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Detecting Grassroots Bribery and Its Sources in China: A Survey Experimental Approach
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Drawing data from a national survey, this study relies on several embedded list experiments to examine the grassroots bribery that the survey respondents tried to hide due to social desirability. The findings from the list experiments are extracted to develop an innovative weighting technique to provide accurate estimations of bribery behavior. It finds that the level of grassroots bribery in public sectors is significantly higher than what people would admit; that the reasons for bribery can be traced to the country's public service distribution, the low risk of practicing bribery, and the rapid increase in disposable income. These findings suggest that grassroots bribery is still a serious issue in Chinese society, and it creates new challenges for effective governance during the country's anti-corruption campaign.
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Business-to-government (B2G) corruption is thought to be a common phenomenon in the Chinese construction sector, especially in public construction projects, inducing many accidents and losses. As a precursor to its reduction, or elimination, this paper examines the reasons for B2G corruption by identifying the causes and their relative influence in the tendering process. To do this, a total of 24 causes were first identified through literature review and through the results of semistructured interviews with nine top construction enterprise managers in China's construction market. An opinion questionnaire survey was used further to rank and analyze the causes. A factor analysis also was used to reveal six major underlying causal dimension of B2G corruption, comprising: (1) flawed regulation systems, (2) negative encouragement, (3) lack of professional ethics and codes of conduct, (4) illegitimate gains, (5) lack of competitive and equitable bidding practices and procedures, and (6) the influence of guanxi. Concluding remarks include the study's potential contribution to practice and regulations in the fight against corruption in the Chinese construction industry.
Previous literature mainly blames the party commission's leadership and the CDI's leading role in anticorruption for China's procuratorate's ineffective anticorruption work, which only reflects part of the picture. This article has analyzed the interactions between local procuratorates and other entities in anticorruption based upon findings from interviewing prosecutors, CDI officers, and suspects, and conducting content analysis of internal records and files, procedural and substantive rules regarding anticorruption and the work of the procuratorate. It argues that there exist balances between local procuratorates and other entities; and local procuratorates have strong institutional motives from the evaluation system, fundraising needs and legal loopholes to manipulate and transact the power in investigating and prosecuting corruption cases with little supervision, which contributes to the selective prosecution and light sentence in corruption.
See a more comprehensive summary and bibliographical list in Yan Sun and Baishun Yuan
See a more comprehensive summary and bibliographical list in Yan
Sun and Baishun Yuan, "Corruption in China," Oxford Bibliographies, February 9, 2021,
https://doi.org/10.1093/OBO/9780199756223-0201.
Corruption and Money Laundering: International Asset Recovery from Politically Exposed Persons in the UK
- Siobhan M Garside
Siobhan M. Garside, "Corruption and Money Laundering: International Asset Recovery from
Politically Exposed Persons in the UK, Nigeria, Russia and China" (Master of Arts, Norwegian
University of Life Sciences, 2016), http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2443256.