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Study of the seasonal changes of rotifera in : Al-Razzaza lake
Abstract
This study aimed to find out the seasonal changes of the Rotifera community in Al-Razzaza lake. Monthly samples were collected from four sites at Razzaza lake during April 2019 to March 2020 using a plankton net with a mesh- size of 55µm. The results showed that the Rotifera were consisting of fifteen genera. Highest densities of Rotifera were recorded during Spring and predominant species was Hexarthra mira. The total number of Rotifera ranged between 93 ind/m³ in Summer and 1873 ind/m³ in Spring 2020.
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A study of Zooplankton community has been carried out at four selected sites on Dukan Lake.
Samples of water and zooplankton were collected monthly for the period from July 2015 to February 2016.
Some physical and chemical properties of water were studied and the results showed that the air temperature
were ranged from 0 to 36.16 °C, water temperature ranged from 2.83 to 34.66 °C, hydrogen ion
concentration of studied sites were found to lie in alkaline side, it was ranged between 6.87 to 8.57, electrical
conductivity ranged from 190.79 to 850.08 µs.cm
-¹
, turbidity ranged from 0.9-7.7 NTU, and dissolved
oxygen from 3.3 to 6.8 mg.l
-¹
while BOD5 were ranged from 0.53 to 34.66 mg.l
-¹
. Concerning to the
zooplankton, 37 species were identified which belonged to Cladocera (48.38%), Copepod (43.28%), Rotifera
(8.23%), Targigrada (0.08%) and Cnidaria (0.1%). The medusa of Craspedacusta sowerbii Lankester (1880)
was recorded for the first time in Iraq. Regarding to zooplankton community, rotifer were ranged between 0
to 690.91 ind.m
-3
, Copepoda from 54.55 to 5927.27 ind.m
-3
and Cladocera ranged from 18.18 to 6072.73
ind.m
-3
. According to Shanon-Weiner index, species diversity for zooplankton invertebrates was ranged from
0.325 to 1.091 bits/ind. Jaccard’s similarity index showed that the highest similarity was recorded between
site (1) and site (4) with 40.74%.
A study of Zooplankton community has been carried out at four selected sites on Dukan Lake. Samples of water and zooplankton were collected monthly for the period from July 2015 to February 2016. Some physical and chemical properties of water were studied and the results showed that the air temperature were ranged from 0 to 36.16 °C, water temperature ranged from 2.83 to 34.66 °C, hydrogen ion concentration of studied sites were found to lie in alkaline side, it was ranged between 6.87 to 8.57, electrical conductivity ranged from 190.79 to 850.08 µs.cm-¹ , turbidity ranged from 0.9-7.7 NTU, and dissolved oxygen from 3.3 to 6.8 mg.l-¹ while BOD 5 were ranged from 0.53 to 34.66 mg.l-¹. Concerning to the zooplankton, 37 species were identified which belonged to Cladocera (48.38%), Copepod (43.28%), Rotifera (8.23%), Targigrada (0.08%) and Cnidaria (0.1%). The medusa of Craspedacusta sowerbii Lankester (1880) was recorded for the first time in Iraq. Regarding to zooplankton community, rotifer were ranged between 0 to 690.91 ind.m-3 , Copepoda from 54.55 to 5927.27 ind.m-3 and Cladocera ranged from 18.18 to 6072.73 ind.m-3. According to Shanon-Weiner index, species diversity for zooplankton invertebrates was ranged from 0.325 to 1.091 bits/ind. Jaccard's similarity index showed that the highest similarity was recorded between site (1) and site (4) with 40.74%.
Four stations were selected to carry out this study. Two stations were located at Al-ThartharEuphrates canal, while the remaining two were located at Euphrates River, to know the effect of
Al-Tharthar-Euphrates canal on the composition and diversity of zooplankton in Euphrates River.
In all the studied stations the total zooplankton showed high densities in autumn and low densities
in summer. The statistical analysis results showed significant difference between station 3 and
station 4 in Euphrates River. Rotifera were the dominant group quantitatively, followed by
Copepoda and Cladocera. 52 taxa of zooplankton were recorded, 32 taxa belonged to Rotifera, 12 to
the Cladocera and 7 to the Copepoda. The results also showed that the Rotifera: Keratella
cochlearis and Brachionus calyciflours, the Cladocera: Bosmina longirostris, the Copepoda: nauplii
were dominant in both canal and Euphrates River. The biodiversity indices indicated high
fluctuated with seasons. The results also showed that the species composition in the Euphrates river
were not affected by the canal water. The higher values of uniformity index of different
zooplankton groups indicate there is no ecological stress on zooplankton in the study area
This study was carried out on littoral waters of Al-Habbaniya Lake to obtain baseline data on the biodiversity of zooplankton from May 2013 to March 2014 at four different study sites. Sixty– seven taxa of zooplankton were found in Al-Habbaniya Lake. of these, 46 belonging to rotifera, 13 to cladocera, and 8 to copepoda. Rotifera was the dominant group (69%), followed by copepoda (25%) and cladocera (6%). The predominant spp were Keratella cochlearis, K.valga and Brachionus calyciflorus from rotifera,while Diaphanosoma brachyurum and Bosmina longirostris were the most dominant species from cladocera. Water temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH were the main environmental variables which influenced zooplankton abundance in the lake. Shannon-Wiener diversity index ranged from 0.7 (copepoda) to 2.8 (rotifera), species richness inex ranged from1 (copepod) to 4 (rotifera) and evenness index fluctuated between 0.60-0.84. This meant that the species were evenly distributed in all sites sampled. Based on these findings, it is concluded that the relatively high zooplankton species diversity in the Al-Habbaniya Lake is an indication that the ecosystem of this lake is characterized as a 'steady state' type.
The distribution and ecology of planktonic rotifers was investigated in 33 lakes in the North Island, New Zealand, between 1997 and 1999. A total of 79 species of monogonont rotifer were identified, with an average of 21 species per lake, a diversity which is high in comparison with many previous New Zealand studies. Most species recorded were cosmopolitan taxa, and were widespread in their distribution over the North Island. Multivariate analyses (Multi-Dimensional Scaling and Canonical Correspondence Analysis) did not distinguish distinct lake groupings based on rotifer communities, but rather gradients in assemblages, which were most highly associated with lake trophic state. Based on these responses, the development of potential rotifer bioindicator schemes for lake trophic state is described and discussed.
This study was carried out to determine Rotifera fauna in the Lake Gala (Edirne). In this aim, the samplings were performed at monthly intervals between March 2004 and January 2005. The plankton specimens obtained from the samples Which were collected with horizontal and vertical samplings and then a total number of 69 species and 2 subspecies belonging to 17 different families were identified. Totally, 58 species were recorded for the first time in Turkish Thrace, including Asplanchnopus hyalinus (Harring, 1913) , Lecane donneri (Chengalath and Mulamoottil, 1974), Dissotrocha aculeata (Ehrenberg, 1832), Proalides tentaculatus (De Beuchamp, 1907), Itura myersi (Wulf, 1935) and Paradicranophorus hudsoni (Glascott, 1893) which is a new record for Turkish Rotifera fauna .
The 3e of Ecology and Classification of North American Freshwater Invertebrates continues the tradition of in-depth coverage of the biology, ecology, phylogeny, and identification of freshwater invertebrates from the USA and Canada. This edition is in color for the first time and includes greatly expanded classification of many phyla and a downloadable set of references for all chapters. - Contains extensive and detailed classification keys for identification of diverse freshwater invertebrates. - Many drawings and color photographs of freshwater invertebrates. - Single source for a broad coverage of the anatomy, physiology, ecology, and phylogeny of all major groups of invertebrates in inland waters of North America, north of Mexico. "Thank you for the opportunity to comment on the latest edition of Thorp and Covich. I have admired prior editions of this superb book for its comprehensive coverage of freshwater invertebrates. The current edition improves upon the high standard set by prior editions through the use of color and greater taxonomic specificity. Authored by an outstanding collection of experts, individual chapters provide comprehensive coverage of morphology, physiology and ecology, as well as methods for collecting, rearing and preserving freshwater invertebrates. Together with chapters on ecology and habitats of inland waters, this carefully edited volume provides the central knowledge of freshwater invertebrates that every student and researcher will find invaluable. I highly recommend this superb new edition of Thorp and Covich - it is a must-own volume that every student and researcher of freshwater invertebrates will find invaluable." J. David Allan, Ph.D. Professor and Acting Dean School of Natural Resources and Environment The University of Michigan *** "This 3rd edition contains a wealth of information, which has expanded its utility beyond the earlier editions. Thorp and Covich gathered the recognized experts in North America to compile the full extent of current knowledge on this diverse group of aquatic fauna. The color plates are amazing and add tremendous value to both the learner and learned of the invertebrate biologists." Michael T. Barbour, PhD Director, Center for Ecological Studies Tetra Tech, Owings Mills, Maryland *** "At last, after half a century, this new edition of Thorp and Covich is a worthy successor to Edmondson's (1957) classic second edition of Ward and Whipple's Freshwater Biology. It brings us up to date on the amazing advances in the biology of freshwater invertebrates, the keys are detailed, and the illustrations as beautiful as they are useful." Nelson G. Hairston, Jr. Frank H.T. Rhodes Professor of Environmental Science Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Cornell University *** "The 3rd edition of Thorp and Covich has been extensively revised. The chapters are written by experts who present up-to-date reviews on the structure, function, ecology, and systematics of each invertebrate group. The biggest change from the 2nd edition is an expansion of the taxonomic keys to allow identifying many of the taxa to the species level. References to more-detailed monographs and web sites allow users to quickly gain a fuller perspective on particular groups of interest. The book should continue to be a vital resource for research labs and as a classroom text." John E. Havel, Ph.D. Professor of Biology Missouri State University "The 3rd edition of Ecology and Classification of North American Freshwater Invertebrates continues the tradition of in-depth coverage of the biology, ecology, phylogeny, and identification of freshwater invertebrates from the USA and Canada. This edition is in color for the first time and includes greatly expanded classification of many phyla and a downloadable set of references for all chapters."--GrrlScientist's Maniraptora blog on Nature.com "This third edition ensures that this work will remain the most up-to-date and comprehensive information source on freshwater invertebrate animals in the US and Canada. Numerous color photographs and some diagrams now brighten more than half of the new chapters. Fifty coauthors contributed, a 35 percent increase from the second edition.. Highly recommended."--CHOICE
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