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Modeling and Simulation of Optimal Configuration of Virtual Power Plant Oriented to Power Internet of Things
... Again, this research objective is motivated by the fact that VPPs are extensively used to provide ancillary services to the power grid. According to [22] VPPs are constituted of networks of distributed energy resources such as photovoltaic systems, wind turbines, Combined Heat and Power (CHP) units etc. By aggregating all these resources, a VPP can deliver similar services and subsequently trade in the same energy markets just like large central power plants. ...
... A Hive is a distributed energy market platform regulated through smart contracts where every user can buy and sell electrical energy [42]. 22 Prosume Foundation A Swiss foundation and non-profit organization with a vision of empowering communities to exchange energy assets in a P2P fashion using a blockchain-based online market [50]. ...
The rapid proliferation of renewable energy communities/ecosystems is an indication of their potential contribution to the ongoing energy transition. A common characteristic of these ecosystems is their complex composition, which often involves the interaction of multiple actors. Currently, the notions of "networking", "collaboration", "coordination", and "cooperation", although having different meanings, are often loosely used to describe these interactions, which creates a sense of ambiguity and confusion. To better characterize the nature of interactions in current and emerging ecosystems, this article uses the systematic literature review method to analyse 34 emerging cases. The objective is threefold (a) to study the interactions and engagements between the involved actors, aiming at identifying elements of collaboration. (b) Identify the adopted technological enablers, and (c) ascertain how the composition and functions of these ecosystems compare to virtual power plants. The outcome revealed that the interactions between the members of these ecosystems can be described as cooperation and not necessarily as collaboration, except in a few cases. Regarding technological enablers, a vast panoply of technologies, such as IoT devices, smart meters, intelligent software agents, peer-to-peer networks, distributed ledger systems/blockchain technology (including smart contracts, blockchain as a platform service, and cryptocurrencies) were found. In comparison with virtual power plants, these ecosystems have similar composition, thus, having multiple actors, comprised of decentralized and heterogeneous technologies, and are formed by aggregating various distributed energy resources. They are also supported by ICT and are characterized by the simultaneous flow of information and energy.
... Again, this research objective is motivated by the fact that VPPs are extensively used to provide ancillary services to the power grid. According to [22] VPPs are constituted of networks of distributed energy resources such as photovoltaic systems, wind turbines, Combined Heat and Power (CHP) units etc. By aggregating all these resources, a VPP can deliver similar services and subsequently trade in the same energy markets just like large central power plants. ...
... A Hive is a distributed energy market platform regulated through smart contracts where every user can buy and sell electrical energy [42]. 22 Prosume Foundation A Swiss foundation and non-profit organization with a vision of empowering communities to exchange energy assets in a P2P fashion using a blockchain-based online market [50]. ...
The rapid proliferation of renewable energy communities/ecosystems is an indication of their potential contri- bution to the ongoing energy transition. A common characteristic of these ecosystems is their complex compo- sition, which often involves the interaction of multiple actors. Currently, the notions of "networking", "collaboration", "coordination", and "cooperation", although having different meanings, are often loosely used to describe these interactions, which creates a sense of ambiguity and confusion. To better characterize the nature of interactions in current and emerging ecosystems, this article uses the systematic literature review method to analyse 34 emerging cases. The objective is threefold (a) to study the interactions and engagements between the involved actors, aiming at identifying elements of collaboration. (b) Identify the adopted technological enablers, and (c) ascertain how the composition and functions of these ecosystems compare to virtual power plants. The outcome revealed that the interactions between the members of these ecosystems can be described as cooperation and not necessarily as collaboration, except in a few cases. Regarding technological enablers, a vast panoply of technologies, such as IoT devices, smart meters, intelligent software agents, peer-to-peer networks, distributed ledger systems/blockchain technology (including smart contracts, blockchain as a platform service, and crypto- currencies) were found. In comparison with virtual power plants, these ecosystems have similar composition, thus, having multiple actors, comprised of decentralized and heterogeneous technologies, and are formed by aggregating various distributed energy resources. They are also supported by ICT and are characterized by the simultaneous flow of information and energy.
... In contrast to the past reliance on dedicated network connections for large-scale power plants and centralized loads, these emerging distributed resources tend to interact with the power grid through public communication networks [3][4][5]. This shift has greatly promoted the universal accessibility and utilization efficiency of resources, but it has also introduced new challenges, especially considering the openness, dynamic changes, and channel instability of such network environments [6][7][8], which are more prominent against the backdrop of the continuous increase in the penetration rate of new energy sources. With the increasing In addition, currently, flexible resources mainly participate in various flexibility markets through demand-side management. ...
With the gradual increase in the proportion of new energy sources in the power grid, there is an urgent need for more flexible resources to participate in short-term regulation. The impact of communication network channel quality will continue to magnify, and factors such as communication latency may directly affect the efficiency and effectiveness of resource regulation. In this context of a large number of flexible demand-side resources accessing the grid, this article proposes a bidirectional channel delay measurement method based on MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport). It can effectively evaluate the real-time performance of communication links, considering that resources mainly access the grid through the public network. Subsequently, focusing on two typical types of resources on the demand side, namely, split air conditioners and central air conditioners, this article proposes an assessment method for correcting the response capabilities of air conditioning resources considering communication latency. Experimental simulations are conducted, and the results demonstrate that under given communication conditions, this method can more accurately estimate the response capability of air conditioners. This provides a basis for formulating more reasonable scheduling strategies, avoiding excessive or insufficient resource regulation caused by communication issues, and aiding the power grid in achieving precise scheduling.
The paper shows the possibility of forming local electric power systems (LES) based on renewable energy sources (RES) as balancing groups in the electric power system (EPS), which can maintain their performance and provide offline power supply to consumers. The article considers the problem of balancing power and electricity in a power system in which electricity consumption and generation by renewable energy sources are proportional to each other. The principle that what is generated is consumed by its own consumers is realized in the power system. At the same time, a power plant is a part of an electric power system (EPS) with thermal and nuclear power plants and is considered a separate balancing group. Power grids are designed in such a way that they can operate autonomously in both normal and wartime conditions. The sources of electricity in the transmission system are small hydroelectric power plants (SHPPs), photovoltaic power plants (PVPPs) and wind power plants (WPPs), whose electricity generation is unstable due to dependence on natural conditions. Therefore, the structure of the RES power plant includes an energy storage system with sufficient reserves to compensate for the instability of generation and balancing. As a backup, the transmission system uses the existing maneuverable capacities, electrochemical storage, hydrogen technologies and biogas plants. The system also uses a method of coordinating the schedules of electricity generation and consumption by active consumers. The need for a phased development of the electricity storage system in the power grid is taken into account. For this purpose, the composition of methods and means of RES reservation in a power system is optimized, where the optimality criterion is the cost of the energy storage system. Since the information on the cost indicators of the storage facilities is incomplete or absent, the criterion method of similarity theory is used as an optimization method. It gives satisfactory results for pre-design analysis. It is shown that from the analysis of the proportionality and sensitivity of the relative costs of possible methods and means of RES storage, it is possible to determine the relative advantages of some compared to others. An example of a power transmission system consisting of individual microgrid is given.
With consumer electronics (CE) development, green Internet-of-Vehicles (IoV)-based renewable energy systems have attracted an upsurge in interest. Nonetheless, efficient energy management and high renewable energy efficiency are facing crucial challenges. To tackle such issues, motivated by the virtual power plant (VPP), we propose a smart energy management scheme, integrating the merits of software and hardware. Particularly, leveraging electrical vehicles (EVs) and reconfigurable CE chips, the proposed system enables EVs to autonomously charge or discharge batteries for intelligent storing of surplus electricity generated by renewable resources. However, such a system requires frequent sharing of sensitive data (i.e., EV users’ identification information, locations, etc.) between the control center and CE chips, resulting in privacy issues and communication overhead. For this, we propose a federal EV decision learning (FEVDL) approach. FEVDL allows EVs to share trained models without revealing sensitive data. FEVDL can achieve a competitive accuracy of about 99% compared with isolated edge learning. Meanwhile, it separately improves inference accuracy by about 4%, 15%, and 25% under three challenging conditions. Therefore, a privacy-preserving green IoV-VPP system can efficiently operate the distributed EV batteries as a large-scale power-storage facility.
Процес діагностування захворювань раку є складним та трудомістким. Додатково даний процес потребує організації взаємодії між декількома командами лікарів-діагностів. Підходів до постановки діагнозу також є декілька, тому розробка системи підтримки прийняття рішень, що дозволяє взаємодіяти декільком учасникам є актуальною задачею. На даний момент широко використовується постановка діагнозу на основі імуногістохімічних та гістологічних зображень з використанням наперед визначених правил діагностування. Ключову роль в даному процесі відіграє лікар-діагност, який володіє необхідними знаннями, вміннями та компетенцією. Розробка автоматизованої системи визначення кількісних характеристик імуногістохімічних зображень, таких як відносна площа ядер клітин та інтенсивність забарвленості цих клітин дозволить пришвидшити процес опрацювання стеку зображень. Розробка зручного графічного інтерфейсу для лікарів дозволить зробити систему підтримки прийняття рішень більш зручною та інтуїтивно зрозумілою. При розробці комп’ютерних систем для діагностування захворювань на основі зображень необхідно враховувати велику кількість обмежень, зокрема потужності робочих станцій, механізми спільного захищеного доступу тощо. Використання мікросервісної архітектури стало активно впроваджуватись останнім часом, особливо в системах що потребують значних обчислювальних ресурсів та ресурсів пам’яті. Принцип мікросервісної архітектури полягає у розділені програми або системи на сукупність невеликих сервісів, які об’єднані між собою з допомогою мережевих технологій.
У даній роботі авторами розроблено і представлено мікросервісну архітектури веб-системи для перегляду досліджень на основі імуногістохімічних зображень, що складається з окремих модулів для безперервної та надійної роботи в межах лабораторії. Ключовою особливістю даної розробки є наявність сучасного графічного інтерфейсу для лікарів без необхідності наявності спеціальних навиків для керування дослідженнями та наявність модулю автоматичного опрацювання імуногістохімічних зображень.
Ключові слова: імуногістохімічні зображення, мікросервіси, веб-система.
Розширена анотація англійською мовою
The process of diagnosing cancer is complex and time-consuming. In addition, this process requires the organization of interaction between several teams of doctors – diagnosticians. There are also several approaches to making a diagnosis, so the development of a decision support system that allows several participants to interact is an urgent task. Currently, diagnosis based on immunohistochemical and histological images using predetermined diagnostic rules is widely used. A key role in this process is played by a diagnostician who has the necessary knowledge, skills and competence. The development of an automated system for determining the quantitative characteristics of immunohistochemical images, such as the relative area of cell nuclei and the intensity of staining of these cells, will allow speeding up the image stack processing process. The development of a user-friendly graphical interface for doctors will make the decision support system more convenient and intuitive. A large number of constraints must be taken into account when developing computer systems for image-based disease diagnosis, including workstation capacities, shared secure access mechanisms, etc. The use of microservice architecture has been actively implemented recently, especially in systems that require significant computing and memory resources. The principle of microservice architecture consists in dividing programs or systems into a set of small services that are connected to each other using network technologies.
In this work, the authors developed and presented a microservice architecture of a web system for viewing studies based on immunohistochemical images, consisting of separate modules for continuous and reliable work within the laboratory. The key feature of this development is the presence of a modern graphical interface for doctors without the need for special skills to manage studies and the presence of a module for automatic processing of immunohistochemical images.
Keywords: immunohistochemical images, microservices, web system.
The definitions of the virtual power plant (VPP) in different literature are given first after analyzing the background of the emergence of VPP, and the nuclear concept of VPP is distilled. Accordingly, a comparison between VPP and microgrid is made with reference to relevant researches. The key technical know-how of VPP are discussed systematically, which includes coordinated control, smart metering and information and communication skills. Depending on the differences in functions, VPP is then divided into two major modules, the commercial VPP (CVPP) and the technical VPP (TVPP), based on which the operating structure of VPP is elaborated. Then, with the status quo of China's power systems taken into account, the developing potentials and suggestions for further advances of VPP in China are discussed. Finally, some future research directions are envisaged.
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