EUPPCL 2012. Microdatos de la Encuesta sobre uso de permisos parentales y sus consecuencias laborales. Microdata from the Survey on the Use of Parental Leave and their Labor Consequences (2012)
Abstract
This is a survey that we conducted in 2012 among 1,130 couples whose children were between 3 and 8 years old, residing in Madrid and its metropolitan area.
The questionnaire had a closed structure and was divided into three parts: the first one had 7 common questions for both parents (household characteristics); the second part had 39 questions to be filled out by the mother; and the third part had 46 questions for the father. The objective was to gather information (from the mother and father) about how they organized (after birth) the care tasks of the child who had given them the questionnaire from the school (the reference child). The various blocks of questions dealt with topics such as: who used childbirth leaves; how long they lasted; what kind of leave (paternity leave, maternity leave, breastfeeding leave, unpaid parental leave, vacation days...); when was the baby born (before or after the entry into force of the 13-day paternity leave); what were the socio-labour characteristics of partners; how did they distribute the different childcare tasks; what gender attitude did they have; and what problems or barriers did they face when they tried to make care and professional life compatible.
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... Esta encuesta ad hoc, denominada "Encuesta sobre uso de permisos parentales y sus consecuencias laborales (EUPPCL 2012)" utilizó un muestreo de conglomerados en dos etapas con estratificación en la primera etapa. Su error de muestreo es de 2,91% (Escot et al, 2012). ...
El objetivo Se analiza si existe relación entre el diseño de los permisos parentales remunerados y la prevalencia y duración de la lactancia materna, a la vez que se estudian los factores de riesgo y de protección, incluidas la lactancia y la participación materna en el mercado laboral, en la salud mental de la infancia a medio y largo plazo. Se realizan dos estudios cuantitativos en un contexto español urbano, partiendo de una encuesta representativa y de estudio observacional analítico, con estudio de casos y controles, que resultan complementarios al incluir variables y enfoques económicos, psicológicos, sociológicos y de políticas pública. La participación en el mercado laboral de la madre y la lactancia materna, especialmente cuando ambas circunstancias ocurren a la vez, son factores de protección para la infancia, tanto económica como psicológicamente. La actual duración del permiso de maternidad no correlaciona con la provisión o no de leche materna ni con la duración de esta práctica. La principal consecuencia de política laboral es la importancia de poner en práctica un sistema de permisos que fomente un uso igualitario entre hombres y mujeres durante el primer año de vida, con permisos iguales, intransferibles, pagados al 100% y de uso sucesivo, ya que mejora los factores que influyen en el bienestar infantil, a la vez que promueve el objetivo de igualdad de género. La política sanitara también podría apoyar el uso igualitario de los permisos mediante su consejo y formación en favor de la corresponsabilidad de los padres en el cuidado, de forma similar a como hace con la lactancia materna.
... The database in this article is the survey of the use of parental leave and its labor consequences (Encuesta sobre el usode los permisos parentales y sus consecuencias laborales 2012). The microdata and questionnaire are available online (Escot et al., 2012;Fern andez-Cornejo et al., 2016). The target population for the survey is fathers and mothers living in Madrid and its metropolitan area with children aged between 3 and 8 (born between 2005 and 2008). ...
Objective
The article evaluates the 2007 introduction of nontransferable and fully paid paternity leave in Spain.
Background
Previous research has focused on paternity leave reforms, especially in the Nordic and continental countries. This article studies characteristics of the parental leave system design, including transferability, payment, and purpose of different types of leave for mothers and fathers in a Mediterranean country.
Method
We use a quasi‐experimental approach based on a sample of heterosexual dual‐earner couples with children born before and after the paternity leave introduction. We estimate differences in differences regression models.
Results
The 2007 reform caused a significant increase in fathers' number of days of parental leave. Most fathers used the whole nontransferable and fully paid paternity leave, but they hardly used transferable or unpaid leave. Mothers used all of these, especially paid leave.
Conclusion
The number of nontransferable fully paid days of parental leave provided by law approximates the actual number of days most fathers used.
Implications
The policy design matters. A design of equal, nontransferable, and fully paid leave for each parent is necessary for equal use by fathers and mothers—and thus for gender equality in families and work.
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