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Implementasi Pendistribusian Zakat Produktif untuk Usaha Mikro Mustahik di Era Pandemi Covid-19
Abstract
Poverty and unemployment are problems that Indonesia is still facing today. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the national economy, including the MSME sector. Productive zakat distributed to MSMEs has the potential to help develop and form MSMEs mustahik in the era of the covid 19 pandemic. The implementation of zakat is important to see the potential of zakat in an effort to help mustahik to be more empowered to face the challenges of the times. This study aims to find out how to implement the distribution of productive zakat for mustahiq micro-enterprises during the pandemic, and to find out the obstacles faced by the Bogor City Baznas when distributing productive zakat during the pandemic. This research is a qualitative research with a qualitative descriptive approach. The data collection technique used is the interview and documentation method. Interviews were conducted with the Baznas of Bogor City as the authorized party in the distribution of zakat. The results showed that the Bogor City Baznas distributed productive zakat in the form of business capital. The productive zakat is distributed to individual and group mustahik. The Bogor Berkah program is included in the productive zakat based on taklim majlis. The maximum limit for assistance provided is Rp. 2,000,000. Recipients of productive zakat are also required to give infaq every day from the results of their efforts. Constraints faced by the Bogor City Baznas at the beginning of the pandemic were the reduced number of muzakki who distributed their zakat, limited space for monitoring, and efforts to develop MSMEs that were difficult to carry out.
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Abstrak Pandemi COVID-19 memberikan implikasi ekonomi, sosial, dan politik tidak saja negara-negara besar akan tetapi hamper seluruh negara di dunia. Rasanya tidak ada satu negarapun yang tidak terdampak pandemic COVID-19 saat ini. Indonesia adalah salah satu negara yang terdampak terutama pada sisi ekonomi. Indonesia yang didominasi oleh Usaha Mikro, kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM) perlu memberikan perhatian khusus terhadap sektor ini karena kontribusi UMKM terhadap pereknomian nasional yang cukup besar. Tulisan pendek ini mencoba untuk menganalisa dampak pandemi COVID-19 terhadap eksistensi UMKM di Indonesia dan bagaimana solusi darurat dalam membantu UMKM bertahan dalam situasi pandemi COVID-19. Kata kunci: UMKM, tenaga kerja, bantuan keuangan, kebijakan struktural.
COVID-19 is a global health problem including in Indonesia. The increased case of COVID-19 proved to have quite a significant impact on the economy globally which may have affected stability in Indonesia. This method of collecting data is a method of study literature with secondary data types. Data is taken from the Internet with respect to the validity of information such as government official information, official online sites and processed results of valid data. After obtaining the existing reference, a sorting of information that is appropriate to the topic of discussion. Data analysis is presented in graphical form and comes with a descriptive narrative. Based on the research, the impact of COVID-19 pandemic affects the economy in Indonesia. The affected sectors during the COVID-19 pandemic are transportation, tourism, trade, health and other sectors, but the economic sector most affected by COVID-19 is the household sector. Optimizing the potential in the country, the decline of BI-7 Day Reverse Repo Rate (BI7DRR), the interest rate of Deposit facility, and Lending facility interest rate, monitoring of global and domestic economic development conducted by Indonesia was assessed precisely so that inflation and stability remain in control.
p> The purpose of this study is to know the management of productive zakat for the economic empowerment of society in LAZISNU Kudus. This study uses a qualitative approach and is described descriptively. Data collection techniques used interviews, observation, and documentation. While data analysis using data reduction, data display and verification. From the results of the study concluded that the management of productive zakat funds conducted by LAZISNU Kudus using the stages in management science. The steps in the empowerment of productive zakat by LAZISNU Kudus include data collection, supervision and supervision. There are two obstacles facing LAZISNU, internal and external factors. Among the internal factors are limited funds provided, lack of coordination, lack of adequate human resources and administrative management that is still traditional. While external factors include is still a lot of muzakki who pay zakat outside amil institutions and mustahik less know management business. </p
The problem of poverty and socio-economic inequality is still experienced by the Indonesian people, especially in the aspect of community income. To increase the income of the community, it is necessary to change the character of the consumptive society into a productive society. Zakat funds can be utilized for productive efforts to procure capital and / or infrastructure and facilities for mustahik so that they can improve the quality of the people. This study aims to see how the role of productive zakat funds as capital in influencing the increase in SME turnover given to the mustahik assisted by Rumah Zakat in 30 cities and 48 ICD regions in 2016. This type of quantitative research uses simple linear regression method with data sources derived from from the capital and turnover data of 1672 mustahik Rumah Zakat. The results showed that UKM assistance for Zakat Houses given to poor asnaf class beneficiaries was 91.26%, and capital had a strong relationship to turnover with a large influence of capital on turnover of 44.7% where a large model of capital influence on turnover was y' = 1,285,584,312 + 1,217x. Masalah kemiskinan dan ketimpangan sosial ekonomi masih dialami oleh rakyat Indonesia khususnya dalam aspek pendapatan masyarakat. Untuk meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat perlu mengubah karakter dari masyarakat konsumtif menjadi masyarakat produktif. Dana zakat dapat didayagunakan untuk usaha produktif pengadaan modal dan/atau infrastruktur serta sarana kepada para mustahik sehingga bisa meningkatkan kualitas umat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat bagaimana peran dana zakat produktif sebagai modal dalam mempengaruhi peningkatan omzet UKM yang diberikan kepada para mustahik binaan Rumah Zakat di 30 kota dan 48 wilayah ICD pada tahun 2016. Penelitian dengan jenis kuantitatif ini menggunakan metode regresi linear sederhana dengan sumber data berasal dari data modal dan omzet 1672 mustahik Rumah Zakat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bantuan UKM Rumah Zakat yang diberikan kepada penerima manfaat golongan asnaf miskin sebesar 91,26%, dan modal memiliki hubungan yang kuat terhadap omzet dengan besar pengaruh modal terhadap omzet sebesar 44,7% dimana model besar pengaruh modal terhadap omzet yaitu y’ = 1.285.584,312 + 1,217x.
p class="IAbstrakIsi">The purpose of zakat management formally is to (1) improve the effectiveness and efficiency of services in the management of zakat, and (2) to increase the benefits of zakat to realize the welfare of society and poverty reduction. In this context, the distribution of zakat funds in addition to the consumptive purpose, can also be justified for the purpose of growing productive economic activities for mustahiq. By law, the use of zakat for productive economic activity is also not prohibited, as long as the mandatory of fulfilling the basic needs of mustahiq has been done. The use of zakat funds for productive economic activities is a conception to liberate the socio-economic life of mustahiq with a view to changing from the recipient of zakat to the payer of zakat. The implementation scheme of this concept is to build or grow a business unit in mustahiq through grant funding for business capital. Within a certain production cycle, mustahiq will also receive technical assistance and guidance from the zakat management institution in order to plan the establishment of a successful business unit and that mustahiq has a permanent source of income.
Tujuan pengelolaan zakat secara formal adalah untuk meningkatkan efektifitas dan efisiensi pelayanan dalam pengelolaan zakat, dan meningkatkan manfaat zakat untuk mewujudkan kesejahteraan masyarakat dan penanggulangan kemiskinan. Dalam konteks ini, pendistribusian dana zakat selain untuk pemberian bantuan yang bersifat konsumtif, juga dapat dibenarkan untuk tujuan menumbuhkan kegiatan ekonomi produktif bagi penerima zakat (mustahik). Secara hukum, penggunaan zakat untuk kegiatan ekonomi produktif juga tidak dilarang, selama keberadaan para mustahik yang wajib dan harus dibantu sudah terpenuhi kebutuhan dasarnya. Penggunaan dana zakat untuk kegiatan ekonomi produktif adalah sebuah konsepsi untuk memandirikan penerima zakat secara sosial ekonomi dengan maksud untuk merubah dari penerima zakat menjadi pembayar zakat. Skema pelaksanaan dari konsep ini adalah membangun atau menumbuhkan unit usaha pada diri penerima zakat melalui pemberian dana hibah untuk modal usaha. Dalam satu siklus produksi tertentu, penerima zakat juga akan mendapat pendampingan dan bimbingan teknis dari lembaga pengelola zakat agar rencana membentuk unit usaha berhasil dan penerima zakat memiliki sumber pendapatan yang permanen. </p
The obligation on charity and explanation of the law has been emphasized since the days of Mecca,the strongest opinion in the second year Hijr. However, the occurrence of major changes in the world that followed the revolution of science, technology, political and economic structure, made the concept of wealth and poverty is changing dramatically in which legal paradigm is no longer sufficient to carry out the teachings of charity in society. Hence, it is needed the criticism and evaluation of understanding and perception of charity, both on theoretical concepts and operational concepts, as well as implementation and application models. This study discuss the criticism to rebuild the whole concept of charity, comprehensive and precise with a variety of related concepts, including the concept of property and ownership, economy and fairness in various dimensions.
Di antara problematika utama yang sedang dihadapi oleh bangsa Indonesia adalah masalah kemiskinan. Tulisan ini merupakan hasil penelitian yang bertujuan untuk menganalisa secara empirik apakah zakat memiliki dampak terhadap upaya pengurangan tingkat kemiskinan, dengan mengambil studi kasus Lembaga Amil Zakat Nasional (Laznas) Dompet Dhuafa Republika. Sejumlah 50 responden telah dipilih secara acak, diberi kuisioner, dan diwawancara. Penelitian ini menggunakan sejumlah alat analisa, yaitu : headcount ratio, untuk mengetahui berapa jumlah dan persentase keluarga miskin; rasio kesenjangan kemiskinan dan rasio kesenjangan pendapatan, yang digunakan untuk mengetahui tingkat kedalaman kemiskinan; dan indeks Sen serta indeks Foster, Greer dan Thorbecke (FGT), yang digunakan untuk mengukur tingkat keparahan kemiskinan. Hasil analisa menunjukkan bahwa zakat mampu mengurangi jumlah dan persentase keluarga miskin, serta mengurangi kedalaman dan keparahan kemiskinan.
Zakah is a treasure worship that is believed to be able to overcome social and economic problems. Not just to meet the basic needs of the mustahiq Zakat has the ability to develop people's economy. To get the maximum results zakat institutions need to do a lot of new studies and breakthroughs. Lazismu of Demak utilizes zakat for the development of productive economy with the goal of creating jobs, reducing unemployment and poverty. This is what makes researchers interested in conducting research to find out what kind of zakah implementation in the development of productive economy as well as the economic development mustahik after the implementation of zakat as a productive economy. Because it includes field research researchers used the Phenomenological approach data collected through observation, documents,questionnaires and interviews. Then, the data was analyzed sequentially and interactively consisting of three stages, namely: 1) data reduction, 2) data presentation, 3) conclusion drawing or verification. The productive use of zakat in developing productive economy consisted of traditional and creative uses. Traditional economic productive use was realized by providing working tool to mustahiq. Creative economic productive was conducted by providing capital in from of pure grant to mustahiq, provide a capital loan in a very easy way, not burdening the mustahiq and invest zakat funds into the real business sector. The zakat institution will receive capital invested and benefit from the businesses, then the capital and benefits will be used for ummah advantages. From the findings, it can be known that some participants of productive economy were able to develop their business well. Some others were only able to meet their basic daily needs. While some more others were less trustworthy in using capital loan provided.Zakat adalah ibadah maliyah yang mampu mengatasi masalah-masalah sosial dan ekonomi. Selain memenuhi kebutuhan pokok para mustahiq, zakat mampu mengembangkan perekonomian ummat. Untuk mendapatkan hasil maksimal tersebut, lembaga-lembaga zakat perlu banyak melakukan kajian dan terobosan-terobosan baru. Seperti LAZISMU Demak yang mendayagunakan zakat untuk pengembangan ekonomi produktif dengan tujuan menciptakan lapangan pekerjaan, mengurangi pengangguran serta kemiskinan. Inilah yang mendorong diadakannya penelitian guna mengetahui seperti apa implementasi pendayagunaan zakat dalam pengembangan ekonomi produktif serta perkembangan ekonomi mustahiq setelah diimplementasikannya zakat sebagai ekonomi produktif. Karena termasuk penelitian lapangan (field research), peneliti menggunakan pendekatan Phenomenologis, data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, dokumen, angket dan wawancara, kemudian akan dianalisis secara berurutan dan interaksionis yang terdiri dari tiga tahap, yaitu: 1) Reduksi data, 2) Pernyajian data, 3) Penarikan simpulan atau verifikasi. Dari penelitian tersebut didapatkan hasil bahwa bentuk pengembangan ekonomi produktif di LAZISMU DEMAK meliputi tradisional dan kreatif. Ekonomi produktif tradisional meliputi pembelian alat kerja untuk mustahiq. Adapun ekonomi produktif kreatif melaui pemberian modal dalam bentuk hibah murni, memberikan pinjaman modal dengan cara yang sangat mudah, tidak membebani mustahiq dan menginvestasikan dana zakat ke sektor usaha nyata. Hasil investasi dimanfaatkan sebesar-besarnya untuk mustahiq. Dengan cara ini sebagian peserta ekonomi produktif mampu mengembangkan usahanya dengan baik, sebagian lagi hanya mampu memenuhi kebutuhan pokok sehari-hari dan sisanya kurang amanat dalam menggunakan pinjaman modal yang diberikan.
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