... In addition, a combination of media influence and stakeholder recommendation [64], implementation-based [29], and experience-based criteria have also been used [31,91]. In six articles, the criteria for the selection of PDs were unclear or unspecified [39,47,50,76,143,145] and in the remaining papers, the selection of PDs does not apply as they are systematic reviews [20,57,59,63] and adoption program papers that are implemented based on best practices identified from other positive deviant practices [28,51,54,67,92,119]. However, performance-based criteria have been used to identify PDs at individual, health facility or health system levels in majority of the articles [11, 23, 24, 26, 27, 30, 32, 33, 35-38, 40-46, 48, 53, 55, 56, 60-62, 65, 66, 68-75, 77, 78, 80-88, 90, 93, 95-97, 99-105, 107-118, 121, 122, 124-142, 144]. ...