A SURVEY OF RUNNING CRAB SPIDERS PHILODROMIDAE (ARANEAE) OF ARMENIA

Abstract

Twelve species of philodromid crab or running crab spiders (Philodromidae) have been recorded in Armenia. Nine species are new to the spider fauna of this country: Philodromus cespitum (Walckenaer, 1802); Philodromus emarginatus (Schrank, 1803), Philodromus rufus Walckenaer, 1826; Rhysodromus histrio (Latreille, 1819), Thanatus atratus Simon, 1875; Thanatus formicinus (Clerck, 1757); Thanatus imbecillus L. Koch, 1878; Thanatus vulgaris Simon, 1870 and Thanatus pictus L. Koch, 1881.

Full text

495
Noushig Zarikian
Bull. Iraq nat. Hist. Mus.
(2021) 16 (4): 495-508. https://doi.org/10.26842/binhm.7.2021.16.4.0495
A SURVEY OF RUNNING CRAB SPIDERS PHILODROMIDAE
(ARANEAE) OF ARMENIA
Noushig Zarikian
Scientific Center of Zoology and Hydroecology, National Academy of
Sciences of Armenia, Yerevan, Armenia E-mail: noushigz@hotmail.com
Received Date: 30 August 2021, Accepted Date: 05 October 2021, Published Date: 20 December 2021
ABSTRACT
Twelve species of philodromid crab or running crab spiders (Philodromidae) have been
recorded in Armenia. Nine species are new to the spider fauna of this country: Philodromus
cespitum (Walckenaer, 1802); Philodromus emarginatus (Schrank, 1803), Philodromus rufus
Walckenaer, 1826; Rhysodromus histrio (Latreille, 1819), Thanatus atratus Simon, 1875;
Thanatus formicinus (Clerck, 1757); Thanatus imbecillus L. Koch, 1878; Thanatus vulgaris
Simon, 1870 and Thanatus pictus L. Koch, 1881.
Key words: Araneae, Armenia Caucasus Checklist, First records, Philodromidae.
INTRODUCTION
Spider fauna of Armenia remains poorly studied with about 190 species recorded to date
(Otto, 2020). Koch (1878) and Kulczyński (1895) were the first authors who mentioned
spiders from Armenia. Since then, the araneofauna of Armenia was represented by a few
papers (Charitonov, 1936, 1956; Mcheidze, 1964, 1997; Ovtsharenko, 1982; Wesołowska,
1986; Eskov, 1987; Tanasevitch, 1987, 1990; Dunin, 1984, 1988, 1989, 1991, 1992; Marusik,
1989; Mikhailov, 1986, 1987, 1990, 1992, 2003, 2013, 2016; Ovtsharenko et al., 1994;
Mikhailov and Propistsova, 2017; Mikhailov et al., 2017; Mikhailov, 2021). Some important
papers adding new data for Armenia were published by D. Logunov and colleagues (Logunov,
1996, 1998, 1999, 2015; Rakov and Logunov, 1997; Logunov and Marusik, 1999; Logunov
and Guseinov, 2002, 2008) and the latest papers were contributed by the author (Zarikian,
2020; Zarikian and Kalashian, 2021)
Only eight species of Philodromidae have been recorded until this survey. Kulczyński was
the first who recorded a few Philodromid species (Kulczyński, 1895), although many other
arachnologists also contributed with studies on the Philodromidae of Armenia (e.g. Logunov
and Guseinov, 2008; Mikhailov, 2000, 2013). However, compared with neighboring countries
such as Turkey (38 species) (Danışman et al., 2019), Iran (27 species) (Torabi et al., 2019;
Zamani et al., 2019), Georgia (21 species) and Azerbaijan (30 species) (Otto, 2020), the lack

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A survey of running crab spiders
of information on Armenian spiders difficult the analysis of the geographical distribution of
many Caucasian species.
This work presents new faunistic records of Philodromidae spiders recently collected plus
additional records from the NAS RA Scientific center of hydroecology and Zoology institute
collections’ unpublished material. The recorded species will help to clarify the distribution of
nine newly reported species in Armenia.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The material considered in this work was collected from different provinces of Armenia
(Tab. 1, Map 1) by Vladimir Zacharian and Arthur Sukiasyan (past researchers NAS RA
scientific center of hydroecology and zoology Institute) during 1988-1991 and 2019-2020 by
N. Zarikian Spiders were collected under stones, above ground, and on plants by hand picking
and sweeping. The material was preserved in 70% ethanol and identified by the collectors
based on Logunov and Guseinov (2008), Muster (2009), and Nentwig et al. (2020); The
coordinates of occurrence sites are provided in Table (1).
In the list of species, the order of families and species follows Otto (2020), the general
geographical distribution is provided according to the World Spider Catalog (2020), and the
distribution throughout the Caucasus follows Otto (2020) and Nentwig et al. (2020). The data
on habitats are based on the field experience of the collectors and do not refer to precise
collection sites; however, they match the Armenian habitat at that time. The material is
deposited in the NAS RA Scientific Center of Hydroecology and Zoology institute collection
in Armenia. Photographs were taken using an MBC9 stereomicroscope and Samsung ES 95
Camera and prepared using Adobe Photoshope CC 2018 with hand-drawing additions.
Table (1): Collecting sites of specimens.
Site
No.
Site name
Coordinates
Altitude
(m.a.s.l.)
1
Ara ler (mount Ara)
40.40073°N, 44.46875°E
2200
2
Ejmiazin
40.16557°N, 44.29462°E
840
3
Geghadir
40.15466°N, 44.65141°E
1600
4
Gudemnis
38.93935°N, 46.177°E
1350
5
Hankavan
40.63611°N, 44.48749°E
1900
6
“Khosrov forest” State
Between 39.9700°N 44.8700°E
and
39.9900°N 44.9000°E
1300–1460
7
Lehvaz
38.9389°N, 46.22369°E
1009
8
Marmashen
40.83486°N, 43.7779°E
1600
9
Meghri
38.9058°N 46.2540°E
1193
10
Noravank
39.6861°N, 45.22931°E
1400
11
Shvanidzor
38.90832°N, 46.38348°E
730
12
Yerevan
40.18469°N, 44.49591°E
980

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Noushig Zarikian
Map (1): Collecting localities. 1. Ara ler (mount Ara), 2.Ejmiazin, 3.Geghadir, 4.Gudemnis,
5.Hankavan, 6.“Khosrov forest” State, 7.Lehvaz, 8.Marmashen, 9.Meghri,
10.Noravank, 11.Shvanidzor, 12.Yerevan. (from Worldometer
https://www.worldometers.info/maps/armenia-road-map)
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
A total of 32 specimens (30♀♀, 2 ♂♂) were collected encompassing 12 species and four
genera as follows:
(1) Family, Philodromidae
Genus, Philodromus Walckenaer, 1826
Philodromus aureolus (Clerck, 1757)
Material examined: (7 specimens); Gudemnis, 13.vii.1989, 1♀; Shvanidzor, 02.vi.1989, 3♀♀;
Yerevan, 09.vii.1988, 1♂; Hankavan, 14.vi.1990, 2♀♀.
Global distribution: Trans-Palaearctic and West Palaearctic Regions. In Armenia: unknown.
Distribution in Armenia: Dilijan, Tavush Province.
Habitat: Herb-rich places in woodlands.

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A survey of running crab spiders
Philodromus cespitum (Walckenaer, 1802)
Material examined: (2 specimens); Lehvaz, 15.vi.1988, 2♀♀.
Global distribution: Circum-Holarctic Region and part of China.
Distribution in Armenia: First record for Armenia.
Habitat: Grasslands and deciduous trees.
Epigyne description: The overall shape of the epigyne is wide and the rounded upper part is
offset against a wider middle and lower part. In the middle it is tongue-shaped and with
sclerotized edges. The chitin bridge is visible at the top, so the EP-epigyne plate look like a
cup (Pl. 1, A).
Philodromus emarginatus (Schrank, 1803)
Material examined: (2 specimens); Gudemnis, 13.vi.1989, 1♀; Yerevan, 23.vi.1991, 1♀.
Global distribution: Trans-Palaearctic Region.
Distribution in Armenia: First record for Armenia.
Habitat: Herb-rich places in steppe vegetation area and woodlands.
Epigyne description: The strongly sclerotized middle part is widened and sharped in anterior
here. The bridge-like chitin is hanging semi circularly (Pl.1-B).
Philodromus rufus Walckenaer, 1826
Material examined: (1 specimen); Meghri, 01.vi.1989, 1♀.
Global Distribution: Circum-Holarctic Region.
Distribution in Armenia: First record for Armenia.
Habitat: Forests and woodlands.
Epigyne description: The sclerotized middle part is curved and thin and in anterior part of the
epigyne viewed spiraled, while posteriorly has slant broad cleft shape (Pl.1-C).
Genus, Rhysodromus Schick, 1965
Rhysodromus histrio (Latreille, 1819)
Material examined (2 specimens): Shvanidzor, 27.iv.1998, 2♀♀.
Global Distribution: Holarctic Region.
Distribution in Armenia: First record for Armenia.
Habitat: Dry regions.
Epigyne description: The epigyne wide at the base and posteriorly, narrow anteriorly. The
anterior parts are closer, while the median part getting far to cohere to the base (Pl. 1-D).
Genus, Thanatus C.L. Koch, 1837
Thanatus atratus Simon, 1875
Material examined: (2 specimens); Ara Ler, 08.xi.2019, 2♀♀.
Global Distribution: Palearctic Region.
Distribution in Armenia: First record for Armenia.
Habitat: Semi-dry regions.
Epigyne description: The central part of the epigyne isn’t depressed, no bridges viewed and
the posterior parts look like clumps. No sclerotized part seems here (Pl.1-E).

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Thanatus formicinus (Clerck, 1757)
Material examined: (3 specimens); Geghadir, 30.x.2019, 3♀♀.
Global Distribution: Holarctic Region.
Distribution in Armenia: First record for Armenia.
Habitat: Dry and Semi-dry regions.
Epigyne description: The LP - lateral guide pocket is wide and sclerotized the anterior part is
round-ended (Pl.1-F).
Thanatus imbecillus L. Koch, 1878
Material examined: (4 specimens); Ejmiazin, 16.iv.1989, 1♀; Shvanidzor, 02.vi.1989, 1♀, 1♂;
Yerevan, 12.v.1989, 1♀.
Global Distribution: Bulgaria to Central Asia.
Distribution in Armenia: First record for Armenia.
Habitat: Dry and stony areas.
Pedipalp description: The tegular apophysis of the male palp is long and the tibial apophysis
leaf-like and splinted at the end (Pl.1-G).
Thanatus oblongiusculus (Lucas, 1846)
Material examined: (1 specimen); Geghadir, 10.xi.2019, 1♀.
Global Distribution: Europe to Central Asia.
Distribution in Armenia: Unknown, this species was recorded by Mikhailov (2013).
Habitat: Stems, bushes and trees, sometimes also on herbs.
Thanatus pictus L. Koch, 1881
Material examined: (3 specimens); Ara Ler, 08.xi.2019, 3♀♀.
Global Distribution: Palearctic.
Distribution in Armenia: First record for Armenia.
Habitat: Dry regions.
Epigyne description: The LP - lateral guide pocket is narrow, but clear enough here; in
anterior bents to form a corner (Pl.1-H).
Thanatus vulgaris Simon, 1870
Material examined: (2 specimens); Yerevan, 25.vi.1988, 2♀♀.
Global Distribution: Europe to Far East.
Distribution in Armenia: First record for Armenia.
Habitat: Dry regions.
Epigyne description: The epigyne of this species is similar to T. atratus, but the central part is
more depressed, the sclerotized middle part is obvious and the anterior part is narrow (Pl.1-I).
Genus, Tibellus Simon, 1875
Tibellus oblongus (Walckenaer, 1802)
Material examined: Noravank, 13.vi.2020, 1♀; Khosrov, 22.vi.1990, 1♀, 1♂; Marmashen,
01.xii.2019, 1♀.
Global Distribution: Holarctic Region.

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Distribution in Armenia: Unknown, this species was recorded by Mikhailov (2013).
Habitat: Grasslands.
As a result of this study, nine species of spiders were recorded in Armenia for the first time
(Plate 2), which morphometric measurements and characteristic features are not different
from the European or Caucasus recorded specimen. We provided a comprehensive checklist
of Philodromidae species, in which the currently known philodromid fauna of Armenia
consists of 17 species. This enhances the regional catalogue of the Caucasian spider fauna.
However, research on the arachnofauna of Armenia is still neglected. We hope this work will
facilitate further research on arachnology in Armenia and could represent a baseline of
biological data.
Checklist of Family Philodromidae in Armenia
Philodromus aureoles (Clerck, 1757)
Distribution in Armenia: Syunik, Kotayk, Yerevan and Tavush Provinces (Current study;
Kulczynski, 1895).
Philodromus cespitum (Walckenaer, 1802)*
Distribution in Armenia: Syunik Province (Current study).
Philodromus collinus C. L. Koch, 1835
Distribution in Armenia: Tavush Province (Kulczynski, 1895).
Philodromus dispar Walckenaer, 1826
Distribution in Armenia: Tavush Province (Kulczynski, 1895; Mikhailov, 2013).
Philodromus emarginatus (Schrank, 1803) *
Distribution in Armenia: Yerevan and Syunik Provinces (Current study).
Philodromus juvencus Kulczyński, 1895
Distribution in Armenia: Kotayk Province (Kulczynski, 1895).
Philodromus rufus Walckenaer, 1826*
Distribution in Armenia: Syunik Province (Current study).
Rhysodromus histrio (Latreille, 1819)*
Distribution in Armenia: Syunik Province (Current study).
Rhysodromus lepidus (Blackwall, 1870)
Distribution in Armenia: Unavailable, this species was recorded in Armenia by Otto (2020).
Rhysodromus rikhteri (Logunov & Huseynov, 2008)
Distribution in Armenia: Yerevan Province, this species listed in Armenia by Logunov and
Guseinov (2008).

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Thanatus atratus Simon, 1875*
Distribution in Armenia: Aragatsotn Province (Current study).
Thanatus formicinus (Clerck, 1757)*
Distribution in Armenia: Kotayk province (Current study).
Thanatus imbecillus L. Koch, 1878 *
Distribution in Armenia: Yerevan, Syunik and Armavir Provinces (Current study).
Thanatus oblongiusculus (Lucas, 1846)
Distribution in Armenia: Kotayk Province and Armenian upland (Current study; Mikhailov,
2013).
Thanatus pictus L. Koch, 1881*
Distribution in Armenia: Aragatsotn Province (Current study).
Thanatus vulgaris Simon, 1870*
Distribution in Armenia: Yerevan Province (Current study).
Tibellus oblongus (Walckenaer, 1802)
Distribution in Armenia: Unavailable.
Note: *First records in the fauna of Armenia are marked with an asterisk.

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(A) P. cespitum
(B) P. emarginatus
(C) P. rufus
(D) R. histrio
(E ) T. atratus
(F) T. formicinus
(G)T. imbecillus
(H) T. pictus
(I) T. vulgaris
Plate (1): Epigynes (or pediapalp) of the species that recorded in current study.

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Noushig Zarikian
(A) P. cespitum
(B) P. emarginatus
(C) P. rufus
(D) R. histrio
(E) T. atratus
(F) T. formicinus
(G) T. imbecillus
(H) T. pictus
(I) T. vulgaris
Plate (2): The general view of described species of Philodromidae
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We thank to Science Committee of Ministry of Education, Science, Culture and Sports of
Republic of Armenia for financial support to study Arachnids in Armenia.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATMENT
"The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare".

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A survey of running crab spiders
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Bull. Iraq nat. Hist. Mus.
(2021) 16 (4): 495-508.
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
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
          
Philodromidae
Philodromus cespitum
(Walckenaer, 1802)
Philodromus emarginatus
(Schrank, 1803)
Philodromus rufus
Walckenaer, 1826
Rhysodromus histrio
(Latreille, 1819)
Thanatus atratus
Simon, 1875
Thanatus formicinus
(Clerck, 1757)
Thanatus imbecillus
L. Koch, 1878
Thanatus vulgaris
Simon, 1870
Thanatus pictus
L. Koch, 1881.
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