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Perpetrators and Common Places of Sexual Harassment Against Adolescent School Girls in Nepal Pesticide Uses and its Effects on Public Health and Environment View project Health awareness View project Perpetrators and Common Places of Sexual Harassment Against Adolescent School Girls in Nepal
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of the study was to explore the situation of sexual harassment among the adolescent girl students in Rupandehi district of Nepal. Method:
Concurrent mix method was applied in the study. Total 402 adolescent school girls were selected for quantitative study. Five focus group discussion (FGD), four
key informant information (KII) and seven in-depth interviews (IDI) were carried out for qualitative study. The quantitative data were analyzed in IBM SPSS 20.
The qualitative data were transcribed manually and triangulated with quantitate data. Results: Higher prevalence (89%) of sexual harassment have been found
in the studied group. The verbal types of harassments were most common (68.5%) among the victim. Conclusion: Sexual harassment was a common on the
girl students at Rupandehi district and they were suffering from different types of sexual harassment. Among the different level of sexual harassment, less
severe types of sexual harassments were more common than moderate severe level and most severe types of sexual harassments
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Background:
Sexual harassment has received global attention and has been recognized as a public health problem with increased physical and mental health risks among the victims. This study attempted to assess understanding, experience, response and effect of sexual harassment among the secondary school female students in Kathmandu, Nepal.
Methods:
It was a mixed method study conducted among 441 secondary level female students. In quantitative component, a structured questionnaire was used to collect information relating to socio-demographic characteristics, and understanding, experience, response and effect of sexual harassment from 441 participants from three clusters (schools) of Tokha Municipality, Kathmandu. For qualitative method, two focused group discussions were conducted to assess the understanding of and response to sexual harassment. Quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed using Chi square test and thematic analysis method respectively.
Results:
Around 76% of the participants had experienced some forms of sexual harassment in their life. Sexual harassment was significantly associated with religion and parental occupation. Majority of participants who faced sexual harassment reported that the perpetrators were strangers and they either ignored it or did nothing at the time of events. School, roads and public places were the most common settings where participants encountered sexual harassment.
Conclusions:
Sexual harassment is prevalent among female secondary students in Kathmandu. However, they lacked a clear understating of and ways to respond to sexual harassment. Raising awareness to recognize and respond to different forms of harassment and to change the victim-blaming attitudes can be a potential strategy for tackling the problem in Nepalese society.
Purpose:
Sexual harassment has been recognized as a serious problem in the world. It reduces the dignity of human rights. Therefore, this study aims to identify the prevalence of sexual harassment in public transportation and its consequences on female students in the Kathmandu valley of Nepal.
Methods:
A structured questionnaire was applied for collecting the data from five health science locations in the Kathmandu Valley. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify the association with sexual harassment and its determinants.
Results:
The female student who lived far away from campus (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] =9.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] =0.56, 14.03) and lived alone (AOR =10.44, 95% CI =2.83, 38.46) had more chance to be harassed. However, those students who traveled sometimes (AOR =0.01, 95% CI =0, 0.03) had a lower chance to face sexual harassment in public transportation.
Conclusion:
Sexual harassment in public transportation was found to be significantly higher in female students who live alone and who travel more frequently in the evening. In addition, the study concluded that public vehicles are strongly associated with sexual harassment among female students in the Kathmandu Valley.
p class="Default"> Background: Sexual harassment on public transport is an everyday occurrence for millions of girls and women around the globe. With the skyrocketing population of Kathmandu valley public transport has been facing enormous pressure. The major victims of these harassments happens to be college going girls and working women as they tend to travel more in public transports. This study sought to determine the prevalence and factors responsible for sexual harassment in public transport among female health science students.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 396 female health science students studying in Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences using self-administered structured questionnaire. Participants were selected through stratified random sampling method.
Results: The prevalence of sexual harassment among female health science students was found to be 79.6%. Physical harassment was the most prominent type of harassment (67.1%) followed by verbal (61.2%) and non verbal 34.6%. After the experience of sexual harassment, 44.6% scolded the harasser, 29.1% kept silent, 17.3% dropped at nearest bus station whereas remaining 9% reacted in other different ways. Overcrowding was considered as main reason for sexual harassment by 69.2% of the participants. 36.8% of female students didn’t use any precautionary methods whereas 32.6% avoided going out alone at night.
Conclusion: The study reveals that the prevalence of sexual harassment is significantly high. With increasing population and limited vehicles people are left with no option rather than travelling in the overcrowded vehicles where the chances of experiencing various sorts of sexual harassments are very high. In order to address this emerging issue, prompt and appropriate intervention should be taken by government, public and especially the status of women must be raised in society.
JMMIHS.2018;4(1):20-32</p
Sufficient knowledge is available about the definition, details and differences of qualitative content and thematic analysis as two approaches of qualitative descriptive research. However, identifying the main features of theme as the data analysis product and the method of its development remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to describe the meaning of theme and offer a method on theme construction that can be used by qualitative content analysis and thematic analysis researchers in line with the underpinning specific approach to data analysis. This methodological paper comprises an analytical overview of qualitative
descriptive research products and the meaning of theme. Also, our practical experiences of qualitative analysis supported by relevant published literature informed the generation of a stage like model of theme construction for qualitative content analysis and thematic analysis. This paper comprises: (i) analytical importance of theme, (ii) meaning of theme, (iii) meaning of category, (iv) theme and category in terms of level of content, and (v) theme development. This paper offers a conceptual clarification and a pragmatic step by step method of theme development that has the capacity of assisting nurse researchers understand how theme is developed. As nursing is a pragmatic discipline, nurse researchers have tried to develop practical findings and devise some way to “do something” with findings to enhance the action and impact of nursing. The application of a precise method of theme development for qualitative descriptive data analysis suggested in this paper helps yield meaningful, credible and practical results for nursing.
This study analysed perceived sexual harassment experiences and responses among 136 female students (aged 19 to 40) randomly drawn from an institution of higher learning in Zimbabwe. A Sexual Harassment Questionnaire (SEQ) was administered to the participants. Data were summarized using descriptive statistics. Thirty-one percent (42) of the students acknowledged having been sexually harassed. About 69% (94) of the students appeared not to recognize sexually harassment that may have occurred to them. Only a minority of the students (7%) reported the harassment. Sexual harassment policies may help mitigate the experience of sexual experience by college students in Zimbabwe.
Drawing on recent insights from the study of legal consciousness and gender relations, the authors test the generality of Catharine MacKinnon's theory of the sexual harassment of adult women. Survey and interview data from the Youth Development Study and the General Social Survey are analyzed to identify a behavioral syndrome of sexual harassment for males and females during adolescence and young adulthood and to compare the syndrome against subjective reports of sexual harassment. A clear harassment syndrome is found for all age and sex groups and MacKinnon's predictions about the influence of workplace power and gender relations are generally supported. Financially vulnerable men as well as women are most likely to experience harassing behaviors, and men pursuing more egalitarian gender relationships are most likely to identify such behaviors as sexual harassment. Nevertheless, adult women remain the most frequent targets of classic sexual harassment markers, such as unwanted touching and invasion of personal space.
This book presents a look at the "big picture." Is sexual harassment common? What kinds of behaviors are taking place? Who is being harassed, and who is doing the harassing? For students who admit to harassing others, why do they do it? How does sexual harassment affect students' educational experience? What do students think should be done about sexual harassment on campus? This report analyzes findings from a nationally representative survey of undergraduate college students commissioned by the American Association of University Women Educational Foundation and conducted by Harris Interactive in spring 2005. The report is part of AAUW's continuing work to address the problem of sexual harassment in education. It reveals that colleges and universities still have work to do to foster a campus climate that is free from bias and harassment so that all students have an equal opportunity to excel in higher education. As this research documents, most college students experience some type of sexual harassment while at college, often during their first year. This book contains four chapters: (1) Defining Sexual Harassment on Campus; (2) Prevalence of Sexual Harassment on Campus; (3) Dealing With Sexual Harassment on Campus; and (4) Implications. This following are appended: (1) Methodology; and (2) Selected Resources. (Contains 12 figures.)
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jkmc.v1i2.8140Journal of Kathmandu Medical College, Vol. 1, No. 2, Oct.-Dec., 2012: 69-70
Violence against women in public space is a serious, worldwide problem. Essentially, as women move from lives confined to the domestic sphere, their very spatial mobility might be perceived to be a form of defiance and deviance. This article uses a mixed method approach to explore sexual harassment and assault in public transport in Kathmandu, Nepal. Survey data were gathered from 238 college-age women to explore the frequency, type, and seriousness of sexual harassment and assault. Surveys also solicited reactions to these victimization experiences, as well as any response made at the time of the incident. Interviews with 35 subjects were also conducted. Taken together, the data indicate that sexual harassment and sexual assault are ubiquitous on public transport with younger women particular targets of this abuse. Despite the seriousness of some of these assaults and comments from young women indicating the trauma resulting from these intrusions, none filed official complaints to the bus companies or the police. It appears that public transport offers males both proximity and anonymity, which, in turn, results in high levels of abuse with very little risk of social or legal consequences.
In this paper, we examined the forms and relationship contexts of bullying in adolescence. Using cross-sectional data, we assessed grade and sex differences in self-reports of bullying and sexually harassing peers, as well as reports of dating aggression from1896 students from early to late adolescence. Reports of bullying others were highest around the school transition, with lowest levels at the end of high school. Boys reported more bullying and sexual harassment than girls. Sexual harassment of same- and opposite-sex peers increased over the early adolescent years and leveled off in later high-school years. There were no sex differences in the prevalence of indirect or physical aggression with a dating partner. Adolescents who bullied were at increased risk for the other forms of relationship aggression. These data highlight bullying as a relationship problem and point to the need for prevention programs to curtail the use of power and aggression in adolescent relationships. Aggr. Behav. 32:376–384, 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
This study explores differences and similarities between sexual harassment of students by teachers and by peers. Respondents were adolescents in 22 secondary schools, randomly selected in 2 regions in the Netherlands. Of the 2808 students 512 (18%) reported unwanted sexual experiences at school in the past 12 months: 370 girls (72%) and 142 boys (28%). Using discriminant function analysis we found 2 qualitatively different types of unwanted sexual behavior. Unwanted sexual behavior by school personnel is more often nonverbal in nature, physical, or a combination of different sorts of behavior and is more often directed at girls. Students experience teacher harassment as more upsetting than unwanted sexual behavior by their peers. They also experience more psychosomatic health problems when harassed by teachers. Unwanted sexual behavior by peers is more often of a verbal nature. Students experience less psychosomatic health problems when harassed by peers.
The current study describes longitudinal trends in sexual harassment by adolescent peers and highlights gender, pubertal status, attractiveness, and power as predictors of harassment victimization. At the end of 5th, 7th, and 9th grades, 242 adolescents completed questionnaires about sexual harassment victimization, pubertal status, and perceived power. Results indicate an increase in sexual harassment from 5th to 9th grade, with boys more likely to report harassment than girls in each grade. An analysis of harassment type indicated no gender difference in 9th grade cross-gender harassment, but boys received more same-gender harassment than girls. Pubertal status predicted concurrent sexual harassment victimization in each grade. Boys and girls with advanced pubertal status at all grades were more likely to be victims of 9th grade same-gender harassment. Adolescents with greater power at all grades were more likely to be victims of 9th grade cross-gender sexual harassment.
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