Some of the explanations above explain that management is a series of arrangements
or organizations to achieve a certain goal, in other words that management is a series of
activities where a process of planning, organizing, directing and controlling is needed to
achieve certain goals. In its application to counseling guidance activities, it can be taken a
basis for the management of counseling guidance services that refer to the basic concepts
and management functions so that counseling guidance services are organized and run
Sasmita, Neviyarni, Ahmad, Syukur – Management Guidance And... 17
smoothly in order to achieve a goal by optimizing students so that they can direct,
organize, and understand themselves and are able to make decisions independently and
purposefully.
Guidance is a process in which an expert provides assistance to individuals who use
processes, methods and materials in an effort to help individuals to solve their problems
independently, and counseling is a process of assistance provided by an expert through
interviews with individuals in order to find out and provide solutions to clients. Therefore,
guidance and counseling is a very important component in schools. According to Frank
Person, guidance and counseling is a means given to an individual so that he can choose
and prepare himself to take on responsibilities and make progress in the responsibilities he
chooses. (Yahya, 2020). Guidance and Counseling is intended to develop a person's
identity and explore the potential that exists within him. This indicates that guidance and
counseling are indispensable for cognitive, effective and psychomotor development if
there is harmony between subject teachers and counseling guidance teachers.
The potential that is explored in the identity of a student is directed to all areas of
guidance, namely the field of personal guidance, the field of social guidance, the field of
study guidance and the field of career guidance. This field is in line with the position of
guidance and counseling formulated in Permendiknas No. 22 of 2006 concerning the
standard content of Elementary and Secondary education units, Guidance and Counseling
as activities related to self-development from personal, social learning and career
problems (Rachmawati, dkk., 2013). Exploring the potential of a student in finding his
identity must be accompanied by the services of a BK teacher who understands Guidance
and Counseling, a good Guidance and Counseling service must be with good managerial
as well, this is intended so that in exploring the identity of a student it can be more
positive. Good Counseling Guidance Teachers or Counselors are managerial and
competent in their services in order to realize the vision and mission of the school
concerned.
Achieving the goals of Guidance and Counseling must be more systematic to
achieve educational goals in schools. Guidance and counseling are never separated from
planning, because unplanned guidance and counseling can give an indication of inefficient
achievement of educational goals. Thus, there is a need for guidance and counseling
18 Jurnal Pamomong, Vol 2, No 1, 2021, Hal 14-24
purposes. According to (Wekke, 2018) research objectives are broadly classified into two
types of research, namely:
1. General Objectives. The general purpose of Guidance and Counseling is in accordance
with the objectives of education, which is stated in the Law on the National Education
System (UUSPN) of 1989 (UU No.2/1989), namely the realization of all Indonesian
people who are intelligent, have faith and fear God Almighty and have good character
noble, have knowledge and skills, physical and spiritual health, and have responsibilities
to the nation and state.
2. Special Purpose. The Specific Objectives are in accordance with Permendiknas No.
22/2006 concerning the standard content of Elementary and Secondary education units,
Guidance and Counseling as activities related to self-development from personal, social
learning and career problems. Of course the Specific goals that must be achieved are
related to the personal aspects of a student.
With the guidance and counseling, a student feels more cared for by the teacher, so
that the potential that will be explored in a student is much better. The openness of
students in all aspects of their personal problems can relieve the burden that is in the mind
of a student. This will make it easier for students to learn at school. The learning received
by students will be more effective, because quality learning is synonymous with more
effective learning (Wiyono, dkk., 2021).
Guidance and counseling management is all efforts used to optimally utilize all
components and information systems in the form of guidance data sets to provide
guidance and counseling services in order to achieve goals. (Zamroni & Rahardjo, 2015).
Management of management-based counseling guidance services, really needs to be
applied, Guidance and counseling services can refer to the main functions of management,
namely planning, organizing, directing and controlling (PODC).
1. Planning (planning). In the planning process, you must first set goals and targets for the
implementation of counseling guidance services, after determining and setting targets,
then formulating strategies to achieve the goals and targets of counseling guidance
services. Next, determine the resources needed to support the service process, then set
standards or indicators of success in achieving the goals and targets of implementing
counseling guidance services.
Sasmita, Neviyarni, Ahmad, Syukur – Management Guidance And... 19
2. Organizing . At this stage in its application the process of counseling guidance services,
namely allocating resources, formulating and assigning tasks and establishing the
necessary procedures for the process of guidance and counseling services. Furthermore,
establishing an organizational structure that shows the lines of authority and responsibility
in the implementation of services, then the activities of placing human resources in the
right position.
3. Directing (directing). At this stage, activities are carried out to direct and implement the
leadership, mentoring and motivational processes for BK teachers so that they can work
effectively and efficiently in serving the counselee in achieving the goal of making the
counselee independent. Furthermore, providing routine tasks and explanations regarding
the service implementation process to match the objectives to be achieved, and explaining
the established policies.
4. Supervision (controlling). In this supervisory function, the steps taken are evaluating
success in achieving service goals and targets in accordance with predetermined
indicators, then taking clarification and correction steps for deviations that may be found
in the process of counseling guidance services, carrying out various alternative solutions
to various problems related to achievement of the goals and targets of the service.
In conclusion, the process of counseling guidance services that refers to the basic
concepts of management will become an track orderlyor flow in order to achieve the goals
of counseling guidance services, namely optimizing the development and independence of
individuals in living their lives in a healthy and optimal manner and individuals can
regulate or manage their lives in order to achieve goals. life (self-management).
Guidance and Counseling Program Implementation Strategy
Guidance and counseling services are the main facilities provided by a counselor in
the process of developing student character. Because counselors as agents of change must
of course be more open to clients or students, in carrying out their duties counselors are
required to carry out counseling guidance by compiling a counseling guidance program
that refers to the components of counseling guidance services according to
(Purwaningrum, 2018), namely:
1. Basic services or Guidance Curriculum. Basic service is a process to provide assistance
to all counseling through activities that are prepared in a classically structured manner that
20 Jurnal Pamomong, Vol 2, No 1, 2021, Hal 14-24
are presented systematically or structured in carrying out their duties both long and short
term in accordance with the development tasks needed to develop the ability to choose and
make decisions in living their lives. Basic services are classified into classical guidance,
orientation services, information services, group guidance, and data collection services. A
good basic service gives an indication of the pattern of counseling thought, the pattern of
life exemplified by a counselor will be attached to the counseling person, therefore in
shaping the personality of a counselor must be accompanied by a competent counselor.
2. Responsive Service. Responsive services are carried out in order to pay attention to
counseling quickly to solve and provide solutions to the problems they face. Responsive
services aim to respond quickly to problems that occur to counseling related to personal,
social and educational problems. Counselors are required to pay more attention to the
surrounding environment so that various kinds of problems faced by counseling can be
responded quickly. Meanwhile, responsive services accompany aspects of individual and
group counseling, referrals as referrals or transfer of hands, collaboration of subject
teachers and or homeroom teachers, collaboration of parents, collaboration of related
parties outside school, consultation, peer guidance, case conferences, home visits. and all
who pay attention to the environment of a counselor.
3. Individual planning. Individual planning is carried out to provide solutions to
counseling in choosing decisions and determining life goals for the future of a counselor
by understanding the strengths and weaknesses of a counsellor. Individual service
activities are intended to assist all counseling in planning, formulating and implementing
activities that encourage their future in terms of their weaknesses and strengths, and
provide an overview of the opportunities that exist around them. (Budi, dkk., 2020).
4. System Support. System support is part of the support in the implementation process
and the smoothness of counseling guidance services (Rachman, dkk., 2020), The
development of the system can provide excellent and effective service to counseling,
development requires the development of a system to facilitate counseling in
communicating and telling stories about personal problems. Actually system services can
be used as an important component in planning programming components, however, the
implementation of this system is often forgotten by most people.
However, the system service is still an alternative for counseling to communicate
with the counselor. When viewed from the nature of the service system, it is easier for
Sasmita, Neviyarni, Ahmad, Syukur – Management Guidance And... 21
counselors to carry out administration and management of guidance and counseling
programs. The time limit through this service is the main thing that must be seen and
applied to counseling to make it easier on all sides. Viewed from the point of view of this
system service, the activities carried out can support the three components above, these
activities areDevelopment Networking and management activities.
The types of counseling services carried out by guidance and counseling teachers are
as follows: a) Orientation services, namely services that help students understand the new
environment, b) Information services, namely services that help students receive and
understand various personal, social, and social information. study, career, and further
education, c) Placement and distribution services, namely services that help students get
the right placement and distribution in classes, study groups, majors/study programs,
training programs, internships, and extra-curricular activities, d) Content Mastery
Services, namely services that help students master certain content, especially
competencies and or habits that are useful in school, family, and community life, e)
Individual Counseling Services, namely services that assist students in alleviating their
personal problems, f) Group Guidance Services, namely services that assist students in
mentoring personal development, social relations skills, learning activities, careers, and
decision making, as well as carrying out certain activities through group dynamics. g)
Group Counseling Services, namely services that assist students in discussing and
alleviating personal problems through group dynamics, h) Consulting Services, namely
services that assist students and or other parties in gaining insight, understanding, and
ways that need to be implemented in dealing with the conditions and or problems of
students, i) Mediation services, namely services that help students solve problems and
improve relations between them (Fatimah, 2009).
Guidance and Counseling services are expert services by counselors. According to
(Zamroni & Rahardjo, 2015) counselors are not actually teachers in the scientific context,
so prospective counselees in the teaching unit are students, educators and education staff
in the education unit. So the management of counseling services in schools is not just
dealing with students. In addition, parents of students also receive counseling services
from educational counselors with topics related to the problems experienced by these
students.
22 Jurnal Pamomong, Vol 2, No 1, 2021, Hal 14-24
Management of Guidance and Counseling
Guidance and counseling have a more ideal concept, because of the functioning of
the concepts and objectives of Guidance and counseling all student problems will be
resolved. As one of the important elements, of course, counseling guidance must have
elements and management that are neatly arranged and achieved well if managed in one
quality management. Management itself is a process for planning, organizing, directing
and supervising the efforts of members of the organization to obtain maximum goals.
(Shafitri & Darminto, 2020).
Basically, directed and systematic guidance and counseling management is an
indicator of the manifestation and accumulation of a counselor's services, with systematic
and directed guidance and counseling management providing guidance on the
implementation of counseling guidance activities while eliminating the impression that
counselors work incidentally and are merely curative. Implementation of guidance and
counseling management is a manifestation of systematic activities where the planning of a
guidance and counseling activity is to be better, how to mobilize existing human resources
in the guidance and counseling organization to achieve the goals of the plan, supervise the
implementation of guidance and counseling and assess the guidance and counseling
activities that have been carried out.
The principles in the management of management are a) the principle of efficiency
and effectiveness, namely where the management function is carried out by considering
the facilities and infrastructure. b) The principle of management, where a management is
carried out systematically and sequentially from each principle, c) The principle of
prioritization, namely where a leader is responsible for carrying out management activities
both internally and externally, d) The principle of leadership where a leader must be wise
in making decisions and able to relate well with all personnel and, e) The principle of
cooperation, namely cooperation is based on the organization of management related to
carrying out tasks in accordance with the expertise and duties of each personnel.
Guidance and counseling management activities are said to be productive if they can
produce output both in quality and quantity. The quality of guidance and counseling
services is seen from the level of satisfaction of counselees who receive guidance and
counseling services. While the quantity of guidance and counseling services is seen from
the number of counselees who receive guidance and counseling services. The actualization
Sasmita, Neviyarni, Ahmad, Syukur – Management Guidance And... 23
of the implementation of guidance and counseling activities needs to be realized that it is
different from other field of study teachers who have been scheduled in detail and clearly,
while for counselors activities can be carried out in the classroom and outside the
classroom, so that counselors are required to be able to allocate activities so that activities
run well and can achieve the stated goals. The management of guidance and counseling
that is directed and systematic is one indicator of the work of a directed counselor, with
the management of guidance and counseling that is systematic and directed.
CONCLUSION
Management is a series of arrangements or organizations to achieve a certain goal,
in its application to counseling guidance activities, it can be taken a basis for the
management of counseling guidance services which refers to the basic concepts and
management functions so that counseling guidance services are organized and run
smoothly in order to achieve The goal is to optimize students so that they can direct,
organize, and understand themselves and can make decisions independently.
Management is very important and needed in an organization, this shows that
management is related to the achievement of a goal. Guidance and counseling in schools
requires management in order to achieve its goals properly. Management of guidance and
counseling is a management activity carried out by counselors to facilitate the function of
guidance and counseling starting from planning, organizing, implementing and evaluating
to achieve the goals of effective and efficient guidance and counseling by utilizing various
existing resources within the educational institution.
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