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Business Trust and Communication as Predictors of Business Growth

December 2021
WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS 18:1512-1522

DOI:10.37394/23207.2021.18.138

Authors:

University of Western Macedonia

Increased globalization and competition in most industries has greatly changed the execution of different duties and responsibilities most especially the flow of communication in businesses. This has further affected the level of trust in most businesses most especially among the employees and between the business and customers. The main objective of the study was to investigate the effect if business communication and business trust on business growth. Data was collected using an online survey questionnaire from 100 employees of Intrasoft International in Greece. Data collected was analyzed using SPSS and Pearson's rank correlation coefficient was based on to establish the relationship between variables. The level top which the independent variables predict the dependent variables was established using regression analysis. The study established a positive relationship between business communication and business. A significant and positive relationship was also confirmed between business trust and business growth.

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Business Trust and Communication as Predictors of Business Growth

STAVROS KALOGIANNIDIS

Department of Business Administration,

University of Western Macedonia,

GREECE

ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2337-5775

Abstract: Increased globalization and competition in most industries has greatly changed the execution of different

duties and responsibilities most especially the flow of communication in businesses. This has further affected the

level of trust in most businesses most especially among the employees and between the business and customers.

The main objective of the study was to investigate the effect if business communication and business trust on

business growth. Data was collected using an online survey questionnaire from 100 employees of Intrasoft

International in Greece. Data collected was analyzed using SPSS and Pearson’s rank correlation coefficient was

based on to establish the relationship between variables. The level top which the independent variables predict the

dependent variables was established using regression analysis. The study established a positive relationship

between business communication and business. A significant and positive relationship was also confirmed between

business trust and business growth.

Key-words: - Business communication, Business Trust, Business Growth

Received: March 15, 2021. Revised: November 8, 2021. Accepted: November 18, 2021. Published: December 2, 2021.

1 Background to the Study

Business communication can be defined as a process

where both employers and employees of a business

organization share information not only among

themselves but also outside the business environment

(Kalogiannidis, 2020). Communication is a critical

aspect in business as important information

pertaining the business organization is passed from

the employers to the employees.it is through

communication that managers assign tasks to the

employees. It is also through communication that the

employees channel their complaints to the

management. Customers can also know any changes

within the business through communication.

Therefore, effective communication is an important

factor as far as business growth is

concerned(Kalogiannidis & Papaevangelou, 2020).

Many businesses have failed to achieve the set goals

and objectives simply because of these two

aspects(Godlovitch et al., 2013). There are no proper

measures put in place in order to enhance effective

communication both within and without the business.

Furthermore, trust issues have also recently emerged

hence posing greater risks to business owners. Yung

(2018) indicates that effective communication

ensures that information is passed from one party to

the other as within the shortest time possible.

Kalogiannidis (2020) indicates that lack of effective

communication can lead to business failure. For

instance, it is through communication that the

manager tasks the employees. If there is no effective

communication, employees might not complete the

required tasks in due time. This may lead to loss of

customers who shall be kept waiting for services

being offered by the business(Zeffane et al., 2011).

The business also needs effective communication

with its customers. This is because customers are the

sole providers for any business hence should be

promptly informed on any changes pertaining terms

of services of the business or any other customer

related issue(Takemura & Sulimowska-formowicz,

2019). This helps to increase trust and loyalty

towards the services offered by the company thereby

lading to business growth(Mohd, 2012).

1.1 Problem Statement

Increased globalization and competition in most

industries has greatly changed the execution of

different duties and responsibilities. Most businesses

are failing to achieve higher productivity or

profitability due to the challenges caused by

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globalization (Kalogiannidis & Papaevangelou,

2020). For example the channels of communication

used in businesses have greatly changed in the

modern world and this has consequently affected the

level of trust earned from customers and between

employees and their employers (Takemura &

Sulimowska-formowicz, 2019). The main objective

of any business is to earn income which is the profit

by providing goods and services to customers who

receive them in exchange of money. Profit can only

be realized if the trustee is loyal to the beneficiaries.

For instance, in a scenario where the trustee is not

loyal, issues relating to fraud and theft will emerge. If

such happens then the business owners is bound to

suffer loses and thus the business may fail(Yung,

2018). There is study limited research on the

combined effect of business trust and communication

on the growth of businesses. Therefore, this study

sought to investigate the effect of business

communication and business trust on business

growth.

Objectives of the study

I. To explore the relationship between effective

business communication and business

growth.

II. To establish the relationship between

business trust and business growth.

Research hypotheses

I. There is a significant relationship between

effective business communication and

business growth.

II. There is a significant relationship between

business trust and business growth.

1.2 Significance

This study contributes to the existing theoretical and

empirical knowledge concerning the general effect of

business trust and business communication on the

growth of business.

2 Literature Review

This section reviews the theoretical and empirical

perspectives of the study

2.1 Theoretical Review

Most communication scholars have continued to

communicate and, as a result, incorporate business

communication at various levels of study, ranging

from micro to macro organizational levels (Mouzas

et al., 2007; Prochaska & Velicer, 1997). The social

cognitive theory of Albert Bandura (1999) and the

transtheoretical model of Prochaska & Velicer (1997)

argue that an individual's general behavior is often

shaped by the viewpoints of the larger society and

social environment. As a consequence, initiatives

aimed at maintaining efficient communication in the

workplace should always involve any measures that

affect positive improvements in the broader

organizational environment.

Similarly, most persuasion research has centered on

how individual-level contact affects a person's

overall actions. Most researchers have attempted to

explain why most organizations continue to change,

particularly as they are currently developed and

transformed by various interactions among various

groups and systems(Godlovitch et al., 2013; Waylen,

2017). In most cases, the most critical experiences

that contribute to meaningful organizational change

take place among members of the organization.

The majority of the early research focused on

employee behavior changes as a result of inadequate

communication in the workplace. Most of these

studies showed that a number of factors influenced

behavioral change, including the reliability of the

evidence or knowledge source, anxiety, the essence

of claims, and personality differences, among

others(Kalogiannidis & Papaevangelou, 2020;

Prochaska & Velicer, 1997). Most business studies

have stressed cognitive analysis of data or knowledge

that contributes to persuasion since the 1960s(Yung,

2018). Recent studies, on the other hand, have

revealed that business trust and controlled

communication is a critical and strategic tool for

businesses to achieve their desired profitability and

performance development (Mohd Yusuf, 2012;

Takemura & Sulimowska-formowicz, 2019).

2.2 Empirical Review

2.2.1 Effective Communication in a Business

Organization

Effective communication can be achieved by

avoiding use of expensive methods of

communication such as email (Sinha, 2012). This is

because information can only be accessed when one

has a proper internet connection which is not

affordable to everyone. Therefore, information

should be passed orally when for affordability

purpose. In addition to that, oral conversation is

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efficient as one can ask a question where he or she

does not understand and the instructor can respond to

it as quick as possible. In this case, while giving tasks

to employees, the manager should ensure he or she

uses oral communication(Godlovitch et al., 2013).

Another way is to avoid use of abusive language

while communicating. For proper understanding

between parties, a good and polite language must be

used. It is therefore important for the manager to

handle employees with respect when giving out tasks

to be completed. This ensures that the business

achieves its set goals and objectives. According to

Waylen (2017), simple and clear language should be

used for easier understanding. This helps to prevent

confusion as everyone will interpret information in a

correct manner. Customers are also be able to

understand any changes pertaining goods and

services clearly and easily. Moreover, to enhance

effective communication, the message should also be

accompanied by various non-verbal aspects such as

gestures in order to make the receiver understand

more. This can be applied when the supervisor is

giving out instructions to the employees(Radomska

et al., 2019).

2.2.2 Importance of Effective Communication in a

Business

Several research carried out by scholars suggest that

effective communication is key as far as business

growth is concerned. According to (McLean, 2013),

effective communication is important enables

employees to be well informed and motivated about

tasks to be done which are normally assigned by

managers or supervisors. In addition to that, the

managers can not only clearly demonstrate to

employees how tasks are supposed to be done but

also help them improve their performance. This

enhances productivity both in terms of quantity and

quality and enables the company to improve on its

sales thus maximizing profit. Communication is also

applicable in the decision making

process(Kalogiannidis, 2020). Here, people exchange

ideas hence analyzing various alternatives in order to

come up with a rational informed solution. This

means that it is only through effective

communication that an organization can come up

with an informed decision concerning the business.

Decision making provides a platform for

consultations and consensus. Informed decisions are

important as they eventually make the business grow.

Problems faced by the business are normally solved

through the decision making criteria(Godlovitch et

al., 2013). Furthermore, effective communication

enhances team work within the organization. If

everyone within the organization is well informed,

there shall be team work and togetherness as all

employees shall be committed to work towards a

common goal(Godlovitch et al., 2013). Team work

eventually leads to success as employees would help

each other improve his or her skills. This enhances

productivity and by doing so the business achieves

strategic growth. Effective communication assists in

the controlling process. The management is able to

control the behavior of other organizational

members. In any business organization, there are

fundamental principles normally set aside by the

management used to guide and control everyone’s

behavior. Through effective communication, all

members in the organization understand and strictly

abide by the rules(Hakanen et al., 2016).

2.2.3 Business Trust as Growth Predictors

Most researchers have found out that trust is a core

value in a business. There should be trust between

the business and its customers, suppliers and vendors.

This trust is what binds the parties

together(Kalogiannidis, 2020). Trust gives a chance

for every party to play its role as required. If there is

trust between the business and its suppliers, the

suppliers would be comfortable in delivering

inventory as they have an assurance of getting paid.

However, if the business is not honest with their

suppliers, the suppliers may run away from risks that

may occur due to lack of payment by the business.

The business will therefore lose their suppliers and in

the longrun productivity will be affected. The

business will not achieve its set goals(Mouzas et al.,

2007).

The same concept applies to customers who are the

sole providers of the business. Trust must exist

between these two parties for efficient running of the

business. Incase there is no trust, customers will not

buy the products thus the business may end up

receiving loses(Zeffane et al., 2011). On the other

hand, if trust exists then customers will be

comfortable buying goods or services being provided

by the business in exchange of their money(Mohd

Yusuf, 2012). In addition to that, it is because of trust

that a business can acquire financial assistance from

financial institutions. It is also because of trust that a

business can acquire inventory inform of credit. In

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conclusion, it is evident that trust must be there for a

business to run and achieve its goals(Yung, 2018).

2.2.4 External and Internal Communication

Effective communication involves both external and

internal communication. External communication is

that which information is transferred from the

organization to an external party. For instance, a

business can convey information to its customers and

suppliers. This type of information should also be

effective in order for the business to grow and

achieve its set goals and objectives(Hakanen et al.,

2016). Internal communication is that which

information is shared within the organization. For

example, the manager can assign tasks and give out

specific instructions to the employees, the manager

can also inform shareholders on how the business is

going on and many more. Internal communication

also influences the growth of a business because it

enhances coordination and unity in carrying out

activities. By doing so, the business can achieve its

goals and objectives(Kalogiannidis &

Papaevangelou, 2020). Communication can be

summarized in the following steps.

Fig. 1: Flow of communication in a company

2.2.5 Business Growth

Scholars define business growth as a situation where

a business experiences an increase in its revenue in

terms of profitability and on the other hand

decreasing its operational costs. In addition to that,

growth also refers to the general expansion of a

business enterprise in terms of assets, human

resource, quantity of goods produced and market

coverage. However, business trust is a set up where

the properties and assets of a business organization

are channeled and entrusted to a specific trustee

whose role is to manage all operations for

beneficiaries’ profit. This means that the trustee does

not work for his own profit but for the profit of the

beneficiaries who are the real owners or investors of

the business. There should therefore be

trustworthiness between the beneficiaries and the

trustee for the purpose of credibility and

loyalty(Mohd Yusuf, 2012).

3 Methodology

This section describes the different methods and tool

used in the study

3.1 Research Design

The research adopted a descriptive survey design

which enables exploration and analysis of the

relationship that exists between business

communication, business trust and general growth of

a business.

3.2 Sample Size

Participants of the survey were 100 employees of a

personal computers and desk tops manufacturing

company known as Intrasoft International in Greece,

which is an ever growing company in terms of profit,

market coverage and the number of employees. This

company was chosen in order to find out the

relationship between growth and communications

and business trust.

3.3 Sampling Technique

Probability sampling technique was employed

throughout the study whereby simple random

sampling was used as a method of participant

selection.

SOURCE

MESSAGE

DESTINATION

FEEDBACK

ENCORDER

INFORMATION

DECORDER

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3.4 Data Collection

Data collection was conducted through online survey

questionnaire from the selected participants by

observing different ethical requirements such as

obtaining informed consent from the study

participants. The questions contained on the

questionnaire focused on establishing the opinions of

respondents concerning the level to which business

trust and communication have influenced growth in

their company. A Likert scale of 1-5 representing;

Strongly disagree (1), disagree (2), Undecided (3),

agree (4), and strongly agree (5), was based on to

measure the dependent and independent variables.

3.5 Data Analysis

Data collected was carefully codded and

consequently analyzed using SPSS. Results were

presented in form of tables and graphs and

consequently interpreted based on frequencies and

percentages. Correlation analysis was considered to

establish the relationship between the study variables.

Regression analysis was also conducted to establish

the level to which the dependent variable is

predicated by the different independent variables

(business communication and business trust). The

model that was used in regression analysis is

presented below;

Where;

Y= Business growth

β0= constant (coefficient of intercept);

= Business communication,

= Business trust

= Represents the error term in the multiple

regression model

β1…β3= Represents the regression coefficient of the

two independent variables which helped to determine

the level of influence that the independent variables

on the dependent variable.

4 Results

This section presents the different results obtained

after data analysis and these helped in meeting the

different objectives of the study.

4.1 Demographic Characteristics

Of the 100 employees of the computer company,

56% were male and only 44% were female as

presented in Figure 2.

Fig. 2: Percentage distribution of respondents by gender

Source: Survey (2021)

In terms of respondent age distribution, the study

found out that the highest proportion of respondents

(46.7%) were in the category of 21-40 years and

those in the category of less than 20 years (8.9%) as

presented in figure 3.

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Fig. 3: Age bracket of the respondents

Source: Survey (2021)

Respondents were also asked about the number of

years they had spent working in the computer

company and more than half of the respondents

(57.4%) had spent 2-5 years, 24.6% had spent 5 years

and above, 11.1% had spent 1-2 years, while the

least number of respondents (6.9%) were less than

one year as employees of the company.

Fig. 4: Years sent working with the company

Source: Survey (2021)

Majority of the respondents (95%) also indicated that

there been any improvement in terms of

communication and trust in the business and only 5%

were not in agreement with this notion as presented

in figure 5

Fig. 5: Improvement in terms of communication and trust in the business

Source: Survey (2021)

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4.2 Descriptive Statistics on Effective Business

Communication

Table 1. Showing descriptive statistics on effective business communication

Statement

Horizontal communication influences proper

decision making in a business

Frequency

6.7

8.9

12.2

48.9

23.3

Business negotiations are successful through

proper communication with clients

Frequency

10.0

14.4

11.1

45.6

18.9

Communication enhances customer relationship

management

Frequency

5.6

12.2

7.8

40.0

34.4

Downward communication boosts relationship

between employers and the staff

Frequency

8.9

6.7

12.2

48.9

23.3

Managerial efficiency is possible through

effective communication

Frequency

20.0

33.3

12.2

24.4

10.0

Source: Survey (2021)

Results from table 1 show that majority of

respondents (48.9%) agreed that horizontal

communication influences proper decision making in

a business and only 8.9% disagreed. Concerning

whether business negotiations are successful through

proper communication with clients, majority of the

participants (45.6%) agreed while only 10.0%

strongly disagreed. This was an indication that

effective or proper communication flow encourages

successful negotiations in businesses. In regard to

whether communication enhances customer

relationship management, majority of respondents

(40%) agreed while only 5.6% strongly disagreed.

With respect to whether downward communication

boosts relationship between employers and the staff,

majority of the respondents (48.9%) and only 6.7%

disagreed. The result confirms the fact that

communication from the top management to the

lower level employees influences higher productivity

which translates unto higher profitability and

business growth on the longrun. Regarding whether

managerial efficiency is possible through effective

communication, a slight higher number of

respondents (33.3%) disagreed while only 24.4%

agreed.

4.3 Descriptive Statistics on Business Trust

Table 2. Showing descriptive statistics on business trust

Statement

Trust in business is a great brand asset

Frequency

15.5

11.1

13.3

40.0

20.0

Business trust facilitates improved customer loyalty

Frequency

7.8

20.0

10.0

40.0

22.2

Trust builds cordial relations between the business and

customers

Frequency

17.8

11.1

13.3

37.8

20.0

Trust enables leaders or managers to stay committed

to their decisions

Frequency

11.1

4.4

14.4

52.2

17.7

Employee morale and productivity increase with

higher trust in an organization

Frequency

6.7

20.0

12.2

34.4

26.7

Source: Survey (2021)

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Results in table 2 show that majority of the

respondents (40%) agreed that trust in business is a

great brand asset and only 11.1% disagreed.

Concerning whether business trust facilitates

improved customer loyalty, majority of the

respondents (40%) agreed while the least number of

respondents (7.8%) strongly disagreed. This results

clearly shows that high levels of trust in business

play a key role in improving the general loyalty of

customers. With respect to whether trust builds

cordial relations between the business and customers,

majority of the respondents (37.8%) agreed and only

11.1% disagreed. In regard to whether trust enables

leaders or managers to stay committed to their

decisions, slightly more than a half of respondents

(52.2%) agreed and only 4.4% disagreed. Concerning

whether employee morale and productivity increase

with higher trust in an organization, majority of

respondents (34.4%) agreed and only 6.7% strongly

disagreed.

4.4 Descriptive Statistics on Business Growth

Table 3. Showing descriptive results on business growth

Statement

We have achieved greater profitability over the

last

one year

Frequency

6.7

4.4

7.8

46.7

34.4

The business’ Return on Assets is on a steady

progress

Frequency

10.0

11.1

7.8

26.7

45.6

Return on Equity has greatly progress over the

least one year

Frequency

6.7

10.0

11.1

40.0

32.2

There is increase in sales in our business

Frequency

21.1

56.7

22.2

Customer loyalty and customer base are on

increase in the company

Frequency

13.3

20.0

12.2

37.8

16.7

Source: Survey (2021)

The results in table 3 show that majority of the

respondents (46.7%) agreed that their businesses had

achieved greater profitability over the last one year

while only 4.4% disagreed. This was a clear

manifestation that the utilization of business

communication tools and encouraging business trust,

greatly enhances the profitability levels of that a

particular venture or business. Regarding whether the

business’ Return on Assets is on a steady progress, a

slightly higher number if respondents (26.7%) agreed

while only 11.1% disagreed. Concerning whether

Return on Equity has greatly progress over the least

one year a great number if respondents (40%) agreed

while only 6.7% strongly disagreed. Concerning

whether there is increase in sales in the business,

more than half of the respondents (56.7%) agreed and

only 21.1% were undecided. Concerning whether the

Customer loyalty and customer base are on increase

within the company, a slight majority of respondents

(37.8%) agreed and only 20% of respondents

disagreed. This result clearly indicated that

embracing business trust and consequently utilizing

the different challenges of business communication

helps to uplift the company’s customer base and

loyalty. These two aspects are so essential towards

continued business growth.

4.5 Correlation Analysis

To establish the effects of business communication

and business trust on business growth, correlation

analysis was done and the results are presented in

table 4.

Table 4. Showing results of correlation analysis

Business communication

Business trust

Business growth

Business communication

Business trust

0.751**

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0.00

Business growth

.658*

0.719*

0.00

0.001

**Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (1-tailed)

The results in table 6 show a positive correlation

between business communication (r = 0.658) and is

significant at 0.01. This shows that the different

forms of business communication including vertical,

horizontal or downward communication, have a great

impact on the growth of a business. The results also

showed a positive correlation between business trust

and business growth(r = 0.905) is this was significant

at 0.01. This was a clear indication that establishing

trust in business most especially with customers,

helps to enhance the profitability or sales volumes,

leading to business growth.

4.6 Multiple regression analysis

Regression analysis was also conducted to establish

the level to which business growth is predicted by

business communication and business trust and the

results are presented in table 5.

Table 5. Showing results of regression analysis

Model

Unstandardized

Coefficients

Standardized

Coefficients

Sig.

Adjusted

Std. Error

Beta

(Constant)

.318

.136

2.338

.000

.794

.782

Business

communication

.218

.057

.317

3.836

.000

Business trust

.276

.067

.234

4.095

.000

Dependent Variable: Business growth

Predictors :Business communication, Business trust

Source: Survey (2021)

From table 5, the adjusted square of the multiple R

was 0.782 indicating that the 78.2% of variance in

business growth is jointly explained by the two

independent namely business communication and

business trust. Furthermore, the beta coefficient (β1)

was 0.317; the p-value (0.000) was less than the

significance level (0.01). We accept the first

hypothesis that, “there is a significant relationship

between business communication and business

growth.” The beta coefficient (β2) was 0.234; the p-

value (0.000) was less than the significance level

(0.01). We therefore conclude that, “there is a

significant relationship between business trust and

business growth”.

5 Discussion

The findings clearly show that business trust and

business communication have a great influence in the

growth of businesses. The correlation and regression

results confirm a significant and positive relationship

between the study variables. These findings are in

line with findings of most scholars who have

continuously connected effective communication and

trust, with business growth (Hakanen et al., 2016;

Kalogiannidis, 2020; Mohd Yusuf, 2012). Scolars

have continued to argue that utilization of both

effective communication and business trust

influences customer loyalty and employee motivation

and eventually leads to business growth. Many

scholars view communication as a management

function(Kalogiannidis & Papaevangelou, 2020).

This is absolutely true as proper management can

only be carried out through effective communication.

Communication has therefore been defined as a

process of creating and passing ideas, opinions, facts

and feelings from one person to the other, either

within or without the organization(Yung, 2018). It

has been confirmed that it is only through effective

communication that everyone in an organization can

know the overall objectives and goals to be achieved.

From the literature, it is also evident that effective

communication, trust and business ethics are

important for business growth hence must always be

adhered to by any business(Zeffane et al., 2011).

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The findings of this research show that business trust

and communication are critical in the development of

corporate business growth in the Greek business

sector. Business growth is most influenced by

communication(Zeffane et al., 2011). As a result,

dealers in personal computers must focus on

developing strategies and processes that guarantee

that the goods or services provided meet or surpass

client expectations (Hakanen et al., 2016). In order to

accomplish corporate goals and objectives, a

company dealing in personal computers must devote

a significant amount of resources to meeting

consumer demands. Satisfaction breeds loyalty,

which is essential for a supplier to maintain a

competitive edge (Gusev et al., 2020). Customers

that are loyal to a company make it more lucrative.

They increase the goodwill and reputation of a

company via word of mouth. Customer satisfaction

leads to long-term partnerships and a lower

likelihood of relationship termination. As a result, a

personal computers company must be able to

establish trust, have efficient communication

strategies, and please its consumers in order to

solidify its market position, retain customers, and

grow more lucrative (Gusev et al., 2020). A firm

dealing in personal computers will be able to attract

loyal clients by doing so. These clients will be

willing to collaborate, to stay in a long-term

relationship, and to propagate good word of mouth,

all of which will assist to boost the firm's market

reputation. Dealers in personal computers in Greece

must be able to provide more trusted service to their

consumers in order to look more effective, satisfying,

and trustworthy.

One of the study's key limitations is that it utilized a

judgmental sample, therefore the findings could only

be regarded as representing the whole population of

responders. This restricts the conclusions'

generalizability, especially in terms of their relevance

to other Greek industries. As a result, it is suggested

that this research be reproduced in other Greek

businesses.

6 Conclusion and Recommendation

In conclusion, it is evident that both effective

communication and business trust leads to business

growth. It is therefore important for a business to

ensure that it puts in place measures that can enhance

effective communication and business trust. Through

these two aspects, the business would be able to

achieve its set objectives and goals. It is therefore

important for companies or businesses to embrace the

different modern forms of communication and

consequently promote trust in order to achieve

desired levels of business growth. The exploration of

the relationship between business trust and business

communication on business growth in the Greek

business sector is an important addition to the

literature in the topic. In the topic of relationship

marketing, this research contributes both

theoretically and practically. Marketing managers,

for example, would benefit from knowing that

contentment is a crucial result of trust and

communication between personal computer dealers

and manufacturers.

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Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0

(Attribution 4.0 International, CC BY 4.0)

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Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en_

WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on BUSINESS and ECONOMICS

DOI: 10.37394/23207.2021.18.138

Stavros Kalogiannidis

E-ISSN: 2224-2899

1522

Volume 18, 2021

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Scott McLean

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