حقائق التعهيد الجماعي أثناء النزاعات نحو آلية لكشف الحقيقة وتفنيد الأخبار الكاذبة

Abstract

يمثّل بثُّ الشائعاتِ والفهمُ المغلوطُ لحقيقةِ
النزاعاتِ الدائرةِ حولَ العالمِ تهديدًا غيرَ مسبوقٍ على
تقديمِ المساعدات الإنسانيةِ للمتضررينَ، وعلى إيجاد
الحلول للنزاعات، وبناء عليه تناولت هذه الدراسة
الأساليب السابقةَ في استخدام ما يسمى ب «حكمة
الحشد » لاستقاءِ المعلوماتِ من مصادرِها الرئيسيَّ ةِ
أثناء الأزمات.
ونقدمُ في هذه الدراسة رؤيتَنا لمنصّةٍ جديدةٍ للتعهيدِ
الجماعيِّ بالاعتماد على رؤى «نظرية اللعبة، » بهدفِ زيادةِ
موثوقية وموضوعية المعلومات المصاحبة للنزاعات.
وبخلاف المنصّات الأخرى، تقدّم منصتُنا آليةً لتحفيزِ
شهودِ العِيانِ على قولِ الحقيقةِ بأكبر قدر من الدقة.
كما تتيح المنصّةُ إمكانية توثيق المعلوماتِ عن طريق
عملية مراجعة متعددةِ المراحلِ، واتصال المراسلِ
بوسائل الإعلام مباشرةً عبر تطبيقات متكاملة، فعند
تمكين وسائل الإعلام من الوصول إلى المعلومة الموثقة
من مصدرها الرئيسي، يتوقع للمنصة أن تكون مصدرًا
مهمًّ لوسائل الإعلام لاستقاء المعلومة بدلً من شرائها
من مصادر ثانوية، ونستطيعُ القول أيضًا إنّ منصةً بهذه
الميزاتِ، يُمكنُها إيقافُ بَثِّ الشائعاتِ حولَ النزاعات،
فتُسهمُ في بناء السلام وإيصالِ المساعداتِ الإنساني ة
إلى مستحقّيها.
الكلمات المفتاحية: التعهيد الجماعي، الصراعات
العنيفة، أخبار مضللة، الصحافة، نظرية اللعبة.

Full text

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6
20211443 ٥
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

7
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 
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
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

 
 

 
 




      

  
       
      
  

       
      

 

 
 

     
     


8
20211443 ٥
   

Usha� (
.)Swahilihidi

 
 


       
   
 
      
 
 



     
  
   
   
 

 
)(
CSOs(


     



)OSGeoLive 2009(

9


 
Crisis Tracker
 
 
 

 

Syria Tracker
Humanitarian Track� (
 
er
 
 
 

DHN   




  
  
 
  Syria Tracker  
.)(DHN


   
   
 


.Veri.ly(
 

  
    
 
 
 


    
  


  
     
 


    
 


 
 
 


 

     
 

 



 
 

  



 
 
      
  
 
 
 
 






















10
20211443 ٥
  



 
 
      







   

 
      

      












      
 )(     
 http://
veri.ly/
https://www.
digital
humani
tarians.com/
https://www.
humanitarian
tracker.org/
https://
crisis
tracker
.org/
https://
www.
ushahidi.
com/



 
 

 
   
    
) 


      


 

    
  

   
   
 

      
 



11
 
 

      
      
       

     
  
 

 
 

 

- 

     
 
 
 

 

 
 
–
   
  
 
 

 

      
 

      

       

 

   
 
      
    
  
 



 

  
 

      
  

      

     
  


      
  
     
  
      
 


 
 

      

      
    
  
 




       


      
       

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

12
20211443 ٥
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      
     
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  
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





13
 
 



    
    

 



 

 )
 
 

 
 
 

 


 
 


 
 
 

 

 
   )
 
 

 

 


 
 
 
 







      
       





«أ» ﻞﺳاﺮﻤـﻟا
ﺮﻳﺮﻘﺘﻟا ﻞﻘﻨﻳ
ﺔﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌا لﺎﺧدإ .1
ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻣ  
 ثدﺎﺣ عﻮﻗو ﺪﻨﻋ
«أ»ﻞﺳاﺮﻤـﻟا مﻮﻘﻳ ،وﻷا عاﺮﺼﻟا
ﺮﻳﺮﻘﺘﻟا ﻊﻓﺮﻳ و ﺎﻴﻓاﺮﻐ 
ﺣ ﻖﻴﺛﻮﺘﻟﺎﺑ
.ﻖﻴﺒﻄﺘﻟا ﻋ  
وﻻا
ﻖﻘﺤﺘﻳ «ب» ﻞﺳاﺮﻤـﻟا
ﺔﻴﻤﻜﻟا تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌا ﻦﻣ
ﺔﻧرﺎﻘﳌﺎﺑ ﻖﻘﺤﺘﻟا .2
«ب» ﻞﺳاﺮﻤـﻟا ﻖﻴﺒﻄﺘﻟا رﺎﺘﺨﻳ
ﻦﻣ ﺪﻛﺎﺘﻠﻟ ﺔﻘﻄﻨﳌا ﺲﻔﻧ ﻦﻣ
،ﻢﻜﻟا ﺚﻴﺣ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌا
ﺶﻣﺎﻫ ﻦ 
 تﺎﻴﻓﻮﻟا دﺪﻌﻛ
%10 ﺎﻘﺒﺴﻣ دﺪﺤﻣ ﺄﻄﺧ
لﺎﺜﳌا ﻞﻴﺒﺳ ﻋ
«
ح» ﻞﺳاﺮﻤـﻟا
ﺮـﺒا ةدﻮ 
ﺣ ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺘﻳ
ﺰـﻴﺤﺘﻟا ﺔﻟازإ .3
(ﺔﺿرﺎﻌﳌا) ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺜﻟا عاﺮﺼﻟا ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻦﻣ « 
ح» ﻞﺳاﺮﻤـﻟا ﻖﻴﺒﻄﺘﻟا رﺎﺘﺨﻳ
ﺔﻓﺎﺿإ ﻞﺳاﺮﻤﻠﻟ ﻦﻜﻤﻳ و ، ً
ﻼﺜﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﺤﺘﻣ وأ ﻪ 
ﺣﻮﻣ :ﺮـﺒا ﺔﻴﻋﻮﻧ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻛﺄﺘﻠﻟ
ءﺰ 
ﺤﻛ ﻊﻗﻮﳌا  
 ﺎﻫروﺪﺑ ﻆﻔﺤﺗ ،ﺮـﺒا ﺔﻴﻋﻮﻧ ﻋ تﺎﺤﻴﺿﻮﺗ و تﺎﺣوﺮﺷ
.ﺮـﺒا ﻞ 
ﺤﺳ ﻦﻣ
ﻖﻳﻮﺴﺘﻟا ﺔﻠﺣﺮﻣ .4
تﺎﺣوﺮﺸﻟا ﻞ ﻊﻣ ﺰﻫﺎ 
ﺣ ﻖﺛﻮﻤـﻟا ﺮﻳﺮﻘﺘﻟا
.ﻖﻳﻮﺴﺘﻠﻟ ﻊﻗﻮﻤـﻟا ﻋ تﺎﻘﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟا و
ﻖﺛﻮﻣ ﺮﻳﺮﻘﺗ
مﻼﻋﻻا ﻞ ﺎﺳﻮﻟ
وﻷا عاﺮﺼﻟا ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻣ
ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺜﻟا عاﺮﺼﻟا ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻣ

14
20211443 ٥

 



 
 

  
      
 

 
 


     

 







   

RSP
       
 




 





 
 
 
  

    
  


       
       


 

تﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟا لﺎﺧدإ
ﻖﻴﻗﺪﺘﻟا
ﺰـ ُّ ﺤﺘﻟا ﺔﻟازإ
ﻖﻳﻮﺴﺘﻟا
1
2
3
4
«أ» ﻞﺳاﺮﻤـﻟا
1 ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻤـﻟا
ﺎًّ ﻓاﺮﻐ 
ﺣ ﺔﻘﺛﻮﻣ
100% ﻪﻟ ﻊﻓﺪﻳ
 
ﺎﻴﻘﻟا ﺮﻳﺮﻘﺘﻟا ﺔﻤـﻴﻗ ﻦﻣ
«ب» ﻞﺳاﺮﻤـﻟا
1 ﺔﻘﻄﻨﳌا
ﺎًّ ﻓاﺮﻐ 
ﺣ ﺔﻘﺛﻮﻣ
5% ﻪﻟ ﻊﻓﺪ ُ

ﺎﻴﻘﻟا ﺮﻳﺮﻘﺘﻟا ﺔﻗ ﻦﻣ
«
ح» ﻞﺳاﺮﻤـﻟا
ﺔﻘﺛﻮﻣ 2 ﺔﻘﻄﻨﳌا
ﺎًّ ﻓاﺮﻐ 
ﺣ
10% ﻪﻟ ﻊﻓﺪ ُ

ﺎﻴﻘﻟا ﺮﻳﺮﻘﺘﻟا ﺔﻗ ﻦﻣ
مﻼﻋﻹا ﻞ ﺎﺳوﺮﺸﻨﻟا و ءاﺮﺸﻟا
115% ﻊﻓﺪﻳ

ﺎﻴﻘﻟا ﺮﻳﺮﻘﺘﻟا ﺔﻣ ﻦﻣ
ﺔﻠﺣﺮﻤـﻟامﺪﺨﺘﺴﻤـﻟا
ءاﺮ ٜ
ﺣﻹاﻊﻓﺪﻟا ﺔﻄﺧ
ﻖﻠﻌﻳ و حﺮﺸﻳ
ﺾﻓﺮﻳ وأ ﻞﺒﻘﻳ

وﻷا ﺮـﺒا
ةدﺎﻤـﻟا مﺪﻘﻳ
ﺮـﺒﺨﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻟوﻷا

15
 

     
  
 


 

 


 
 

 
 


   
 


 
 
 
(

 

تﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟا لﺎﺧدإ
ﻖﻴﻗﺪﺘﻟا
ﺰـ ُّ ﺤﺘﻟا ﺔﻟازإ
ﻖﻳﻮﺴﺘﻟا
1
2
3
4
«أ» ﻞﺳاﺮﻤـﻟا
1 ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻤـﻟا
ﺎًّ ﻓاﺮﻐ 
ﺣ ﺔﻘﺛﻮﻣ
:ﻋ ﻞﺼﺤﻳ
(100% -4% * R - 1% * C ) * RSP
«ب» ﻞﺳاﺮﻤـﻟا
1 ﺔﻘﻄﻨﳌا
ﺎًّ ﻓاﺮﻐ 
ﺣ ﺔﻘﺛﻮﻣ
:ﻋ ﻞﺼﺤﻳ
(5% + 2% * R) * RSP
«
ح» ﻞﺳاﺮﻤـﻟا
ﺔﻘﺛﻮﻣ 2 ﺔﻘﻄﻨﳌا
ﺎًّ ﻓاﺮﻐ 
ﺣ
:ﻋ ﻞﺼﺤﻳ
(10% + 0.5% * C) * RSP
مﻼﻋﻹا ﻞ ﺎﺳو
-
:ﻋ ﻞﺼﺤﻳ
(115% - 2% * R - 0.5% * C) * RSP
ﺔﻠﺣﺮﻤـﻟامﺪﺨﺘﺴﻤـﻟا
تاﺮـﻴﻐﺘﻣﻊﻓﺪﻟا تاءاﺮ ٜ
ﺣا
"
ح" ﺢﻴﺿﻮﺘﻟا و حﺮﺸﻟا
ﺔﻴﻤﻛ ﺐﺴﺤﺑ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﻳ
تﺎﺣوﺮﺸﻟا
0 و 1 لﺪﻌﺗ "ر" ةﺎﻓﺎﻜﳌا
ﺾﻓﺮﻟا ﺔﻟﺎﺣ  

ﺮﻳﺮﻘﺘﻟا ﺔ ﻗ
RSP  
ﺎﻴﻘﻟا

  



 

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
 

  
 


 

 


  

 




R=0

 




16
20211443 ٥
 



C=1

 






 
 


 


      
  
 
   
   


 


  
  
     
 



 

     
  
 

      
    
  
  

      
      


  •

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 •
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USD 100= USD99
«ب» ﻞﺳاﺮﻤـﻟا
ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻣ
1 عاﺮﺼﻟا
:ﻋ ﻞﺼﺤﻳ
(5% + 2% * 0) * USD100 =
USD5
«
ح» ﻞﺳاﺮﻤـﻟا
ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻣ
2 عاﺮﺼﻟا
:ﻋ ﻞﺼﺤﻳ
(10% + 0.5% * 1) * USD100 =
USD 10.5
مﻼﻋﻹا ﻞ ﺎﺳو
قﺪﺼﳌا ﺮﻳﺮﻘﺘﻟا ي 
ﺸﺗ
هﺮﺸﻨﺗ و ﻪﻌ 
ﺣاﺮﺗ ﻢﺛ ﻦﻣ و
:ﻋ ﻞﺼﺤﻳ
(115% - 2% * 0 - 0.5% * 1) * USD 100 =
USD 114.5
ﺔﻠﺣﺮﻤـﻟامﺪﺨﺘﺴﻤـﻟا
تﻼﺧﺪﻤـﻟاتﺎﻋﻮﻓﺪﻤـﻟا
ا ﺼﻗ ﺎﺣﺮﺷ ﻒﻴﻀﻳ
عﻮﻗو تﺎﻴﺜﻴﺣ حﺮﺸﻳ
C=1 1 ﻢﻗر ﻴﻐﺗ :ثدﺎا
ﺦﻳرﺎﺘﻟا تﺎﻴﻄﻌﻣ ﺪﻴﻛﺎﺗ ﻪﻨﻜﻤﻳ
ﺮﻳﺮﻘﺘﻟا ﺪﻌﻳو ﺘﻘﻟا دﺪﻋ و
(R=0) ءﺎﻄﺧا نوﺪﺑ
مﻮﻋﺰﻣ مﻮ 
ﺤﻫ ﻦﻋ ﺮﻳﺮﻘﺗ ﻊﻓﺮﻳ
هﺎﻳﺎﺤﺿ 2021/8/13 ﺦﻳرﺎﺘﺑ
نﺎﺴﻧا 15

17
      •

 
 
 •

     



 
    
  
  
   
  



  
     





 

       
 
 



       

 





)eBay   
    Amazon 
 


   Veri.ly    
 
  
 

 

 

 

       
 
      

 

 



 
       


      
 
 






 


18
20211443 ٥

 
 



  




       

       

 

 






Block� (
chain



    
   

 
 

 
  


 
 
 




     
  






      
  

  
      






 
 

 








     
      
    



19

 





  

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 
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 
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   
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   
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    
   
   
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   
 
  
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   
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      
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    
    
    


20
20211443 ٥
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 

 

//Veri.ly 

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