Study on the influence of stimulants on the rooting of the paulownia (paulownia) and tulip (liriodendron tulipifera) trees during the propagation by cuttings

Abstract

This article describes the effect of a growth stimulant on the rooting of Paulownia and tulip tree saplings in the conditions of the Tashkent region. In addition, the article discusses the method of propagation of sapling from lignified and annual green cuttings, the influence of the preparation of the substrate 3: 3: 1 from sand, klinec (crushed stone), vermicompost on the development of saplings. In this case, the usual water (control), root SP, basfoliar Kel-SL and heteroauxin stimulants were used.

Full text

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
PAPER • OPEN ACCESS
Study on the influence of stimulants on the rooting
of the paulownia (
paulownia
) and tulip
(
liriodendron tulipifera
) trees during the
propagation by cuttings
To cite this article: J Temirov et al 2021 IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 939 012059
View the article online for updates and enhancements.
You may also like
Study of Ficus in West Block Batang Toru
Forest Region, North Tapanuli District,
Indonesia
N Pasaribu, T A Aththorick and E Siswiyati
-
Effect of Organic Amendments on the
Growth of Gaharu (Aquilaria malaccensis)
A S Mohamad Amir Hamzah, M F Abdul
Karim, H L Wong et al.
-
Tree Species Diversity in Momiwaren
Forest Reserve in Indonesia
Rima H Hasibuan, Rusdi Angrianto,
Adrianus A Rambu et al.
-
This content was downloaded from IP address 188.95.159.177 on 07/12/2021 at 07:19

Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution
of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.
Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd
ICECAE 2021
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 939 (2021) 012059
IOP Publishing
doi:10.1088/1755-1315/939/1/012059
1
Study on the influence of stimulants on the rooting of the
paulownia (paulownia) and tulip (liriodendron tulipifera) trees
during the propagation by cuttings
J Temirov1, G Shukurova1*, and I Klichov2
1Research Institute of Forestry, 111104 Tashkent, Uzbekistan
*Email: shgozal1994@mail.ru
Abstract. This article describes the effect of a growth stimulant on the rooting of Paulownia
and tulip tree saplings in the conditions of the Tashkent region. In addition, the article
discusses the method of propagation of sapling from lignified and annual green cuttings, the
influence of the preparation of the substrate 3: 3: 1 from sand, klinec (crushed stone),
vermicompost on the development of saplings. In this case, the usual water (control), root SP,
basfoliar Kel-SL and heteroauxin stimulants were used.
1. Introduction
Paulownia (lat. Paulownia) - a genus of plants belongs to the Paulowniaceae family [1]. The countries
of Southeast Asia are considered as a homeland of these plants. The plant was named after German
botanists Philip Siebold and Joseph Zuccarini in honor of Anna Paul, daughter of the Russian emperor
Paul-1. Some botanists have long included this species in the Bignonium family. A number of experts
considered paulownia to be a member of the Scrophulariaceae family [2, 3, 4]. Depending on the soil
and climatic conditions of the region, the height of paulownia reaches 15-20 m, sometimes up to 25 m
and in diameter from 0.6 m to 1 m [5]. The stems are wide, spherical or ovoid, the leaves are very
large, up to 20-30 cm, in size up to 50 cm, leaves are broad-heart-shaped. The leaves bloom in May
and are thrown off with the onset of the first frost. In Russia, paulownia first appeared in the spring of
1846, and in the Crimea, it was propagated on moist and fertile soils on the territory of the Nikitsky
Botanical Garden [6].
Tulip tree – Liriodendron tulipifera L. - genus of tree from the Liriodendron family - Liriodendron L. -
Magnoliaceae family [7, 8]. The name of the category is translated as "lyre" and it can grow in natural
conditions individually or in groups. This is a large tree that can live for 400-500 years. There are two
types of these trees in nature. The first tulip tree (L. tulipifera) is widespread in the eastern United
States, and the second Chinese tulip tree (L. chinense) is widespread in China and also exist hybrids of
these species: L. tulipifera × L. chinense. The tulip tree was introduced to Russia in 1870 and
propagated in the Nopetin Botanical Garden. According to some reports, the plant was earlier brought
to the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus [9]. Most of the Liriodendron tulipifera L. trees in the world are
still grown from seed [10, 11]. On sown areas, seed germination is 20-30%. Although healthy seeds
grow well, they are usually pre-prepared and sorted. The seed preparation time lasts from 1 to 3 years.

ICECAE 2021
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 939 (2021) 012059
IOP Publishing
doi:10.1088/1755-1315/939/1/012059
2
2. Methods
Saplings of paulownia and tulip tree were taken as the object of this research. The studies used the
generally accepted methods of B.A Dospekhov, biometric measurements and analyzes (Borisova,
Ponomarev, Zaitsev, Yarosh, Terekhin, etc.) [12]. Phenological observations were carried out
according to the method of Beideman [12]. Observations of the planted saplings were carried out at
the initial periods of the main phases of plant development. Observations of the planted paulownia and
tulip tree saplings were carried out in the greenhouse of the Research Institute of Forestry on the
territory of the Darkhan Scientific Experimental Farm. The study of the effect of various stimulants -
root SP, Basfoliar Kelp SL, Heteroauxin on the rooting of paulownia and tulip trees was carried out in
10 variants out of 3. The cuttings measuring 20 cm were made for each option
3. Results and Discussions
Currently, scientific and technological progress has been advanced in a way that it is possible to grow
planting material not only from seeds, but also in a vegetative way.
Table 1. The influence of stimulants on the rooting of paulownia seedlings propagated by cuttings.
Growing planting material with paulownia cuttings
Name of
solution
Solution rate, per 1
liter of water
Amount of rooting
cuttings, among 50 pcs
Rooting percentage, %
root length, cm
At the end of vegetation
height,
cm
P%
T%
Diameter
of root
collar ,
mm
P%
T%
Water
(control)
-
12
24
13.5±
14.2±1.23
8.6
11.5
4.6±0.18
3.9
25.5
Kornevin
SP
0.5 g
26
53
17.2±
37.2±1.23
3.3
30.2
5.8±0.16
2.7
36.2
1 g
38
76
21.3±
42.5±2.34
5.5
18.1
6.6±0.15
2.2
44
1.25g
34
69
23.5±
43.2±2.28
5.2
18.9
6.7±0.14
2
47.8
Basfoliar
Kelp SL
50 ml
44
88
29.2±
56.6±2.26
3.9
25
11.0±0.17
1.5
64.7
75 ml
41
83
30.7±
58.3±2.14
3.7
27.2
10.2±0.14
1.3
72.8
100 ml
34
69
23.3±
41.6±2.26
5.4
18.4
6.10±0.13
2.1
46.9
Heteroauxin
0.015 g
18
36
16.3±
18.6±1.34
7.2
13.8
5.7±0.21
3.8
27.1
0.02 g
20
41
18.5±
20.8±1.47
7
14.1
6.7±0.24
3.6
27.9
0.025
17
35
18.2±
18.3±1.32
7.2
13.8
5.5±0.18
3.4
30.5
For this, seedlings are widely grown not only by the seed method, but also the lignified and non-
woody green cuttings are also used often. Generally, the rooting process for green cuttings prepared
during the growing season is considered to be more efficient than for annual woody cuttings. To
increase this efficiency, it is important to determine the size of the green cuttings, as well as the factors
affecting their rooting process. The effect of various doses of solutions of stimulants activating rooting
cuttings, which are widely used in planting practice, on the process of rooting cuttings, was studied.
Cuttings were planted in a 3: 3: 1 substrate of sand, klinec (crushed stone), vermicompost in a
greenhouse irrigated with fog. The rooting process began in the planted cuttings after 10-15 days.
Nowadays, the only problem with the reproduction of paulownia saplings is the impossibility to obtain
a large number of green cuttings as long as paulownia trees are still rare in the country. According to
the data shown in Table 1, the types of stimulant-growers influenced on paulownia cuttings to varying
degrees. While the lowest rooting rate was 24% in the regular water variant, and the average was 88%
in the Basfoliar Kelp SL stimulator (50 ml) with an average root length of 30.7 cm, the annual growth
was 58.3 cm. In the variant of using the Kornevin SP stimulator (1g), the rhizome level was 76%, the

ICECAE 2021
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 939 (2021) 012059
IOP Publishing
doi:10.1088/1755-1315/939/1/012059
3
root length was 21 cm on average, the annual growth was 42 cm, and the root collar diameter was 6.6
mm. In the variant with the use of the heteroauxin stimulator, the indices were slightly higher than in
the control variant.
In these experiments, a high probability of growing Paulownia tree saplings was revealed in the
republic.
Table 2. Effect of stimulants on rooting of tulip tree seedlings propagated by cuttings
The tulip tree was made 20 cm long from branches with a diameter of 1 cm per year before the sap
movement in early spring. Using rooting stimulants brought a good effect [13]. For this purpose,
studies have been carried out on the effect of stimulants on the level of their rooting. In this case, the
usual water (control), root SP, basfoliar Kel-SL and heteroauxin stimulants were used. In a foggy-
irrigated greenhouse, sand, klenec, vermicompost are planted on a 3: 3: 1 substrate according to a
15x15 cm scheme. The sowing depth is 13 cm, 7 cm remained on the soil surface (that is, a third,
leaving one or two blades). Rooting processes began on the planted cuttings within 15-20 days.
According to Table 1.2, the rooting of the tulip tree was influenced by various stimulants. At the same
time, the lowest indicator in the usual version of the water processing was 0%. The highest rate was
12% in Basfoliar Kelp SL stimulator (75 ml). Kornevin demonstrated that in the variants of using SP
and heteroauxin stimulants, the level of rooting was 8% and 6%, respectively, which is 3–3.5 times
higher than in the control. The development of the root ensures high vitality during their further
transplantation to the nursing department. For this purpose, the effect of stimulants on the length of the
root was studied. According to this, the root length was 0 cm in the control variant, 11.5 cm in the
Kornevin SP variant, 19.1 cm in the Basfoliar Kelp SL variant, and 12.1 cm in the heteroauxin variant.
At the end of the growing season, the growth rates of cuttings on the surface were also higher in the
variants of using stimulants. That is, the good development of the root system had a positive effect on
its growth rates. The lowest growth rate of seedlings in the control type (plain water) increased by 0
cm, and the maximum growth was 19.1 with Basfoliar Kelp SL. The diameter of the root collar was
also 17 mm on Kornevinskaya SP, 18 mm on Basfoliar Kelp SL, and 17 mm on the model with the use
of heteroauxin.
Sowing depth 13 cm, 7 cm remained on the soil surface (that is, a third, leaving one or two blades). On
the planted ticks, inflammatory processes began within 15-20 days.
According to Table 1.2, the rooting of the tulip tree was influenced by various stimulants.
Development of rooting of cuttings provides high vitality when they are further transplanted to the
Name of
solution
Solution rate, per 1
liter of water
Amount of rooting
cuttings, among 150
pcs
Rooting percentage,
%
Root length, cm
At the end of vegetation
height,
cm
P%
T%
Diameter
of root
collar ,
mm
P%
T%
water
(control)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Kornevin
SP
1 g
12
8
11.5
15.4±0.75
4.8
20.5
17±0.34
2
50
1.25 g
9
6
9.2
13.4±0.55
4.1
24.3
15±0.23
1.5
65.2
1.5 g
5
3
10.5
14.2±0.64
4.5
22.1
16±0.32
2
50
Basfoliar
Kelp SL
50 ml
8
5
13.7
17.1±0.23
1.3
74.3
18±0.65
3.6
27.6
75 ml
18
12
15.7
19.1±0.34
1.8
56.1
16±0.56
3.5
28.5
100 ml
11
7
14.4
17.4±0.55
3.2
31.6
15±0.67
4.5
22.4
Heteroauxin
0.02 g
9
6
12.1
16.5±0.66
4
25
17±0.58
3.4
34
0.025 g
7
4
10.6
15.5±0.57
3.7
27.2
16±0.35
2.2
53.3
0.03 g
3
2
11.3
14.5±0.34
2.3
42.6
16±0.56
3.5
28.6

ICECAE 2021
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 939 (2021) 012059
IOP Publishing
doi:10.1088/1755-1315/939/1/012059
4
nursing department. To this end, the effect of stimulants on root length was studied. The results of the
study showed that the effect of stimulants on the tulip tree was ineffective.
4. Conclusions
According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that the lowest rooting rate of cuttings,
according to the effect of various stimulants on the rooting of Pavlovna cuttings, was 24% in the usual
water variant, and the maximum rate was 88% in the Basfoliar Kelp SL stimulator (50 ml) with an
average root length of 30.7 cm. The annual growth was 58.3 cm in the variant with the use of the
heteroauxin stimulator, the indicators were slightly higher than the control variant. The use of the
Basfoliar Kelp SL stimulator (50 ml) was highly effective when growing paulownia saplings from
cuttings. Growth stimulants had different effects on the rooting of cuttings of the tulip tree. The lowest
rate was 0% for ordinary water. The highest rate was 12% in Basfoliar Kelp SL (75 ml). Thus, the
effect of rooting stimulants used in the experiment on rooting of cuttings of the tulip tree appeared to
be ineffective.
References
[1] Liu R, Dong Y, Fan G, Zhao Z, Deng M, Cao X, et al. 2013 Discovery of Genes Related to
Witches Broom Disease in Paulownia tomentosa × Paulownia fortunei by a De Novo Assembled
Transcriptome PLoS ONE 8(11) e80238.
[2] Schneiderová K, Šmejkal K 2015 Phytochemical profile of Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb).
Steud. Phytochem Rev 14 799–833.
[3] Erbar C, Müller CG 2011 Ontogeny of the flowers in Paulownia tomentosa – A contribution to
the recognition of the resurrected monogeneric family Paulowniaceae Flora – Morphology,
Distribution, Functional, Ecology of Plants 206 205 – 2018.
[4] Olmstead R, Reeves P 1995 Evidence for the Polyphyly of the Scrophulariaceae Based on
Chloroplast rbcL and ndhF Sequences Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 82(2) 176-193.
[5] Pirro ICKA, Robert DAMO, Engjëllushe ICKA 2016 Paulownia Tomentosa, a Fast Growing
Timber Annals ”Valahia” University of Targoviste - Agriculture 10(1) 1-6.
[6] Ivchenko SI 1973 A book about trees, Timber industry, Moscow, pp. 142-144.
[7] Quassinti L, Maggi F, Ortolani F et al. 2019 Exploring new applications of tulip tree
(Liriodendron tulipifera L.): leaf essential oil as apoptotic agent for human glioblastoma Environ
Sci Pollut Res 26 30485–30497.
[8] Park J, Kim Y, Kwon M 2019 The complete mitochondrial genome of tulip tree, Liriodendron
tulipifera L. (Magnoliaceae): intra-species variations on mitochondrial genome, Mitochondrial
DNA Part B 4(1) 1308-1309.
[9] Gromadin AV, Matyukhin DL 2009 Dendrology: textbook for students to, Russian Academy,
Moscow pp. 275-277.
[10] Kota NL, Landenberger RE, McGraw JB 2007 Germination and early growth of Ailanthus and
tulip poplar in three levels of forest disturbance Biol Invasions 9 197–211.
[11] Rebbeck J, Scherzer AJ, Loats KV 2004 Foliar physiology of yellow-poplar (Liriodendron
tulipifera L.) exposed to O3 and elevated CO2 over five seasons Trees 18 253–263.
[12] Beideman IN 1974 Methods for studying the phenology of plants and plant communities,
Methodical instructions, Science, Novosibirsk.
[13] Kosenko LV, Mandrovskaia NM, Krugova ED, Varbanets LD 2003 The effect of the plant
growth stimulant bactozole on Rhizobium leguminosarum bv viciae 250a and its nitrogen-tolerant
mutant M-71 under varied nitrogen supply Mikrobiologiia 72(1) 40-7.