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Abstract

Background and Objectives: Appetite is an essential factor in obesity. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on GLP-1, appetite, and weight of obese mice while maintaining a high caloric diet. Subjects and Methods A total of 24 C57BL/6 mice with a Mean±SD weight of 20.7±1 g were selected. After implementing a high caloric dieting and making them fat (Mean±SD weight: 30.95±3.23 g), they were divided into two groups of training and control. A high caloric diet was maintained for both groups (training and control) until the end of the experiment, while the training group performed HIIT for 8 weeks. Every session of HIIT included 30 minutes of exercise with a progressive intensity of 50% to 60% in low-intensity intervals and 80% to 90% in high-intensity intervals. The independent t test and analysis of variance with repeated measures were used for data analysis. Results Findings of the study indicated that GLP-1 increased significantly in the HIIT training group compared to the control group (P<0.05). In the HIIT group, body weight was significantly higher (P<0.001), and food intake was significantly lower (P<0.001) than those in the control group. Conclusion When consuming high-calorie food, HIIT training can probably cause weight loss through reducing appetite mediated by increasing GLP-1
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Aug, Sep 2021. Volume 20. Number 3
* Corresponding Author:
Maryam Koushkie Jahromi
Address:

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Research Paper:
The Eect of High-Intensity Interval Training on GLP-1, Appete, and
Weight in Obese Rats


Mohammad Hossein Sepehri1 , Javad Nema1 , *Maryam Koushkie Jahromi1 , Mohammad Hadi Eskandai2, Farhad
Daryanoosh1
Background and Objecves:-


Subjects and Methods     
 

          



Results-


Conclusion        

A B S T R A C T
Keywords:



Received:
Accepted:
Available Online:
Citaon
 


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https://doi.org/10.32598/JSMJ.20.3.1975
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

 GLP-1

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   
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t         
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        
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     
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




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
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

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Aug, Sep 2021. Volume 20. Number 3

[1]       -
        


[2]        
         

[3]       -
     
      

[4]        



-
 -

[5] -
 
        -
 -

[6]         

[7]        
   
  

[8] 
       

      
-
 -

[9]          
  -
 
    
        



 -
     

[11] 
 -

[12]
         
        
   

[13]
-


[14]
          -
        
        

[15]
     
       
     

[16]
    
      -
    

[17]
-
      
    

[18]
-
   
       -
 

[19]
          
    




  

 

[21]
          
   
 -
   
      

[22]
         
   -
  

[23]
     -
          
     

[24]
            
    
   
     -

[25]

        
         

Sepehri MH, et al. High-Intensity Interval Training on GLP-1, Appetite, and Weight. JSMJ. 2021; 20(3):290-299.
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Aug, Sep 2021. Volume 20. Number 3
[26]

-
-

[27]
  
  -
   

[28]
-


[29]
           
 -
       
       


-
        

[31]
-
         
      

[32]
         -
  
      
        

[33]
        -
      -



[34]
        
   

[35]
 
-
   
    

[36]
      
     
         -
     
     

[37]
         
       


[38]         -
      -
       

[39]   
-
   



[41]     
-
-


[42] 

 -


[43]   -

    -
       
  

[44]    -
    
       

[45]  
        
       


[46] 

         
  

[47]     -

       
 

[48] -
 
 

[49]

       
 

  


[51]          -
    
-
Sepehri MH, et al. High-Intensity Interval Training on GLP-1, Appetite, and Weight. JSMJ. 2021; 20(3):290-299.
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

[52]    
    


[53]      
  



Article
Background and Objectives Obesity is one of the most important concerns and problems that threaten health all over the world, and sports activity and healthy diet are the most important ways to treat and prevent it. so, this study aims to evaluate the effect of 12 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and Ellagic Acid (EA) supplementation on oxidative/antioxidant markers in obese women. Subjects and Methods In this randomized clinical trial, 56 inactive obese women were randomly divided into four groups of HIIT, EA, EA+HIIT, and Control. The HIIT groups performed the training for 12 weeks including four 4-minute interval running at 85-95% HRpeak, 3 minutes of running at 50-60% HRpeak and 7 minutes of rest interval. EA supplement was administered at a dose of 50 mg/day for 12 weeks. Blood samples were collected from the subjects before and 48 hours after the last session to assess serum levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), Malondialdehyde (MDA), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Results There was a significant difference between EA+HIIT and HIIT groups in MDA (P=0.005), TAC (P=0.003) and GPx (P=0.0001) after intervention. There was a significant difference between the MDA and TAC values of the subjects in the studied groups after 12 weeks of HIIT with EA supplementation (P=0.0001). And this was the difference between the combined group (EA+HIIT) and other groups. Conclusion Twelve weeks of HIIT and EA supplementation can significantly improve antioxidant and oxidant factors in obese women.
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Background: High intensity interval training (HIIT) is a novel training method which has received most attention in recent years. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of 8 weeks of high intensity interval training (HIIT) on plasma levels of adiponectin and leptin in overweight nurses. Materials and Methods: 27 nurses (mean age 25.81±60 years, height 158.01±67 cm and weight 69.41±25 kg) were voluntarily selected and randomly assigned to three groups (each group 9 subjects): 1. HIIT (type 1) including 8 seconds of sprint running and 12 seconds of active recovery 2. HIIT (type 2) including 40-m shuttle run with maximum speed 3. Control group. HIIT (type 1) was performed for eight weeks, three sessions per week, each session 6-9 min. With more than 90% HRmax. HIIT (type 2) was applied for eight weeks, three sessions per week with more than 90% HRmax. The control group did not participate in any training protocol. Results: The data were analyzed by the dependent t test and ANOVA. The results showed that the HIIT (type 1) and (type 2) had significant effects on plasma leptin decrease and plasma adiponectin concentration increase in nurses. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the intergroup data at p˂0.05. Conclusion: The results showed a significant difference in the variables (leptin and adiponectin) among HIIT (type 1), HIIT (type 2) and control.
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Aim: We aimed to investigate the metabolic effects of HIIT exercise on PCOS patients and how it affects adiponectin, vaspin and leptin. Material and methods: Twenty women with PCOS were included in the study and were divided into two groups. HIIT program was applied for 10 PCOS and Medium Intensity Continuous Training (MICT) program was applied for other 10 PCOS. At the beginning and at the end of the study, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride(TG), insulin, Adiponectin, Leptin, Vaspin levels of both PCOS groups were evaluated. Results: When PCOS patients by performed HIIT exercise for 12 weeks, we found that the levels of leptin and vaspin did not change while adiponectin levels increased. Moreover serum levels of insulin, TG, total cholesterol, LDL-C decreased but levels of HDL-C increased. Conclusion: HIIT increased in the adiponectin levels in women with PCOS and provided more weight loss.
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Background and purpose: The connection between exercise and appetite has ramifications for acute energy balance and weight-management. Research would suggest that exercise training can transiently suppress appetite, particularly in overweight and T2D, healthy-weight individuals. However, the effect of such a transient appetite suppression on subsequent food intake may be restricted. The aim of this thesis was to investigate appetite responses to HIIT in obesity with T2D and to assess the effect of other exercise characteristics, as well as exercise intensity, in mediating these responses especially appetite hormones. Materials and methods: Eighty individuals with type 2 diabetes (forty normal and forty obesity weight) performed HIIT trials, all in arandomly divided, in 8 groups (10 in each group) which included, obesity non-diabetic control, obesity diabetic control, normal weight diabetic control, obesity non-diabetic training, obesity diabetic training, normal weight, non-diabetic training, and normal weight diabetic training. Twelve-weeks HIIT sessions (each session of an interval training includes 60 s of high intensity training (85-95% of reserve heart rate)) + running for 60 s at low intensity (55-60% of reserve heart rate) were applied. Blood samples were taken at the beginning and after the fourth, eighth and twelfth week of the training. Data were analyzed using repeated variance analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: The results showed that training reduced ghrelin plasma levels in obese diabetic subjects (P < 0.05). Training has reduced PYY plasma in healthy subjects (non-diabetic) with normal weight (P < 0.05). Training reduced plasma levels of PYY in diabetic patients with normal weight and increased it in obese diabetic and healthy subjects (P < 0.05). Training has increased GLP-1 plasma in obese diabetic and diabetic with normal weight groups (P < 0.05). Training reduced TNF-α in normal (non-diabetic) subjects with normal weight and diabetic and non-diabetic obese subjects. Conclusion: Collectively, the studies reported here suggest that appetite hormones differ between lean and obesity participants. The finding also suggested HIIT is more likely to elicit appetite hormones responses in obesity than in lean individuals with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, with caution, it is recommended that the high intensity interval training can be beneficial for these patients.
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Purpose: Studies on the impact of chronic interval training on appetite in the obese population are scarce. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of 12 weeks of isocaloric programs of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) or high-intensity interval training (HIIT), or a short-duration HIIT (1/2HIIT), on subjective feelings of appetite, appetite-related hormones and reward value of food in sedentary obese individuals. Methods: Forty-six sedentary obese individuals (30 women and 16 men), with a BMI of 33.3±2.9 kg/m and age of 34.4±8.8 years were randomly assigned to one of the three training groups: MICT (n=14), HIIT (n=16) or 1/2-HIIT (n=16). Exercise was performed 3 times/week for 12 weeks. Subjective feelings of appetite and plasma levels of acylated ghrelin (AG), polypeptide YY3-36 (PYY3-36) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) were measured before and after a standard breakfast (every 30 minutes up to 3h), before and after the exercise intervention. Fat and sweet taste preferences and food reward were measured using the Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire. Results: A significant increase in fasting and postprandial feelings of hunger was observed with the exercise intervention (P=0.01 and P=0.048, respectively), but no effect of group and no interaction. No significant effect of exercise intervention, group or interaction was found on fasting or postprandial subjective feelings of fullness, desire to eat and prospective food consumption or plasma concentration of AG, PYY3-36 and GLP-1. No changes in food preference or reward over time, differences between groups, or interactions were found. Conclusions: This study suggests that chronic HIIT has no independent effect on appetite or food reward when compared with an isocaloric program of MICT in obese individuals.
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We examined whether reversal of high fat diet, stimulating weight loss, compared to two treatments previously shown to have beneficial effects, could improve glucose utilization and peripheral neuropathy in animal models of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Rats were fed a high fat diet and treated with a low dose of streptozotocin to create models of diet induced obesity or type 2 diabetes, respectively. Afterwards, rats were transferred to a normal diet or treated with enalapril or dietary enrichment with menhaden oil for 12 weeks. Obesity and to a greater extent type 2 diabetes were associated with impaired glucose utilization and peripheral neuropathy. Placing obese rats on a normal diet improved glucose utilization. Steatosis but not peripheral neuropathy was improved after placing obese or diabetic rats on a normal diet. Treating obese and diabetic rats with enalapril or a menhaden oil enriched diet generally improved peripheral neuropathy endpoints. In summary, dietary improvement with weight loss in obese or type 2 diabetic rats was not sufficient to correct peripheral neuropathy. These results further stress the need for discovery of a comprehensive treatment for peripheral neuropathy.
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Background Obesity is currently characterized as a worldwide health pandemic. High-intensity interval training and L-arginine intake are known to exert health benefits as improving obesity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 6 weeks of high-intensity interval training and L-arginine supplementation on serum levels of adiponectin and lipid profile in overweight and obese young men. Methods In this quasi-experimental study, 40 overweight and obese young men (age: 24.5 ± 6.5 years and body mass index of 29.4 ± 3.6 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to 4 equal groups including high-intensity interval training (3 sessions/week), L-arginine (6 g/day), high-intensity interval training along with L-arginine supplementation and placebo. Serum adiponectin level and lipid profile, body weight and fat percentage were measured 24 h before and 36 h after the 6 weeks of intervention. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and mixed ANOVA tests (P < 0.05). Results No significant changes were found in serum adiponectin levels, lipid profile, body mass index, and fat percentage after high-intensity interval training and/or L-arginine intake (P > 0.05). Conclusion It seems that no change in adiponectin levels and lipid profile in overweight and obese men after high-intensity interval training and L-arginine supplementation intake is due to the lack of weight loss and body fat percentage.
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Aims: Exercise is beneficial in obesity, however, the debate about the value of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) vs. moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) has been long lasting. Therefore, here we have compared the possible beneficial effects of two different exercise training regimes in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity (DIO). Materials and methods: Following 7wk. on high fat diet (HFD), ten-week-old male ICR mice (n=30) were assigned to HIIT, distance-matched MICT or remained sedentary for the next 8 constitutive weeks while maintaining the dietary treatments. Age-matched sedentary mice with standard diet were used as a control (n=10). Exercise was performed on a motorized treadmill for 5days a week. Key findings: Both modes of exercise ameliorated adiposity and related metabolic dysfunction induced by HFD and sedentary lifestyle, while mice following HIIT exhibited significantly lower body weight, percentage of fat mass and smaller adipocyte size. HIIT was more favorable in preventing liver lipid accumulation by restoring mRNA levels of genes involved in hepatic lipogenesis (SREBP1, ACC1, FAS) and β-oxidation (PPARα, CPT1a, HAD). In addition, HIIT was more efficient in mitigating adipose tissue inflammation and insulin insensitivity, partly dependent on abrogating phosphorylation of JNK/IRS1 (Ser307) pathway. Moreover, only HIIT led to pronounced beige adipocyte recruitment in inguinal subcutaneous adipose tissue. Significance: We conclude that HIIT contribute a more favorable regulation of metabolic dysfunctions in DIO mice compared with MICT.
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Regular physical activity or exercise training are important actions to improve cardiorespiratory fitness and maintain health throughout life. There is solid evidence that exercise is an effective preventative strategy against at least 25 medical conditions, including cardiovascular disease, stroke, hypertension, colon and breast cancer, and type 2 diabetes. Traditionally, endurance exercise training (ET) to improve health related outcomes has consisted of low- to moderate ET intensity. However, a growing body of evidence suggests that higher exercise intensities may be superior to moderate intensity for maximizing health outcomes. The primary objective of this review is to discuss how aerobic high-intensity interval training (HIIT) as compared to moderate continuous training may maximize outcomes, and to provide practical advices for successful clinical and home-based HIIT.
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Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is released in response to meals and exerts important roles in the maintenance of normal glucose homeostasis. GLP-1 is also important in the regulation of neurologic and cognitive functions. These actions are mediated via neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract that project to multiple regions expressing GLP-1 receptors (GLP-1Rs). Treatment with GLP-1R agonists (GLP-1-RAs) reduces ischemia-induced hyperactivity, oxidative stress, neuronal damage and apoptosis, cerebral infarct volume, and neurologic damage, after cerebral ischemia, in experimental models. Ongoing human trials report a neuroprotective effect of GLP-1-RAs in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. In this review, we discuss the role of GLP-1 and GLP-1-RAs in the nervous system with focus on GLP-1 actions on appetite regulation, glucose homeostasis, and neuroprotection.