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The Diverse Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Lactobacillus Discovered from Sheep Milk

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Abhinandan Patil at D.Y. Patil Education Society
Abhinandan Patil
Vijay Mali
Vijay Mali
Vijay Mali
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Atharv Mali
Atharv Mali
Atharv Mali
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Acta Scientific Pharmaceutical Sciences (ISSN: 2581-5423)
Volume 5 Issue 12 December 2021
The Diverse Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Lactobacillus Discovered from Sheep Milk
Abhinandan Patil1*, Vijay Mali2 and Atharv Mali1
1School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sanjay Ghodawat University, Kolhapur, India
2NICE Advanced Neonatal Care Centre and Children Clinic, Kolhapur, India
*Corresponding Author: Abhinandan Patil, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Sanjay Ghodawat University, Kolhapur, India.
Short Communication
Received: November 22, 2021
Published: November 30, 2021
© All rights are reserved by Abhinandan
Patil., et al.
Figure 1: 
the viability of HCT 115 cell line for various concentration by
MTT assay. Values are expressed as viability mean ratio ± SD*,
n = 3.
Citation: Abhinandan Patil., et al. “The Diverse Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Lactobacillus Discovered from Sheep Milk". Acta Scientific Pharmaceutical
Sciences 5.12 (2021): 69-70.
Keywords: Lactobacillus; probiotics; assay; MTT
Abbreviations
LactobacillusLactobacillus plantarum Lactobacillus
rhamnosusLactobacillus acidophilus
The pharmacology research, for the evaluation of the toxicity,
is become vital in regards to the neutraceuticals products devel-
opment [1,7-10]. The cytotoxicity studies of the nutraceutical
products, especially the lactobacillus -
ing importance due to its industrial application [11, 12]. The inter-
action of the probiotics cells with the living host cells may rarely
precipitate toxicity [1-3,13, 14,17,18]  
in pathophysiological conditions such as cancer is gaining impor-
tance as an alternative source of functional food [14-16].
To support the claim MTT test was performed on three different
Lactobacillus plantarumLacto-
bacillus rhamnosus  Lactobacillus acidophilus. The culture
           
-
 
[5,6].
In this test, the MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl
tetrazolium bromide) was used [4]. This reagent passes through
the viable cells and enters the mitochondria, producing the dark
blue/purple insoluble compound called as formazan. This is ob-
served only in viable cells, as the yellow tetrazolium salt from MTT
reagent is reduced to colored purple dye only in the living cells.
These viable colored cells get homogenized and soluble because of
the use of organic solvent like isopropanol resulting in the forma-
tion of the formazan. This complex-colored compound is measured
by the spectrophotometric method. The dead cells never show
these activities thus, this assay gives the count of the living cells
in the form of the viability count and determines the number of
metabolically active cells.
The viability study conducted by MTT assay on HCT 115 cell
lines shows a decrease in percentage cell viability, an approxi-

ml and further, showing the strongest anti-proliferative activity as


proliferative activity. Similarly, the cell viability results obtained
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The Diverse Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Lactobacillus Discovered from Sheep Milk
Citation: Abhinandan Patil., et al. “The Diverse Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Lactobacillus Discovered from Sheep Milk". Acta Scientific Pharmaceutical
Sciences 5.12 (2021): 69-70.
               
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Volume 5 Issue 12 December 2021
© All rights are reserved by Abhinandan Patil., et al.
... Understanding the causes of dysbiosis and pathogenic changes is important for making treatments that return a healthy microbiota and reduce the risk of infection. Future study that tries to figure out how these mechanisms work could lead to specific ways to prevent and treat infections by changing the composition of microbiota and promoting a healthy microbial community [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. ...
... Therapeutic approaches that change the microbiota could help restore microbial homeostasis and boost the host's defenses against pathogens. This study looks at the use of probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) as possible ways to change the microbiota and boost the immune response of the host to fight off pathogenic infections [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. ...
... Combination therapies could make microbiota modulation even more successful and offer a complete way to avoid and treat infectious diseases linked to dysbiosis. More study in this area will help to create targeted and individualized interventions that use the power of the microbiota to make the host more resistant to pathogens [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]37]. ...
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The trillions of bacteria that live in and on our bodies make up the human microbiota, which is a very important part of keeping us healthy and protecting us from pathogenic infections. Dysbiosis is when there are changes in the composition and variety of the microbiota. This can upset the delicate balance between the host and its microbes, making the host more vulnerable to pathogens. Understanding the complicated link between microbiota and pathogens is important for coming up with effective ways to change microbiota and boost the body's defenses against infections. This study looks at how microbiota modulation affects the spread of pathogens and infections. It talks about how the makeup of microbiota affects how susceptible you are to pathogens. It shows how a healthy microbiota can protect you by making it hard for pathogens to grow and take over. The review also goes into detail about how the microbiota protects against pathogens, such as through competitive exclusion, the production of antimicrobial compounds, and the regulation of immune reactions. The study also looks at the idea of dysbiosis and how it is linked to pathogenic shifts. Disruptions in the microbiota can make it easier for pathogens to grow and make it harder for the host to fight off infections. It focuses on the need to recover microbial balance to improve the host's defenses and lower risks caused by pathogens. There is also talk about the use of probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) as ways to change the microbiome. The goal of these interventions is to restore the diversity and function of microbes, improve the integrity of barriers, and boost the immune system's reaction to pathogens. The review shows how these methods could be used to change the microbiota and make it easier for the body to fight off infections. In conclusion, knowing how the microbiota and pathogens work together in a complicated way can help a lot when it comes to making specific interventions for microbiota modulation. Strategies that restore the balance of microbes and boost the host's defenses could stop pathogens from taking over and making people sick. More study needs to be done in this area to improve therapeutic approaches and use the microbiota to its fullest extent to fight infectious diseases.
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... This information may be used to influence public health measures such as the development of diagnostic tests, updates to vaccines, or activities focused on targeted surveillance [11][12][13][14][15][16]. In addition, the (Graham, 2013). ...
... This is necessary since viral infections continue to provide important problems to public health. This section investigates new techniques and breakthroughs in the realm of antimicrobial treatments and viral pathogenesis as follows[2,[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19].Antivirals with a wide scope of activityAntivirals with a broad range of activity are those that are able to target different viral infections or viral families. As a result, they offer a therapeutic strategy that is more adaptable and allencompassing. ...
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... This information may be used to influence public health measures such as the development of diagnostic tests, updates to vaccines, or activities focused on targeted surveillance [11][12][13][14][15][16]. In addition, the (Graham, 2013). ...
... This is necessary since viral infections continue to provide important problems to public health. This section investigates new techniques and breakthroughs in the realm of antimicrobial treatments and viral pathogenesis as follows[2,[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19].Antivirals with a wide scope of activityAntivirals with a broad range of activity are those that are able to target different viral infections or viral families. As a result, they offer a therapeutic strategy that is more adaptable and allencompassing. ...
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... These studies should focus on certain types of cancer, treatment plans, and groups of patients. To keep patients safe and make sure the treatment works, it will also be important to keep a close eye on the results and side effects of the treatment [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. ...
... Biomarkers could help predict which patients are most likely to benefit from probiotic therapy and track how well treatments are working. Molecular markers in the gut bacteria, the immune system of the host, and the microenvironment of the tumor could be good predictors of how well a treatment is working and help choose probiotics for specific interventions [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37]. ...
Probiotics in Cancer Treatment: From the Laboratory to Clinical Practice
Preprint
Full-text available
  • Jul 2023
Probiotics are now being looked at as a possible addition to cancer treatments in both study and clinical settings. This study tries to give an overview of probiotic research as it relates to cancer, with a focus on how it might help avoid cancer, treat it, and improve the health of cancer patients. We look at developmental studies that use cell culture and animal models to look at how well probiotics work in cancer. We focus on how probiotics change the immune system, inflammation, and gut bacteria. The results of clinical studies that looked at probiotics as an add-on therapy for cancer patients are looked at to see how they affected the treatment success, side effects, and quality of life of the patients. We look at the possible benefits of probiotics for certain types of cancer, such as colorectal cancer, breast cancer, and stomach tumors. We also find the best probiotic strains for each type of cancer. We also look at the synergistic benefits of combining probiotics with standard cancer treatments like chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy to improve the effectiveness of treatment and lower side effects. Lastly, we talk about the present problems and future directions of probiotic research for cancer. We focus on personalized methods, ideal doses and treatment plans, finding signs of treatment success, and making probiotic-based therapies. By learning more about how probiotics could be used to treat cancer, we can create personalized, successful, and well-tolerated probiotic treatments to improve cancer outcomes.
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... Their ability to reduce inflammation, stop cell growth, and change the immune system makes them good treatment targets. But more study is needed to find out their exact ways of working, the best ways to control their production, and how safe and good they are at preventing adenoma colon cancer in different groups of people [26][27][28][29][30][31]. ...
Therapeutic approaches and challenges for modulating the microbiota to prevent adenoma colon cancer
Article
Full-text available
  • Jan 2023
New research suggests that gut microbiota helps adenoma colon cancer spread worldwide. This study seeks therapeutic microbiota changes to prevent adenoma colon cancer anddiscusses their drawbacks. Prebiotics feed good bacteria and promote the formationof short-chain fatty acids, which have anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. Topromote healthy gut bacteria and reduce adenoma risk, fiber-rich diets and particulardietary interventions are being researched. FMT (fecal microbiota transplantation) may help restore gut flora and prevent adenomacolon cancer, according to the study. FMT transfers healthy donor feces to patients to restoremicrobial diversity. Different gut flora, persons, and therapies make it tricky todrawconclusions. Personalizing therapeutic approaches to each person’s microbiota, host features, and genetic factors can improve treatment. Changing microorganisms may prevent adenoma colon cancer. Probiotics, prebiotics, dietary modifications, FMT, and bacteriametabolites may assist. More research is needed to determine the best ways to aid, solvedifficulties, and personalize methods. We can prevent adenoma colon cancer and improvepublic health by learning more about gut flora and optimizing treatment methods.
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... Gastric acid and bile salts can destroy probiotics, but enteric covering or microencapsulation can keep them safe until they reach the lower gut. Also, new methods, such as bioadhesive formulations or encapsulation in hydrogels, make it easier to control the release of probiotics and stick them to particular parts of the gastrointestinal system [26][27][28][29][30][31] . ...
Probiotics Change the Microbiota: From the Lab to the Bedside
Preprint
Full-text available
  • Jul 2023
Probiotics have become a potential way to change the microbiota, which allows for more personalized ways to improve health results. This abstract gives an outline of the most important parts of personalized microbiota regulation through probiotics. It focuses on effectiveness and mechanisms, clinical applications, safety and tolerability, formulations and delivery methods, and customized approaches. Many studies have looked into how and why probiotics change the microbiome. These studies show that probiotics can change the makeup and function of microbial communities. Probiotics have been shown to help treat a number of health problems, such as digestive problems, immune system problems, metabolic problems, and mental health problems. It is important for the success of probiotics to find out if they are safe and can be tolerated. Studies have shown that probiotics are usually safe for most people, but there are some things that need to be taken into account to make sure they are safe, especially for people who are weak. Formulations and transport methods are very important for making sure that probiotics are alive, stable, and delivered to the right places in the GI tract. Probiotic strains work better in the gut because of improvements in how probiotic preparation technologies protect and control the release of probiotic strains. Personalized methods take into account how each person's microbiome and health are different. By using individual microbiota profiling, custom probiotic approaches can be made to address specific microbial imbalances and promote a healthier microbial environment, which could improve treatment results. Even though individual methods show promise, there are still problems, such as the need to standardize microbiota profiling techniques, figure out how to understand data, and keep track of people over time. For personalized probiotics to reach their full potential and change the way patients are cared for based on the microbiota-host relationship, more study, technological advances, and teamwork are needed. In conclusion, probiotics can be used to change your microbiome in a way that is specific to you and your health goals. By using the power of individualized microbiota profiling, personalized probiotic treatments might be able to help with certain health problems and make the microbial environment better. Putting personalized probiotics into clinical practice and changing the way patients are cared for will require more study and partnerships between different fields.
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... Reinforcing Delayed Satisfaction: Praise and encourage children when they are able to wait to get what they want and instead work towards long-term goals. This will teach them the value of patience and persistence [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] . ...
The Psychological Effects of Excessive Mobile AppUsage: Reshaping Childhood
Article
Full-text available
  • Jul 2023
Concerns have been made about how children's health and psychology could be hurt by the growing number of mobile apps they use. This abstract looks at intervention methods and best practices for getting kids to use mobile apps in a healthy way, find a balance with technology, and build up their resilience. Key points include promoting digital literacy and critical thinking, setting clear boundaries and rules, encouraging digital balance, modeling healthy tech habits, building resilience and coping skills, encouraging face-to-face communication, setting up tech-free times and spaces, monitoring app usage and content, promoting mindfulness and self-reflection, and getting professional help when needed. By using these tactics, parents, teachers, and other caretakers can help kids build a healthy relationship with technology, live a balanced life, and build the resilience they need to handle the challenges of the digital world. The goal of these interventions is to make sure that kids' app use is good for their general health, helps them learn and get along with others, and sets them up for long-term success in the digital age.
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Use of Artificial Intelligence to Hasten Progress in Plant Genetics
Preprint
Full-text available
  • Sep 2023
There has been a revolution in crop breeding, the age-old technique of improving plant features for agricultural and nutritional purposes. The merging of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and genetics is the driving force behind these changes. The combination of AI-driven models, genomic data, and cutting-edge tools like CRISPR-Cas9 to speed up genetic improvements in crops is described in this abstract. From increased disease resistance and production potential to better nutritional content, AI plays a crucial role in the identification and improvement of crop features. The time it takes to review, select, and cross several generations of crops is reduced by AI's data-driven selection, precision editing, and predictive modeling. This innovative tool has the potential to transform farming by helping to combat issues like hunger, climate change, and malnutrition on a worldwide scale. Equal access, protecting genetic variety, and assessing risks are only some of the ethical and regulatory issues raised by AI-enhanced agricultural breeding. Responsible and equitable implementation of AI in agricultural breeding relies on successfully navigating these challenges. Finally, the use of artificial intelligence to improve crop breeding marks a revolutionary change in agriculture, speeding up genetic improvements to meet the needs of a growing global population while also addressing urgent environmental and nutritional concerns. This abstract provides a taste of the promise, difficulty, and ethical questions that characterize this innovative subject, where artificial intelligence and genetics join forces to grow a better future for agricultural production around the world.
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Rising Cancer Impact and Pollution as Hazards
Preprint
Full-text available
  • Sep 2023
Comprehensive studies into the various causes of this ubiquitous disease have been prompted by the worldwide increase in cancer incidence. There are many potential causes of cancer, but environmental factors are of particular concern now. This abstract explores the complex link between environmental factors and the growing cancer epidemic, shedding light on the role that our immediate environment plays in the emergence of cancers. The environment can contain carcinogenic agents that gradually influence the course of cancer, including air pollutants, water contaminants, workplace exposures, and industrial activities. The ways through which environmental carcinogens may cause DNA damage and unchecked cell proliferation are discussed in this abstract. Environmental justice and the moral necessity to reduce inequities in exposure and health effects are highlighted to underline the disproportionate impact on vulnerable groups. The study presented here highlights the need for preemptive action to reduce environmental risks. Society can reduce the hidden threat posed by environmental carcinogens through strict legislation, sustainable practices, and community-driven initiatives. In order to lessen the cancer burden and secure a healthier future for all, the authors of this abstract argue that there must be a concerted effort to create surroundings that promote health and well-being.
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Tobacco’s Toll: Looking at the Long-Term Systemic Effects
Preprint
Full-text available
  • Jul 2023
Tobacco use is bad for your health in many ways, not just your lungs. It affects many other parts of your body, including your nervous system. This abstract looks at the link between smoking and the nervous system and shows how smoking affects the nerve system in specific ways. There are a lot of different diseases and risks that can come from smoking. By weakening blood vessels and making it easier for blood clots to form, smoking makes the chance of having a stroke much higher. Using tobacco is also linked to a drop in brain function and memory problems, as well as a higher chance of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease and dementia. Also, people who smoke have a higher chance of getting multiple sclerosis, which is a long-term autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system. It can also cause peripheral neuropathy, which can damage nerves and cause tingling, pain, and stiffness in the limbs. Nicotine, the substance that makes tobacco addicting, changes the brain's reward circuits. This makes it hard to stop smoking because it leads to addiction. In addition to these effects on the body, smoking also has effects on the mind. It makes mood disorders like sadness and anxiety more likely, making the symptoms worse and hurting general health. Understanding the effects of smoking on the brain is important for improving overall health and getting people to stop smoking. Public health efforts, education, and targeted interventions are needed to make people aware of these risks and help them make choices about smoking that are based on accurate information. By looking at how smoking affects the brain, we can try to make people's lives better and protect their and their communities' well-being.
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The origin of novel coronavirus: COVID-19
Article
Full-text available
  • Apr 2020
The new respiratory disease frequently observed are zoonoses exhibiting positive-stranded RNA viruses called Coronaviruses (CoVs). These groups of the virus are having origin from non-human species such as bats, cows and birds. The transmission of the virus to humans is reported to cause severe acute respiratory infection from cough to pneumonia. The mortality rate is increased from its origin from severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) to newly developed COVID-19. The following review states that the SARS, MERS to newly developed COVID-19 are generally types of coronavirus. The mode of infection and symptoms exhibited by all the corona types are nearly the same but with the difference in its virulence.
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The Insight of Body’s Immune System, Inflammation and Damages in Wound Healing- The review
Article
Full-text available
  • Aug 2021
The injuries and its infections are the most painful form of trauma. Wound infections are the growth of microorganisms within the wound area. This infection causes the body’s immune system, inflammation and damages the tissue within the wound site. Hence, there is an immense need to formulate new dressing materials for wound dressing application. To know more about new dressing material working it is need of time to study the mechanism of wound healing. Today’s review focus on mechanism of wound healing, wound dressing, new dressing material and necessity of wound dressings. Keywords: Wound healing, dressing material
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Evaluation of the rodent micronucleus assay by a 28-day treatment protocol: Summary of the 13th Collaborative Study by the Collaborative Study Group for the Micronucleus Test (CSGMT)/Environmental Mutagen Society of Japan (JEMS)-Mammalian Mutagenicity Study Group (MMS)
Article
Full-text available
  • Mar 2001
To examine whether micronucleus tests can be incorporated into general toxicology assays, we performed micronucleus tests applying the treatment protocols typically used in such assays. In this 13th Collaborative Study of the CSGMT, both rats and mice were tested, although rats were used in the majority of the studies. Fifteen mutagens were tested in rats, mainly by oral (p.o.) administration. Micronucleus induction was evaluated 2, 3, and 4 days, and 1, 2, 3, and 28 days after the beginning of the treatment in the peripheral blood, and at 28 days in the bone marrow. Of the 15 chemicals that induced micronuclei in rats in short-term assays, two chemicals (1,2-dimethylhydrazine.2HCl and mitomycin C) were negative in all our experiments, possibly because of insufficient dose levels. The remaining 13 were positive within the estimated dose range of a general toxicology assay, suggesting the possibility of integrating the micronucleus assay into general toxicology assays. Three patterns were observed in micronucleus induction during the period of repeated treatment: (1) gradual increases in micronucleus frequency with sequential doses, (2) a peak at 3-5 days followed by gradual decreases in micronucleus frequency with sequential doses, and (3) a rapid increase in micronucleus frequency followed by a plateau. We evaluated factors that might have been involved in those patterns, such as the spleen function, target organ exposure, extramedullary hematopoiesis, hypothermia, and hypoxia. Another factor we considered was dosage. Because the dosages employed in a general toxicity assay are usually lower than those used in short-term micronucleus assays, this discrepancy was considered the greatest potential problem for integrating the micronucleus assay into general toxicology assays. Our results indicate that the integration of the micronucleus assay into a 28-day toxicological assay is feasible. To serve this purpose, blood samples collected 4 days after the beginning of treatment and blood and bone marrow samples collected at autopsy should be examined. Furthermore, although it is recognized that mice may be suitable for performing independent micronucleus assays, we propose that rats can provide biologically important and relevant information regarding potential chemical mutagens that can be evaluated under conditions used in the conduct of general toxicology studies.
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Probiotic potential of Lactobacillus plantarum with the cell adhesion properties
Article
  • Dec 2018
The uses of microbes as functional food maintain health and prevent many disease and disorder. The isolation and research of new strains of probiotic strains especially lactobacilli proven to be useful to satisfy the increasing demand of the population. In the current study, the probiotic potential of Lactobacillus strains isolated from sheep milk was investigated. The Lactobacillus strains were identified and evaluated for tolerance against gastric acidity and bile toxicity, along with the adhesion to HT-29 cells. The study proved the antimicrobial activities and antibiotic susceptibility. Survival of the strains through the host intestine was examined by the 12 week Wister rat feeding and faecal analysis trial. The in-vivo trials not only proved the adhesion but also the survival of the Lactobacillus plantarum MCC 3595 inside the intestinal lumen of the host. Thus, the isolated strain can act as the functional food by the further clinical investigation.
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Shelf life stability of encapsulated lactic acid bacteria isolated from Sheep milk thrived in different milk as natural media
Article
  • Sep 2018
  • SMALL RUMINANT RES
Four types of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from sheep milk and identified by physiological, biochemical and 16S rRNA sequencing analysis. These LAB were thrived in the milk of cow, buffalo, goat, and sheep and hence characterized for colony forming unit (cfu). It is revealed that in case of buffalo milk the cfu count was found higher ∼14 × 10¹⁰ cfu mL⁻¹ comparative to other milk treated samples. Thus, this was further selected for various stress tolerance studies such as in vitro bile salt, pH, and other biochemical studies. The shelf life of LAB was also studied and found to be enhanced by encapsulation using maltodextrin and starch (2:1) by spray dry technique. The effect of maintenance temperature on shelf life stability of encapsulated LAB was found highest; 82 ± 2.5% at 4 °C after 12 months study as compared to 37 °C.
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Antioxidant study and phenolic content of Caralluma fimbriata herb
  • Jan 2014
  • WJPR
  • 565-575
  • J Disouza
  • A Patil
Disouza J and Patil A. "Antioxidant study and phenolic content of Caralluma fimbriata herb". World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 3.7 (2014): 565-575.