Article

ASSESSING EXPORT COMPETITIVENESS IN THE CONTEXT OF GROWTH IN EMERGING ECONOMIES. THE EXAMPLE OF UKRAINE

Authors:
To read the full-text of this research, you can request a copy directly from the author.

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to clarify the content of the concept of "competitiveness", to develop and test approaches to assess the importance of basic, price and non-price competitiveness of commodity exports to ensure its dynamics on the example of Ukraine. Methodology. The article proposes to expand the content of the concept of "competitiveness" by generalizing the level of compliance of goods (services) with consumer preferences of market participants. This conceptual position is used to enhance the understanding of basic, non-price and price competitiveness of products and to clarify methods for its evaluation. The results of testing the methodology and technique showed that the cyclical process of alternating growth of non-price or price competitiveness of Ukrainian export products is mainly interrupted. The reason for this is the high price competitiveness of raw material exports, which is achieved mainly at the expense of low wages in the economy. On international markets, non-price competitiveness is inherent in a relatively small number of commodity groups of Ukrainian products. These include: insulated wires, cables and other insulated electrical conductors; fiber optic cables; turbojet engines, turboprops and other gas turbines; electric heating appliances and devices; parts of aircraft. Practical implications. It has been substantiated that in terms of finding a new economic growth strategy for Ukraine, the most relevant issues are not the intensification of export activities, but the renewal of the composition of the largest export commodity groups. The leading positions among them should be taken by goods with a large share of added value, increased technological complexity and non-price competitiveness. Value/originality. The beginning of this process will mean the emergence of new qualitative changes in the economy, as well as the effectiveness of the state policy of economic reforms.

No full-text available

Request Full-text Paper PDF

To read the full-text of this research,
you can request a copy directly from the author.

Article
Досліджено місце України на світовому ринку мінеральної сировини з позицій суспільної географії. Проаналізовано динаміку, товарну та географічну структуру зовнішньої торгівлі мінеральною продукцією за період 2016–2020 рр. Зазначено, що у структурі експорту мінеральної продукції найбільшу частку має залізна руда та її концентрати, а найбільшими покупцями української мінеральної сировини є Китай та країни ЄС. Здійснено аналіз динаміки експортних показників та позицій на світових ринках тих видів мінеральної продукції, які є конкурентоспроможними на світовому ринку: залізної руди та концентратів, титанової руди та концентратів, глин, андалузитів, кіанітів та силіманітів, каоліну. Вказано, що Україна може стати значним постачальником на світовий ринок графіту, літію та багатьох інших видів критичної та стратегічної сировини, попит на яку в світі зростає. Визначено основні проблеми виходу української мінеральної сировини на світовий ринок. Окреслено перспективи підвищення конкурентоспроможності української мінеральної сировини на світовому ринку.
Article
Full-text available
The objective of this study is to analyze the competitiveness through the prism of its theoretical background, methods of empirical estimation and infl uence factors. This paper contributes to the theoretical research on competitiveness not only by the synthesis of old and new writings as well as the fi ndings of the exploratory studies, but also by concept synthesis of competitiveness. Since the concept of competitiveness can be reported to individual product/service, enterprise/farm, industry, economic sector, region, nation or international economic blocks, the attempts towards creating one common defi nition of competitiveness seem to be doomed to fail. Thus, our study does not answer the question which of the defi nitions proposed in the literature best capture commonly used notions of competitiveness, but our concern is about the ambiguity of those defi nitions which hampers the measurement and comparison of competitiveness. In order to mirror complexity of the aspects referring to the competitiveness we suggest using composite indicators to measure competitiveness. An important limitation of the empirical research on competitiveness is imperfect comparability of results across studies using different variables (features) describing competitiveness.
Research
Full-text available
Comprehensive analysis of European countries' competitiveness; developing an indicator set, constructing composite indicators and applying econometric analysis using panel data.
Article
Full-text available
We define foundational competitiveness as the expected level of output per working-age individual that is supported by the overall quality of a country as a place to do business. The focus on output per potential worker, a broader measure of national productivity than output per current worker, reflects the dual role of workforce participation and output per worker in determining a nation’s standard of living. Our framework highlights three broad and interrelated drivers of foundational competitiveness: social infrastructure and political institutions, monetary and fiscal policy, and the microeconomic environment. We estimate this framework using multiple data sets covering more than 130 countries over the 2001-2008 period. We find a positive and separate influence of each driver on output per potential worker. The microeconomic environment has a positive effect on output per potential worker even after controlling for historical legacies. Using our framework we define a new concept, global investment attractiveness, which is the cost of factor inputs relative to a country’s competitiveness. This analysis reveals important insight into the economic trajectory of individual countries. Our framework also offers a novel methodology for the estimation of a theoretically grounded and empirically validated measure of national competitiveness.
Article
I use matched sampling techniques to analyze whether firms that start exporting become more productive, controlling for the self-selection into export markets. To this end, I use micro data of Slovenian manufacturing firms operating in the period 1994–2000. Overall I find that export entrants become more productive once they start exporting. The productivity gap between exporters and their domestic counterparts increases further over time. These results also hold at the industry level and are robust to other controls that may be associated with increased productivity, such as private ownership. Using information on the (firm-level) destination of exports, I find that the productivity gains are higher for firms exporting towards high income regions.
Labour costs annual data -NACE Rev. 2. E-source
  • Eurostat
Eurostat (2020). Labour costs annual data -NACE Rev. 2. E-source: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/ databrowser/view/tps00173/default/table?lang=en
A Study on the factors of regional competitiveness. A draft final report for the European commission directorate-General regional holicy
  • R L Martin
Martin, R. L. (2003). A Study on the factors of regional competitiveness. A draft final report for the European commission directorate-General regional holicy. Cambridge: University of Cambridge. E-source: https://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/docgener/studies/pdf/3cr/competitiveness.pdf
Goods exports (BoP, current US$): World Bank national accounts data
  • World Bank
World Bank (2020). Goods exports (BoP, current US$): World Bank national accounts data. Washington, D.C.: The World Bank. E-source: https:https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/BX.GSR.MRCH.CD
World trade statistical review 2020
  • Wto
WTO (2020). World trade statistical review 2020. Geneva. E-source: https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/ statis_e/wts2020_e/wts2020_e.pdf
Price and non-price competitiveness: lessons from global value chains
  • R Cezar
  • F Cartellier
Cezar, R., & Cartellier, F. (2019). Price and non-price competitiveness: lessons from global value chains. Bulletinde la Banque de France, 224/2. E-source: https://publications.banque-france.fr/sites/default/files/ medias/documents/819223_bdf224-2_competitiveness_v5.pdf
Researching economic development and entrepreneurship in transition economies
  • O Kostoska
  • P J Mitrevski
  • M Angeleski
  • G Mancheski
Kostoska, O., Mitrevski, P. J., Angeleski, M., & Mancheski, G. (2012). Measuring the qualitative competitiveness of the Macedonian economy. In: Proc. of the 2nd International scientific conference "Researching economic development and entrepreneurship in transition economies" (REDETE 2012). Banja Luka. E-source: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257880591_Measuring_the_Qualitative_ Competitiveness_of_the_Macedonian_Economy
The Competitiveness of Transition Economies
  • Oecd
OECD (1998). The Competitiveness of Transition Economies, OECD Publishing, Paris. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264163386-en
Dynamics of the geographical structure of foreign merchandise trade
State Statistics Service of Ukraine (2020). Dynamics of the geographical structure of foreign merchandise trade. Kyiv. E-source: http://www.ukrstat.gov.ua