Content uploaded by Imtiaz Khan
Author content
All content in this area was uploaded by Imtiaz Khan on Jan 24, 2022
Content may be subject to copyright.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v4i2.141
A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T
Key Words:
Aloe vera, honey, turmeric, phytomedicine,
wounds, and healing
Skin naturally acts as a body's protective layer and external environmental factors that can harm
internal body organs are protected by it.So, maintaining skin integrity is vital for normal
physiological functioning.In our daily lives, the bodies of both animals and humans are subjected
to various forms of violence, some of which are severe enough to destroy the skin's continuity.A
wound is a breakdown in the continuity of the skin. When the skin's continuity is disrupted, the
body's interior organs are exposed.There's a risk of death in this case.There's a risk of death in
this case. The skin's immediate response to a wound is the rst step in the healing process,
which begins automatically after the injury has been inicted.It is possible to speed up this
process in a variety of ways, including keeping the wound free of bacterial infection, moisture,
and dirt.A number of antiseptic dressings are available for this purpose, and when applied
topically,they help to speed up the healing process of wounds.They protect the wound from
contamination by microorganisms and speed up the healing process.Among these are Aloe
vera, honey, and turmeric, all of which have considerable wound healing capabilities.Turmeric,
honey, and Aloe vera are all considered good for promoting wound healing.They are involved in
the prevention of platelet aggregation, myocardial infarction, tumour formation, inammatory
cytokine release, oxidative stress, and metastasis.Several studies have demonstrated that they
play a critical function in the promotion of wound healing. Their use for wound dressing has
proven to be a successful method. The primary goal of this review is to summarise previous
scientists' ndings with authentic concluding verse for the use of Aloe vera,Turmeric and Honey
that are safe, readily available, and less expensive.
An external or internal insult can cause a wound. External
assaults such as mechanical trauma, thermal, UV, or gamma
radiation therapy produce many acute wounds. Inadequate
circulation deprives tissues of nutrients and elevates pro-
inammatory cytokines, resulting in necrosis in chronic
injuries (leg, pressure ulcers, and diabetic). Wound curing is
tr aditiona lly sep arated i nto 4 phases : hem ost asis,
inammation, proliferation, and remodeling. The above
steps overlap a lot During the inammatory phase, waste [2].
and germs are eliminated from the injury. In the proliferation
phase, blood vascular invasion, connective tissue, and
epithelial regeneration wound contraction, and wound
*Corresponding Author:
Muhammad Jamil
PARC Arid Zone Research Centre, Dera Ismail
Khan-29050-Pakistan
jamilmatrah@gmail.com
1PARC Arid Zone Research Centre, Dera Ismail Khan-29050-Pakistan
2Department of Clinical Sciences, Sub Campus Jhang, University of veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
3Department of Plant Protection,University of Agriculture, Peshawar-25130-Pakistan
4Sardar Bahadur Khan Womenn,s University Quetta-87300-Pakistan
5PARC Adaptive Research Cum Demonstration Institute Miranshah- 21776 -Pakistan
6PARC Adaptive Research Cum Demonstration Institute Wana- 21776 –Pakistan
7Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan-29050-Pakistan
8Animal science Institute, National Agricultural Research Center, -Islamabad- 54000-Pakistan
9Institute of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi
* jamilmatrah@gmail.com
Reciew Article
Wound Healing Efcacy of Honey, Aloe Vera, And Turmeric
PAKISTAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL
https://www.pakistanbmj.com/journal/index.php/pbmj/index
Volume 4, Issue 2 (Jul-Dec 2021)
Wound Healing Ecacy Of Honey, Aloe Vera, And Turmeric
I N T R O D U C T I O N
Jamil et al.
1 2 3 4 5 6
Muhammad Jamil , Muhammad Kashif ,Bashir Ahmad ,Bibi Sadia ,Imtiaz Khan ,Imran Qazi , Muhammad Fahimullah
7 8 8 9
Khan ,Mubarik Ali ,Muhammad Rasheed , Muhammad Rehan Arif
How to Cite:
Jamil, M., Kashif, M. ., Ahmad, B. ., Sadia, B. .,
Khan, I. ., Qazi, I. ., Khan, M. F. ., Ali, M. ., Rasheed,
M. . , & Ari f, M. R. . ( 2021). Woun d He aling
E c a c y o f H o n e y , A l o e V e r a , A N D
TURMERIC. Pakistan BioMedical Journal, 4(2).
https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v4i2.141
PBMJ VOL.4 Issue 2 Jul-Dec 2021
healing occur. Apoptosis is used to remove superuous
tissue during the rebuilding period Infection, aging, and [3].
deprived circulation are thought to slow healing. Wound care
involves removing the harmful insult rst, then providing the
best possible environment for wound healing. Controlling a
wound's bacterial burden is critical to promoting healing.
Bacterial counts of over 105 organisms per gram of wound
tissue have been shown to impair wound healing in surgical
and chronic wounds Many topical treatments with [4,5].
diverse qualities are now used to promote wound healing.
Surprisingly, most of these products lack convincing
evidence to support their usage To help clinicians [6-9].
better understand the complexities of clinical use of
medical-grade honey, Aloe Vera and turmeric, evidence
indicators like Cochrane reviews can be used to evaluate the
lack of evidence to support their use, as well as select
clinical entities in patients who may benet from treatment
with these therapeutic agents based on their clinical
outcomes. All of these medicinal therapies' biochemical
pr operties, their independent wound healing, and
bacterial/inammatory processes will also be discussed.
HONEY: Honey is gaining popularity in wound care,
especially for burn wounds. Honey has been utilized for
nourishment and healing since prehistoric times [6].
Between 2600 and 2200 BCE, ancient Egyptians used honey
to treat wounds Although the actual mechanism for [6].
honey's wound healing benets is uncertain, research has
concentrated on honey's antimicrobial properties.Honey's
high sugar content makes it hygroscopic, which prevents
the development of microorganisms. Honey's antimicrobial
qualities are complex than merely greater sugar content,
according to research In addition to its antibacterial [10].
qualities, oxidation of glucose to hydrogen peroxide occurs
naturally in honey. And the antimicrobial effects of [6,11,12]
honey seem to vary by oral source. Hydrogen peroxide was
not necessary for the antibacterial properties of manuka
and v iper 's bug loss h oney The an tibacter ial [13].
characteristics of honey are thought to be due to an
unknown component Manuka honey also inhibits [14].
vancomyc in- res ist ant ente rococcus, MRSA, and P.
ae rugin osa speci es In a study, u lmo honey [15,1 6]
outperformed manuka honey against MRSA Finally, [17].
honey had antifungal action Honey increased wound [14,18].
healing in animals, according to histological research.
Histologically, honey reduced edoema, inammation,
necrosis, improved epithelialization, and wound contraction
in rabbits. Honey also increased wound healing on [19]
cutaneous wounds in mice Human studies found that [20]
honey-treated wounds promoted granulation tissue [21,22]
formation, enhanced epithelialization, and [21-24] [21,22]
decreased inammation This was in line with the [22,25].
PBMJ VOL.4 Issue 2 Jul-Dec 2021
earlier animal study data, but clinical observation without
histological proof is limited.
ACUTE WOUNDS : Although medical-grade honey has been
shown to speed up healing in animal trials, human outcomes
have been mixed. Three small randomized single-blind [27-
29] and one small randomized nonblinded controlled trial
[30] showed thathoney may safeguard cancer patients from
radiation-induced mucositis. Using honey and hydrogel
dressings to treat abrasions and minor lacerations were
shown to not affect on healing time in a blind, randomized
study An unblinded study found no difference in [31]. [32]
average healing times between paran gauze, honey, and
iodoform gauze for patients who had toenail avulsions.
Analysis of these 3 studies found no statistical difference
between honey and standard treatment in mild acute
wounds Compared to traditional dressings like silver [6].
sulfadiazine dressing and clear polyurethane lm [25,34-36]
dressing, using honey on minor burns (supercial to partial-
thickness burns) speeds up healing time Honey also [23].
outperformed unconventional treatments like potato peels
[37] [38]. and amniotic membrane Because of the lack of a
description of randomization, the validity of these studies
has bee n calle d into d oubt Meta-ana lys es [6,39].
demonstrated that honey quickened minor burn healing
relative to t he comparator A randomized [6,39,40].
controlled experiment found that early excision beat honey
dressing in mild burns However, the study's strength is [41].
qu es ti on ed du e t o t he lac k o f c la ri ty reg ar di ng
randomization. When selecting burn wound coverings,
clinicians must assess the evidence.
CHRONIC WOUNDS: As previously indicated, many chronic
wounds result from circulation issues. Because topical
medications do not effectively ad dress the primary
circulatory impairment, many currently utilized products
have limited evidence to support their use. Honey was used
to treat venous leg ulcers in two randomized open-label
trials. At 12 weeks, the honey-impregnated dressing did not
affect venous leg ulcers compared to standard dressing
[42]. Both groups used compression. Another study
compared honey dressing to hydrogel in soggy intravenous
ulcers. At 80 days, honey had a slightly higher healing rate
(44%) than hydrogel (33 percent). Both studies reported the
r an d om iz a ti o n a pp ro ac h. B as ed o n t he se t wo
investigations, a meta-analysis indicated that honey and
traditional dressing treat venous leg ulcers equally well A [6].
low-quality randomized controlled experiment indicated
that honey dressing accelerated recovery in Stage I and II
strain ulcers. Another low-quality study indicated honey to
hasten the healing of stage II or III pressure ulcers. The honey
plaster was observed to be equally effective as iodine
treatment in Wagner type II diabetic foot ulcers. None of the
M E T H O D S
DOI: https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v4i2.141
Wound Healing Ecacy Of Honey, Aloe Vera, And Turmeric
Jamil et al.
preceding cited research revealed their randomization
process, raising concerns about their validity.
ALOE VERA PHARMACOLOGY: Wound healing is aided by a
perennial green herb from the Liliaceae family, Aloe vera,
which is the most effective. Located at the top of the stem,
the thick and juicy leaves form clusters. Slightly toothed
lanceolate leaves cover the plant. Red, yellow, or speckled
with red are the colors of the owers. A versatile crop, it is
currently farmed all over the world These include [43,44].
cancer prevention, antioxidation, anti-bacteria, and lipid-
lowering. Antihypertensive. Antioxidant. Antibacterial. Anti-
inammatory. Antiulcer. Antiviral. These are only a few
examples It is also frequently used in the treatment [45–47].
of wounds, burns, ulcers, tumors, constipation, dental
diculties, metabolic syndrome, AIDS, herpes, diabetes,
and psoriasis. For its cosmetic properties, it is utilized in
cosmetics and skincare products, as well as in the food
business, to make health drinks As a medicinal [48–50].
herb, A. vera's leaves are the most commonly utilized portion
of the plant. Syne rgistic effect s of mor e th an 2 00
physiologically active compounds, including carbohydrates,
anthraquinones, and chromones and avones, and alkaloids
as well as amino acids and lipids have been proven to be
responsible for numerous pharmacological activities
[51 ,5 2] . T hr ee se ct ion s m ake up th e A lo e l ea f.
Photosynthesis occurs in the green leaf epidermis, which is
the outermost layer. Phloem and xylem make up the layer's
structure. The xylem transports water, whereas the phloem
transports carbohydrates and other tiny organic materials,
such as cellulose. Leaf epidermis pericyclic cells secrete the
reddish-yellow latex in the center of the structure. As a
laxative, latex can be applied to the skin. Chrysophanol,
emodin, and anthraquinone make up the bulk of the active
component list Tubular cells in the parenchyma [53–55].
form a clear and smooth gel at the heart of the Aloe leaf. Skin
wounds can be treated with gel. With a water concentration
of 98%, polysaccharides are the primary active ingredient in
this formula. In addition, organic acids, vitamins, and
minerals abound in gels [56–58].
ALOE VERA AND SKIN WOUND HEALING: Acne vera is a
mature medicinal plant for treating skin sores. Aloe gel and
Aloe extract can be used for wound healing in the same way
[59,60]. Glucomannan and acetylated polymannan are two
examples of polysaccharides that are essential for wound
healing. Aloin, rhein, emodin, and aloesin are also important.
These compositions have antibacterial, antioxidant,
immunomodulatory, and anti-inammatory effects [61–63].
Wound healing is facilitated by these qualities. Different
growth factors i.e., FGF, epidermal, TGF, VEGF, and
interleukin (IL), inuence cell signaling and ECM activity
during wound healing (IGF). The migration and proliferation
PBMJ VOL.4 Issue 2 Jul-Dec 2021
of epithelial, endothelial, and broblast cells are all
inuenced by basic FGF (bFGF). TGF-b1 inhibits degradation
of the extracellular matrix (ECM), regulates broblast
spread, and stimulates the formation of elastin, collagen,
and bronectin (collagen-like proteins). A. vera's enhanced
synthesis of bFGF and TGF-b promotes collagen deposition,
broblast proliferation, and angiogenesis It is [64,65].
believed that IL-1b, an anti-inammatory cytokine abundant
in phagocytes, epithelial cells, and vascular endothelial
cells, is responsible for activating T lymphocytes. The anti-
inammatory action of A. vera is due to the reduction of
proinammatory cytokines such as IL-1b For example, [66].
the inammatory period can be signicantly shortened and
malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factors (TNF-A) levels are
reduced. glucose transporter 1, IGF-1, VEGF, and FGF-2 can
also be considerably increased, which promotes cell
production, collagen production, and angiogenesis The [67].
anti-inammatory and immunomodulatory properties of
aloe polysaccharides found in A. vera make them ideal for
wound healing. Glucomannan, acetylated poly-mannan, and
acemannan are anti-inammatory polysaccharides that
lower MMP-9, IL-10, and IL-05 Aloe polyose impacts [68].
granulation tissue development and wound healing by
enhancing glycosaminoglycan and collagen synthesis [69].
The AKT/mTOR signaling pathway enhances the synthesis of
cycl in D1, which not only stimulates skin broblast
proliferation but also shifts the cell cycle from the G1 to the S
phase. Increased VEGF and type I collagen synthesis are two
mechanisms through which Acemannan enhances wound
healing M6 P is an aloe pol yose involved in [70–72].
epithelialization. Adiponectin promotes collagen deposition
and skin regeneration via binding to mannose-6-phosphate
receptors. It also inhibits TGF-1 and TGF-2 activation,
reducing brosis and encouraging epithelialization [73,74].
Anthraquinone also helps protect the skin and cure wounds.
The ability to heal wounds and promote angiogenic growth.
Anthraquinone is an antibacterial agent that inhibits the
dehydrogenation and oxidation of bacterium sugars and
metabolic intercedes, as well as the production of protein
and nucleic acid. Aloin can improve wound healing by
increasing angiogenesis and broblast proliferation via
increasing EGF expression. Aloin also makes the skin's
collagen bers more regular after healing, minimizing
scarring A-loin also protects the skin by decreasing [75,76].
lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species while
enhancing SOD and glutathione peroxidase activity [77,78].
Aloin reduces IL-6, TNF-a, iNOS, and cyclooxygenase-2
express ion i n resp onse to LPS (COX-2). Aloin a lso
suppresses caspase-3 activation and apoptosis generated
by LPS. Aloin reduces inammation by decreasing NF-
kappaB signaling Aloe-emodin can aid wound [79,80].
M E T H O D S
DOI: https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v4i2.141
Wound Healing Ecacy Of Honey, Aloe Vera, And Turmeric
Jamil et al.
healing by increasing cutaneous vascular-related growth
fa ctor expr ession. A loe -emo din i s a pote nt a nti-
inammatory. It reduces inammation by inhibiting iNOS
and COX-2 ex pression. Allergic to Rhein? It [48,81]
inuences cell cycle and death via MAPK and PI3K-AKT
signaling pathways Other compounds in A. vera aid in [82].
wound healing. 5.5 kDa glycoprotein has been demonstrated
to enhance keratinocyte proliferation and epidermal tissue
formation in vitro and in vivo. This glycoprotein improved
wound healing in bald mice b-Sitosterol enhances [83].
injury healing and angiogenesis by boosting VEGF and its
receptor gene expression It also possesses anti-[84].
inammatory properties, inhibiting TNF-a, LPS-induced
keratinocytes, peptidoglycan, and macrophages from
secreting inammatory factors, and inhibiting caspase-1
activation Alo esin promote s wound curing by [85].
activating Smad and MAPK/Rho signaling pathways. It
promotes cell motility by phosphorylating Cdc42 and Rac1
and modulates growth factors and cytokine release in
macrophages. Aloesin promotes collagen deposition,
angiogenesis, and granulation tissue development in
hairless mice The vitamins in A. vera help heal wounds. [86].
Vitamin E is a strong antioxidant that can reduce ROS
damage. It also modulates transcription and expression of
the gene to protect wounds agai nst infec tions like
methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Vitamin C
enhances collagen formation by hydroxylatingproline and
lysine resid ues i n proc oll agen. I ts a bil ity to boost
immunological activity is also vital in wound healing [87,88].
TURMERIC: Curcuma odora is the common name for this
plant. Species of curcumin are known as wild turmeric
(vanaharidra) or yellow zedoary (Salisb) (Curcuma longa
Linn.). The plant is indigenous to India, where it is commonly
grown in Kerala and West Bengal It is both an aromatic [89].
medicinal cosmetic as well as a potential therapeutic drug.
Traditional Chinese medicine uses Curcuma aromatic (CA)
as a powerful anti-cancer herb. Uses in traditional medicine
include treating skin conditions, sprains, bruises, snake
venom, and enhancing the appearance of skin. The Chemical
and aroma attributes of the volatile oil are different from
Curcuma long it's (4-8%) volatile oil. CA's volatile oil includes
camphene, camphor, and high-boiling alcohol that C. longa
does not [90].
CHEMICA L COMPOSITIO N :
curcumin), d-camphor, germacrene D, p-methoxycinnamic
acid, curzerene, , and pinenes, germacrone, bborneol, ,
and Terpeniol, -Terpenolene, Myrcene, and -Thujonene,
limonine, -thujone, , and Copoaenes and -Bisabolene
are also present. A total of eighteen different compounds
were detected in the oil: alpha and beta-pinene, isofurano-
germacrene, 1,8-cineol, borneol, and its isoforms, -
PBMJ VOL.4 Issue 2 Jul-Dec 2021
curcumene, -curcumene, germacrone, xanthorrhizol, and
curzerenone.
MEDIC INAL IMPO RTAN CE: Skin, cardiovascular, and
respiratory system ailments are among the conditions for
which the medication is prescribed in Ayurveda. There are
many uses for CA in cosmetics and traditional medicine,
including as an anti-inammatory agent, a stimulant of
blood ow, and an anti-cancer agent. It is common to utilize
rhizomes with astr ingent and fragrant herbs in the
treatment of a variety of ailments, such as bruising and skin
eruptions. There are many uses for CA rhizomes, including in
snake poison. Home remedies for headaches include a paste
of CA rhizomes Carbamazepine (CA) is conventionally [91].
used as an anti-provocative medication. According to
several research, Wild turmeric has immunological, anti-
tumor, anti-inammator y, wound healing, antifungal,
antioxidant, anti -microbia l, antiplatelet, and insect
repellent properties. Preventing coronary heart disease,
treating epilepsy, acting as an anti-allergy, and treating
auto-immune disease are all uses of CA. In the therapy of
cholecystitis, biliary calculi, and other related illnesses
extracts of CA roots are used. In mice with Ehrlich ascites
tumor cells, ethanol extract had powerful anti-angiogenic
and pro-apoptotic actions. Anti-proliferative activity
against human cancer cells was established by methanol
extracts of CA. An in vitro estrogenic effect was also seen.
Rhizomes produce 6.1 percent essential oil and have been
shown to have anti-tumor properties. Rhizomes. Cervical
cancer in its early stages can also be treated with oil. An in
vivo inhibitory impact of volatile oil on hepatocellular growth
was observed in mice. In vitro antihelmintic action was also
demonstrated using essential oil Curcumin's anti-[92].
inammatory properties, the anti-diabetic effects of
( 4S , 5S ) –( + )– ge r ma cr o ne –4 , 5– ep o xi d e, a nd th e
antiarrhythmic properties of aqueous extract due to the
presence of dipotassium magnesium dioxalatedihydrate are
just some of the other activities that have been linked to
essential oils. The oil and the methanol extract have
powerful radical-scavenging properties. – In addition, the
extracts showed impressive superoxide radical scavenging
properties. A number of the curcuminoids in CA have been
shown to have antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, and
antitumor properties In the following part, we'll go into [91].
more detail about each of these. Mice tested the anti-
inammatory effects of aqueous and alcoholic extracts. In
arachidonic acid-induced ear inammations, the ethanol
extracts and formulations showed considerable anti-
inammatory action. The anti-inammatory activity was
attributed to the impacts on various mediators and
arachidonic acid metabolism including the cyclo-oxygenase
pathway An investigation of the volatile oil from [93].
M E T H O D S
DOI: https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v4i2.141
Wound Healing Ecacy Of Honey, Aloe Vera, And Turmeric
Jamil et al.
Ca lifornia's anti-inammato ry properties was also
conducted. In rabbits, the powdered rhizome of CA was
found to have wound-healing properties. Studies using
excision wound models, which were used to evaluate the
wound healing activity of topical application of CA rhizome
extracts and its cream formulations likewise revealed [93],
considerable wound healing activity. A key bioactive
component of CA, Germacrone has been shown to have anti-
tumor activities. CA's most essential bioactive component is
this. An investigation into the anti-proliferative and
molecular mechanisms of germacrone's cytotoxicity on
glioma cells found that germacrone inhibits the proliferation
of cancerous cells by causing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest
in the cells. By regulating the expression of proteins
associated with apoptosis and G1 cell cycle arrest,
Germacone may be an effective and new chemopreventive
treatment for gliomas Researchers also looked at the [94].
anti-t umor properties of beta -elemen e, which was
extracted from the roots of agave plants in California. Two
tumor inhibitory tests on hepatoma in mice were carried out
as part of the study to investigate the inhibitory effects of
Curcuma aromatic oil (CAO) on hepatoma in mice's cell
proliferation. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)
immunohistochemical labeling was utilized to assess the
effects of CAO on hepatocarcinoma proliferation in mice
(PCNA). In two experiments, the tumor inhibitory rates of
CAO were 52 percent and 51 percent, respectively, as a result
of the consequent tumor inhibitory rates. Both variations
were statistically substantial (P 0.01) when compared to the
results of the saline-treated control groups. The [95].
researchers concluded that CAO's prevention of hepatoma
growth in mice may be connected with its suppression of
cellular proliferative activity.
PBMJ VOL.4 Issue 2 Jul-Dec 2021
C O N C L U S I O N
When it comes to healing skin wounds, there is a wide range
of medicinal plants and natural therapies that are used.
These have been utilized for centuries to treat trauma,
infection, disease, and damage. For millennia, humans have
mastered the art of harvesting and preparing edible and
medicinal plant materials from their local surroundings.
Medicinal practices have been examined for clinical ecacy
and economic viability based on their bioactivities. As a
result, not all the mechanisms of action of each plant have
been established.For the most part, we believe that
traditions still have a lot to offer us, including the potential
for developing novel drugs and treatments for today's
therapeutic challenges. There is no escaping the fact that
modern medicine and pharmaceuticals remain out of the
reach of most people. Traditional medicine is often the
primary and only therapy choice for many people because of
this. Traditional ways will become more widely accepted and
appreciated as people grow more familiar with them. This
information should not be rejected by "modern medicine,"
but rather put to good use for the benet of humanity. There
are no adverse effects associated with using Aloe vera,
tur meric, and h oney to c ure wounds. Healing a nd
regeneration of lost tissues are facilitated by numerous
processes in these herbal creams. However, these herbal
ointments must be evaluated scientically, standardised,
and evaluated for safety. Aloe vera's high tonicity and acidic
pH are thought to be the major elements that speed up
wound healing in earlier studies, which found that wounds
treated with Aloe vera healed quickly. The wound healing
process may be accelerated by Turmeric, Honey and aloe
vera's ability to boost glycolytic enzyme activity and provide
enough energy for cell repair. To treat wounds, Turmeric,
Honey and Aloe vera can be a cost-effective option that is
safe, readily available, and has powerful healing properties.
R E F E R E N C E S
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
[8]
Mustoe T (2004). Understanding chronic wounds: a
unifying hypothesis on their pathogenesis and
implications for therapy. The American Journal of
Surgery,187(5):65-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-
9610(03)00306-4
Janis JE, Kwon RK, Lalonde DH (2010). A practical
guide to wound healing. Plastic and reconstructive
surgery, 125(6):230e-44e.
10.1097/PRS.0b013e3181d9a0d1
Stadelmann WK, Digeni s AG, Tobin GR (1998) .
Ph ysiology and h eal ing dynamics of chronic
cutaneous wounds. The America n Journa l of
Surgery, 176(2):26S-38S.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9610(98)00183-4
Robson MC, Heggers JP (1970). Delayed wound
closures based on bacterial counts. Journal of
surgical oncology, 2(4):379-83.
Robson MC (1997). Wound infection: a failure of
wound healing caused by an imbalance of bacteria.
Surgical Clinics of North America, 77(3):637-50.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0039-6109(05)70572-7
Jul l AB, Cullum N , Dumville JC, We stby MJ,
Deshpande S, Walker N (2015). Honey as a topical
treatme nt for wounds. Cochrane Database of
Systematic Reviews, (3).
https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD005083.pub4
Wasiak J, Cleland H, Campbell F, Spinks A (2013).
Dressings for supercial and partial thickness burns.
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (3).
https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD002106.pub4
O'Meara S, Al‐Kurdi D, Ologun Y, Ovington LG,
DOI: https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v4i2.141
Wound Healing Ecacy Of Honey, Aloe Vera, And Turmeric
Jamil et al.
Martyn‐St James M, Richardson R (2014). Antibiotics
and antiseptics for venous leg ulcers. Cochrane
D a t a b a se o f S y s t e m a ti c R e v i e ws , ( 1 ) .
https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003557.pub5
Nelson EA, Bradley MD (2007). Dressings and topical
agents for arterial leg ulcers. Cochrane database of
systematic Reviews, (1).
https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD001836.pub2
French VM, Cooper R A, Molan PC (200 5). The
antibacterial activity of honey against coagulase-
negative staphylococci. Journal of Antimicrobial
Chemotherapy, 56(1):228-31.
https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dki193
Simon A, Traynor K, Santos K, Blaser G, Bode U, Molan
P (2009). Medical honey for wound care—still the
'latest resort'?.Evidence-based complementary and
alternative medicine, 6(2):165-73.
https://doi.org/10.1093/ecam/nem175
Lee DS, Sinno S, Khachemoune A (2011). Honey and
wo und heal ing. American journal o f clinical
dermatology, 12(3):181-90.
https://doi.org/10.2165/11538930-000000000-
00000
Allen KL, Molan PC, Reid GM (1991). A survey of the
antibacterial activity of some New Zealand honeys.
Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology, 43(12):817-
22. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1991.tb03186.x
Lusby PE, Coombes AL, Wilkinson JM (2005).
Bactericidal activity of different honeys against
pathogenic bacteria. Archives of medical research,
36(5):464-7.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcmed.2005.03.038
Cooper RA, Halas E, Molan PC (2002). The ecacy of
honey in i nhibiting st rains of Pseudomonas
aeruginosa from infected burns. The Journal of burn
c a r e & r e h a b i l i t a t i o n , 2 3 ( 6 ) : 3 6 6 - 7 0 .
https://doi.org/10.1097/00004630-200211000-
00002
Cooper R A, Molan PC, Harding KG (2002). The
sensitivity to honey of Gram‐positive cocci of clinical
signicance isolated from wounds. Journal of
applied microbiology, 93(5):857-63.
Sherlock O, Dolan A, Athman R, Power A, Gethin G,
Cowman S, Humphreys H (2010). Comparison of the
antimicrobial activity of Ulmo honey from Chile and
Manuka h oney a gains t meth icilli n-resis tant
Staphyloco ccus aureus, Escherichia coli and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa. BMC complementary and
alternative medicine, 10(1):1-5.
https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-10-47
Irish J, Carter DA, Shokohi T, Blair SE (2006). Honey
PBMJ VOL.4 Issue 2 Jul-Dec 2021
has an antifungal effect against Candida species.
M e d i c a l M y c o l o g y , 4 4 ( 3 ) : 2 8 9 - 9 1 .
https://doi.org/10.1080/13693780500417037
Or yan A, Z ake r SR (1998). Effe cts of topical
application of honey on cutaneous wound healing in
rabbits. Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series,
45(1‐10):181-8.
Bergman A, Yanai J, Weiss J, Bell D, David MP (1983).
Acceleration of wound healing by topical application
of honey: an animal model. The American journal of
surgery, 145(3):374-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-
9610(83)90204-0
Efem SE (1988). Clinical observations on the wound
healing properties of honey. British journal of
Surgery, 75(7):679-81.
Molan PC. Re-introducing honey in the management
of wou nds a nd u lce rs-th eor y a nd p rac tice.
https://hdl.handle.net/10289/203
Subrahmanyam M (1993). Honey impregnated gauze
versus polyurethane lm (OpSiteR) in the treatment
of burns—a prospective randomised study. British
j ou rn a l o f pl a st ic s ur ge r y, 4 6( 4) :3 2 2- 3.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0007-1226(93)90012-Z
Subrahmanyam M (1991). Topical application of honey
in treatment of burns. Journal of British Surgery,
78(4):497-8. https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.1800780435
Subrahmanyam M (1998). A prospective randomized
clinical and histological study of supercial burn
wound healing with honey and silver sulfadiazine.
Burns, 24(2):157-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-
4179(97)00113-7
Saber A (2010). Effect of honey versus intergel in
intraperitoneal adhesion prevention and colonic
anastomotic healing: a randomized controlled study
in rats. International Journal of Surgery, 8(2):121-7.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.su.2009.11.010
Biswal BM, Zakaria A, Ahmad NM (2003). Topical
application of honey in the management of radiation
mucositis. A preliminary study. Supportive Care in
Cancer, 11(4):242-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-
003-0443-y
Motallebnejad M, Akram S, Moghadamnia A, Moulana
Z, Omidi S (2008). The effect of topical application of
pure honey on radiation-induced mucositis: a
randomized clinical trial. J contemp dent pract,
9(3):40-7.
Khanal B, Baliga M, Uppal N (2010). Effect of topical
honey on limitation of r adiation-ind uced oral
mucositis: an intervention study. International
journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery, 39(12):1181-5.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.om.2010.05.014
[19]
[9]
[10]
[11]
[12]
[13]
[14]
[15]
[16]
[17]
[18]
[20]
[21]
[22]
[23]
[24]
[25]
[26]
[27]
[28]
[29]
DOI: https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v4i2.141
Wound Healing Ecacy Of Honey, Aloe Vera, And Turmeric
Jamil et al.
Rashad UM, Al-Gezawy SM, El-Gezawy E, Azzaz AN
(2 009). Honey a s to pical prophylaxis agai nst
radiochemotherapy-induced mucositis in head and
neck cancer. The Journal of Laryngology & Otology,
123(2):223-8.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022215108002478
Ingle R, Levin J, Polinder K (2006). Wound healing
with honey-a randomised controlled trial. South
African Medical Journal, 96(9):831-5.
McIntosh CD, Thomson CE (2006). Honey dressing
versus paran tulle gras following toenail surgery.
J o u r n a l o f w o u n d c a r e , 1 5 ( 3 ) : 1 3 3 - 6 .
https://doi.org/10.12968/jowc.2006.15.3.26877
Marshall C, Queen J, Manjooran J (2005). Honey
vspovi done i odi ne followin g toena il surge ry.
WOUNDS UK, 1(1):10.
Mashhood AA, Khan TA, Sami AN (2006). Honey
compared with 1% silver sulfadiazine cream in the
treatment of supercial and partial thickness burns.
Journal of Pakistan Association of Dermatologists,
16(1):14-9.
Bangroo AK, Khatri R, Chauhan S (2005). Honey
dressing in pediatric burns. Journal of Indian
Associ ation of Pedia tric Surg eons, 10(3 ):172.
10.4103/0971-9261.16970
Subrahmanyam M, Sahapure A, Nagane N. Effects of
topical application of honey on burn wound healing.
Subrahmanyam M (1996). Honey dressing versus
boiled potato peel in the treatment of burns: a
prospective randomized study. Burns, 22(6):491-3.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-4179(96)00007-1
Subrahmanyam M (1994). Honey-impregnated gauze
versus amniotic membrane in the treatment of
burns. Burns, 20(4):331-3.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-4179(94)90061-2
Wesinghe M, Weatherall M, Perrin K, Beasley R
(2009). Honey in the treatment of burns: a systematic
review and meta-analysis of its ecacy. Database of
Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE): Quality-
assessed Reviews [Internet]
Moore OA, Smith LA, Campbell F, Seers K, McQuay HJ,
Moore RA (2001). Systematic review of the use of
honey as a wound dressing. BMC complementary and
alternative medicine, 1(1):1-6.
https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-1-2
Subrahmanyam M (1999). Early tangential excision
and skin grafting of moderate burns is superior to
honey dressing: a prospective randomised trial.
Burns, 25(8):729-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-
4179(99)00063-7
Jull A, Walker N, Parag V, Molan P, Rodgers A (2008).
PBMJ VOL.4 Issue 2 Jul-Dec 2021
Randomized clinical trial of honey-impregnated
dressings for venous leg ulcers. Journal of British
Surgery, 95(2):175-82.
https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.6059
Baruah A, Bordoloi M, Baruah HP (2016). Aloe vera: A
multipurpose industrial crop. Industrial Crops and
Products, 94:951-63.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.08.034
Pothuraju R, Sharma RK, Onteru SK, Singh S, Hussain
SA (2016). Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of
Al oe ve ra e xt ra ct p re par at io ns : A re vi ew .
Phytotherapy research, 30(2):200-7.
Singab AN, El‐Hefnawy HM, Esmat A, Gad HA,
Nazeam JA (2015). A systemic review on aloe
arborescens pharmacological prole: biological
activities and pilot clinical trials. Phytotherapy
Research, 29(12):1858-67.
Kumar R, Singh AK, Gupta A, Bishayee A, Pandey AK
(2019). Therapeutic potential of Aloe vera-A miracle
gi ft of nat ur e. Ph ytom ed ic ine, 60 :15 29 96 .
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152996
Kang MC, Kim SY, Kim YT, Kim EA, Lee SH, Ko SC,
Wesinghe WA, Samarakoon KW, Kim YS, Cho JH,
Jang HS (2014). In vitro and in vivo antioxidant
activities of polysaccharide puried from aloe vera
(Aloe barbadensis) gel. Carbohydrate polymers,
99:365-71.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.07.091
Sánchez M, González-Burgos E, Iglesias I, Gómez-
Serranillos MP (2020). Pharmacological update
pr oper ties of Aloe ver a and its majo r acti ve
c o n s t i t u e n t s . M o l e c u l es , 2 5 ( 6 ) : 1 3 2 4 .
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25061324
Shakib Z, Shahraki N, Razavi BM, Hosseinzadeh H
(2019). Aloe vera as an herbal medicine in the
treatmen t of metabo lic syndrom e: A review.
Phytotherapy Research, 33(10):2649-60.
Miroddi M, Navarra M, Calapai F, Mancari F, Giofrè SV,
Gangemi S, Calapai G (2015). Review of clinical
pharmacology of Aloe vera L. in the treatment of
psoriasis. Phytotherapy Research, 29(5):648-55.
Gao Y, Kuok KI, Jin Y, Wang R (2019). Biomedical
applications of Aloe vera. Critical reviews in food
s c i e n c e a n d n u tr i t i o n , 5 9 ( 1 ) : 2 4 4- 5 6 .
https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2018.1496320
Akaberi M, Sobhani Z, Javadi B, Sahebkar A, Emami
SA (2016). Therapeutic effects of Aloe spp. in
traditional and m odern m edicine: A r eview.
Bi ome dic ine & Pharmac oth era py, 84:75 9-72.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2016.09.096
Yang MS, Yu CP, Huang CY, Chao PD, Lin SP, Hou YC
[43]
[30]
[31]
[33]
[35]
[36]
[37]
[38]
[40]
[41]
[42]
[44]
[45]
[46]
[48]
[49]
[50]
[51]
[52]
[32]
[34]
[39]
[47]
[53]
DOI: https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v4i2.141
Wound Healing Ecacy Of Honey, Aloe Vera, And Turmeric
Jamil et al.
(2017). Aloe activated P-glycoprotein and CYP 3A: a
study on the serum kinetics of aloe and its interaction
with cyclosporine in rats. Food & function, 8(1):315-
22. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6FO00938G
Rodríguez ER, Martín JD, Romero CD (2010). Aloe vera
as a functional ingredient in foods. Critical Reviews in
Fo od Sc ie nc e a nd Nu tr it io n, 5 0( 4) :3 05 -2 6.
https://doi.org/10.1080/10408390802544454
Hamman JH (2008). Composition and applications of
Aloe ver a le af gel. Molecules, 13(8): 1599-616.
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules13081599
Minjares-Fuentes R, Femenia A, Comas-Serra F,
Rodríguez-González VM (2018). Compositional and
st ru ctu ra l fe at ur es o f t he m ai n b ioa ct ive
polysaccharides present in the Aloe vera plant.
Jo urnal of AOAC Internatio nal, 101( 6):1711-9.
https://doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.18-0119
Añibarro-Ortega M, Pinela J, Barros L, Ćirić A, Silva
SP, Coelho E, Mocan A, Calhelha RC, Soković M,
Coimbra MA, Ferreira IC (2019). Compositional
features and bioactive properties of aloe vera leaf
(Fillet, mucilage, and rind) and ower. Antioxidants,
8(10):444. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8100444
Shi XD, Nie SP, Yin JY, Que ZQ, Zhang LJ, Huang XJ
(2017). Po lysacchar ide from leaf ski n of A loe
barbadensis Miller: Part I. Extraction, fractionation,
physic och emi cal pr op er tie s a nd s tr uc tur al
characterization. Food Hydrocolloids, 73:176-83.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2017.06.039
Lin LX, Wang P, Wang YT, Huang Y, Jiang L, Wang XM
(2016). Aloe vera and Vitisvinifera improve wound
healing in an in vivo rat burn wound model. Molecular
m e d i c i n e r e p o r t s , 1 3 ( 2 ) : 1 0 7 0 - 6 .
https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2015.4681
Burusapat C, Supawan M, Pruksapong C, Pitiseree A,
Suwantemee C (2018). Topical Aloe vera gel for
accelerated wound healing of split-thickness skin
graft donor sites: A double-blind, randomized,
controlled trial and systematic review. Plastic and
r e co n s tr u c ti v e s u r ge r y , 1 4 2 (1 ) : 21 7 - 26 .
10.1097/PRS.0000000000004515
Das S, Mishra B, Gill K, Ashraf MS, Singh AK, Sinha M,
Sharma S, Xess I, Dalal K, Singh TP, Dey S (2011).
Isolation and characterization of novel protein with
anti-fungal and anti-inammatory properties from
Aloe vera leaf gel. International Journal of Biological
M a c r o m o l e c u l e s , 4 8 ( 1 ) : 3 8 - 4 3 .
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomac.2010.09.010
de Oliveira AC, Tabrez S, Shakil S, Khan MI, Asghar MN,
Matias BD, da Silva Batista JM, Rosal MM, de Lima MM,
Gomes SR, de Carvalho RM (2018). Mutagenic,
PBMJ VOL.4 Issue 2 Jul-Dec 2021
antioxidant and wound healing properties of Aloe
vera. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 227:191-7.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2018.08.034
Dat AD, Poon F, Pham KB, Doust J (2012). Aloe vera for
treating acute and chronic wounds. Cochrane
D a t a ba s e o f S ys t e m a t ic R e v i e ws , ( 2 ) .
https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD008762.pub2
Hashemi SA, Madani SA, Abediankenari S (2015). The
review on properties of Aloe vera in healing of
cutaneous wounds. BioMed research international.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/714216
Hormozi M, Assaei R, Boroujeni MB (2017). The effect
of aloe vera on the expression of wound healing
factors (TGF 1 and bFGF) in mouse embryonic
brobl ast cell: In vitro stu dy. Biome dicine &
P h a r m a c o t h e r a p y , 8 8 : 6 1 0 - 6 .
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2017.01.095
Budai MM, Varga A, Milesz S, Tőzsér J, Benkő S (2013).
Aloe veradownregulates LPS-induced inammatory
cytokine production and expression of NLRP3
inammasome in human macrophages. Molecular
immunology, 56(4):471-9.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molimm.2013.05.005
zadehGharaboghaz MN, Farahpour MR, Saghaie S
( 2 0 2 0 ) . To p i c a l c o - a d m i n i s t r a t i o n o f
Teucriumpoliumhydroethanolic extract and Aloe
vera gel triggered wound healing by accelerating cell
proliferation in diabetic mouse model. Biomedicine &
P h a r m a c o t h e r a p y , 1 2 7 : 1 1 0 1 8 9 .
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110189
Oryan A, Mohammadalipour A, Moshiri A, Tabandeh
MR ( 2016). Top ica l ap plic atio n of Al oe ve ra
acc ele ra ted wo und he al in g, mo de li ng, an d
remodeling: an experimental study. Annals of plastic
surgery, 77(1):37-46.
10.1097/SAP.0000000000000239
Tabandeh MR, Oryan A, Mohammadalipour A (2014).
Polysaccharides of Aloe vera induce MMP-3 and
TIMP-2 gene expression during the skin wound repair
of rat . I nte rna ti on al jo ur na l o f b io lo gi cal
m a c r o m o l e c u l e s , 6 5 : 4 2 4 - 3 0 .
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomac.2014.01.055
Xing W, Guo W, Zou CH, Fu TT, Li XY, Zhu M, Qi JH, Song
J, Dong CH, L i Z, Xiao Y (201 5). Acemannan
accelerates cell proliferation and skin wound healing
through AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Journal of
D e r m a t o l og i c a l S c i e n c e , 7 9 ( 2 ) : 1 01 - 9 .
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdermsci.2015.03.016
Chokboribal J, Tachaboonyakiat W, Sangvanich P,
Ruangpornvisuti V, Jettana cheawchankit S,
Thunyakitpisal P (2015). Deacetylation affects the
[63]
[54]
[55]
[58]
[59]
[61]
[62]
[64]
[65]
[66]
[68]
[69]
[70]
[71]
[56]
[57]
[60]
[67]
DOI: https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v4i2.141
Wound Healing Ecacy Of Honey, Aloe Vera, And Turmeric
Jamil et al.
physical properties and bioactivity of acemannan, an
ex tr ac te d p olys ac ch ari de fro m A lo e ve ra .
C a r b o h y d r a t e p o l y m e r s , 1 3 3 : 5 5 6 - 6 6 .
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.07.039
Liu C, Cui Y, Pi F, Cheng Y, Guo Y, Qian H (2019).
Extraction, purication, structural characteristics,
bi ol ogi ca l a ct ivi ti es an d p ha rma co log ic al
applications of acemannan, a polysaccharide from
aloe v era : A r eview. M olec ules , 2 4(8) :155 4.
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24081554
Priya SG, Gupta A, Jain E, Sarkar J, Damania A,
Jagdale PR, Chaudhari BP, Gupta KC, Kumar A (2016).
B il ay er cr yo ge l w ou nd d re ss in g a nd sk in
regeneration grafts for the treatment of acute skin
wound s. ACS appli ed m aterials & interfac es,
8(24):15145-59.
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b04711
Boudreau MD, Beland FA (2006). An evaluation of the
biological and toxicological properties of Aloe
bar bad ens is ( mi ll er) , A loe ve ra. Jo urn al of
Environmental Science and Health Part C, 24(1):103-
54. https://doi.org/10.1080/10590500600614303
Li LJ, Gao SQ, Peng LH, Wang XR, Zhang Y, Hu ZJ, Gao
JQ (2017). Evaluation of ecacy of aloin in treating
acute trauma in vitro and in vivo. Biomedicine &
P h a r m a c o t h e r a p y , 8 8 : 1 2 1 1 - 9 .
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2017.01.174
Di Luccia B, Manzo N, Vivo M, Galano E, Amoresano A,
Crescenzi E, Pollice A, Tudisco R, Infascelli F, Calabrò
V (2013). A biochemical and cellular approach to
explore the antiproliferative and prodifferentiative
ac ti vi ty of A lo e a rb or es ce ns le af ex tr ac t.
Phytotherapy Research, 27(12):1819-28.
Lee W, Jeong GS, Baek MC, Ku SK, Bae JS (2019).
Renal protective effects of aloin in a mouse model of
sepsis. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 132:110651.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2019.110651
Silva MA, Trevisan G, Hoffmeister C, Rossato MF,
Boligon AA, Walker CI, Klafke JZ, Oliveira SM, Silva CR,
Athayde ML, Ferreira J (2014). Anti-inammatory and
antioxidant effects of Aloe saponaria Haw in a model
of UVB-induced paw sunburn in rats. Journal of
Photochemistry and photobiology B: Biology, 133:47-
54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.02.019
Du, Y., Q ia n, B. , G ao , L ., et al (2 019 ). Al oi n
p r e c o n d i t i o n i n g a t t e n u a t e s h e p a t i c
isc hem ia /rep er fu sio n i nj ur y v ia in -h ib it ing
TLR4/MyD88/NF-kB signal pathway in vivo and in
vitro.Oxid Med Cell Longev 3765898.
Luo X, Zhang H, Wei X, Shi M, Fan P, Xie W, Zhang Y, Xu
N (2018). Aloin suppresses lipopolysaccharide-
PBMJ VOL.4 Issue 2 Jul-Dec 2021
induced inammatory response and apoptosis by
inhibiting the activation of NF- B. Molecules,
23(3):517.
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23030517
Park MY, Kwon HJ, Sung MK (2009). Evaluation of
aloin and aloe-emodin as anti-inammatory agents
in aloe by using murine macrophages. Bioscience,
Biotechnology, and Biochemistr y, 73(4):828-32.
https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.80714
S un H, L uo G , C he n D, X ia ng Z (2 01 6) . A
co mp re he ns iv e a nd sy ste m r ev ie w fo r t he
pharmacological mechanism of action of rhein, an
active anthraquin one ing redient. Frontiers in
p h a r m a c o l o g y , 7 : 2 4 7 .
https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2016.00247
Choi SW, Son BW, Son YS, Park YI, Lee SK, Chung MH
(2001). The wound‐healing effect of a glycoprotein
fraction isolated from aloe vera. British Journal of
Dermatology, 145(4):535-45.
Choi S, Kim KW, Choi JS, Han ST, Park YI, Lee SK, Kim
JS, Chung MH (2002). Angiogenic activity of -
sitosterol in the ischaemia/reperfusion-damaged
brain of Mongolian gerbil. Plantamedica, 68(04):330-
5. 10.1055/s-2002-26750
Liao PC, Lai MH, Hsu KP, Kuo YH, Chen J, Tsai MC, Li
CX , Y in X J, Jey as ho ke N, C hao LK ( 20 18 ).
Identicat ion of -sitosterol as in vitro anti-
in ammator y con stituent in M oringaol eife ra.
Journal of a gricult ural and food c hemistr y,
66(41):10748-59.
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04555
Wahedi HM, Jeong M, Chae JK, Do SG, Yoon H, Kim SY
(2017). Aloesin from Aloe vera accelerates skin wound
healing by modulating MAPK/Rho and Smad signaling
pathways in vitro and in vivo. Phytomedicine, 28:19-
26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2017.02.005
Hobson R (2016). Vitamin E and wound healing: an
evidence‐based review. International wound journal,
13(3):331-5.
Sinno S, Lee DS, Khachemoune A (2011). Vitamins and
cutaneous wound healing. Journal of wound care,
20(6):287-93.
https://doi.org/10.12968/jowc.2011.20.6.287
Ahmad S, A li M, A nsari SH , Ahmed F (2011).
Phytoconstituents from the rhizomes of Curcuma
aromaticaSalisb. Journal of Saudi Chemical Society,
5(3):287-90.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jscs.2010.10.011
Pant N, Misra H, Jain DC (2013). Phytochemical
investigation of ethyl acetate extract from Curcuma
aromaticaSalisb. rhizomes. Arabian Journal of
[81]
[72]
[73]
[75]
[76]
[78]
[80]
[82]
[83]
[84]
[86]
[87]
[89]
[90]
[74]
[77]
[85]
[79]
[88]
DOI: https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v4i2.141
Wound Healing Ecacy Of Honey, Aloe Vera, And Turmeric
Jamil et al.
Chemistry, 6(3):279-83.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2010.10.007
Revathi S, Malathy NS (2013). Antibacterial activity of
rhi zom e o f C urc uma ar oma tic a a nd pa rt ial
purication of active compounds. Indian journal of
pharmaceutical sciences, 75(6):732.
Quality standards of Indian medicinal plants. Edn 1,
Vol. 6 , I ndian C ouncil o f me dical R esearch,
RamalingaswamiBhawan, 2008, 102- 109.
Kumar A, Chomwal R, Kumar P, Sawal R (2009). Anti
inammatory and wound healing activity of Curcuma
aromaticasalisb extract and its formulation. Journal
of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 1(1):304-
10.
Liu B, Gao YQ, Wang XM, Wang YC, Fu LQ (2014).
Germacrone inhibits the proliferation of glioma cells
by promoting apoptosis and inducing cell cycle
arrest. Molecular medicine reports, 10(2):1046-50.
https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2014.2290
Wu WY, Xu Q, Shi LC, Zhang WB (2000). Inhibitory
effects of Curcuma aromatica oil on proliferation of
h e p a t o m a i n m i c e . W o r l d J o u r n a l o f
Gastroenterology, 6(2):216.
https://dx.doi.org/10.3748%2Fwjg.v6.i2.216
PBMJ VOL.4 Issue 2 Jul-Dec 2021
[91]
[93]
[95]
[92]
[94]
DOI: https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v4i2.141
Wound Healing Ecacy Of Honey, Aloe Vera, And Turmeric
Jamil et al.