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Transport Knowledge Hub Webinar Series 2020
30 November –4 December 2020
Michael Smith, Altissimo Consulting Ltd.
International approaches to monetising
the health impacts of transport noise
The views and opinions expressed in this presentation belong solely to the presenter(s), and do not necessarily reflect the views of the presenter’s employer, TKH, or any other group or individual
Introduction
•Why monetise noise
•Approaches to monetization
•A health based approach (Damage costs)
•WHO (2018)
•Europe 2020
•Comparison with MCBM / EEM
Why monetise health impacts?
•Enables comparison between other factors (eg. emissions)
•Aid policy on mode shifts / investment
•Evaluation of routes / mitigation on specific projects
Approaches to monetisation
•Stated preference based on willingness to pay surveys
•Revealed preference as observed in changes in house prices (ie.
hedonic)
•Health-based damage-cost assessment
WHO (2018)
Europe 2020
•Current noise situation via END
•Estimation of health effects including a
method
•Inequalities and vulnerability
Process for assessing health costs
Total, average, and marginal costs
•The monetary cost can be disaggregated into transport modes and effects
Noise exposure
Dose response
Disability weights
Value of life
Health effects
•Annoyance
•Sleep disturbance
•Heart disease
•Death from heart disease
Dose response
•Identifies percentage of population
affected by each condition
•Determined by longitudinal health
studies and surveys
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
45
50
55
60
65
Increase over baseline: IHD
Percentage of population:
Annoyance and sleep
Lnight: Sleep disturbance
Lden: Annoyance and cardiovascular effects
Disability Weight
0.02
0.07
0.35
1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Highly
annoyed
Highly sleep
disturbed
Ischaemic
Heart Disease
Premature
mortality
Disability Weight
Example calculation
External
sound level
Effect
Per 1000 people
Total cost
Population
DALYs
57 dB Lden Highly annoyed 124 2.5
$1266
per person
per year
Highly sleep disturbed
50 3.5
IHD 1.53 0.536
PM 0.01 0.010
Comparison with EEM
•Does not calculate absolute
cost
•Marginal cost (per dB change)
•EEM appropriate for higher
noise exposures
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70
Cost per dB change
Starting sound level, dB Lden
Health EEM
Summary
•Strong evidence of health effects
from noise
•Health effects can be calculated
readily based on noise exposure
•EEM comparable at higher
exposures, but does not provide a
total cost