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Messen die in der Fahreignungsdiagnostik genutzten Testverfahren die in der Fahrerlaubnis-Verordnung genannten Anforderungsbereiche?

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Abstract

In Deutschland legt das Straßenverkehrsgesetz fest, dass Kraftfahrer die körperlichen und geistigen Voraussetzungen zum Führen von Kraftfahrzeugen erfüllen müssen. Zur Erfassung der geistigen bzw. psychophysischen Leistungsfähig-keit werden in der Praxis verschiedene psychometrische Testverfahren herangezogen, die fünf in der Fahrerlaubnis-Verordnung festgeschriebenen Anforderungsbereiche messen sollen, wobei diese Anforderungsbereiche jedoch nicht auf einer empirischen Grundlage basieren. Für die vorliegende Studie absolvierten N = 300 Kraftfahrer eine Testbat-terie, die sich aus mehreren Tests aus drei in der Praxis gängigen Testsystemen zusammensetzte. Erwartet wurde, dass Tests, die die gleichen Anforderungsbereiche erfassen sollen, hoch miteinander korrelieren. Es zeigte sich jedoch, dass zwischen allen Tests hohe Interkorrelationen auftraten und zudem alle eingesetzten Tests entweder auf einem Faktor Bearbeitungszeit oder einem Faktor Fehler luden. Somit bildeten die Tests nicht die fünf Anforderungsbereiche, son-dern eine Zwei-Faktoren-Struktur aus Sorgfalt und Schnelligkeit ab. Die sich daraus ergebenden, potentiell weitrei-chende Implikationen für die Fahreignungsdiagnostik und insbesondere für die fünf Anforderungsbereiche werden diskutiert. Do tests used for the assessment of driving ability measure the dimensions as laid down in the driving license regulations? Traffic law in Germany establishes that all vehicle drivers need to possess the necessary physical and cognitive fitness to drive. To assess cognitive fitness, several different psychometric tests are in use. These tests are supposed to measure five dimensions that are laid down in the driving license regulations, though these dimensions lack an empirical foundation. For the present study, N = 300 drivers completed a set of tests taken from three different commonly used test systems. It was expected that only tests meant to measure the same dimensions would correlate highly, but results showed high intercorrelations between all tests. Furthermore, all tests loaded one of two factors-response time and accuracy. Thus, the tests showed a two-factor-structure rather than the expected five dimensions. The potentially far-reaching implications of these results for the assessment of driving ability and for the five dimensions laid down in the driving license regulations are discussed.

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