![explicitly shows where the investigation took place, San Borja Norte Avenue, from block 10, intersection with Av. San Luis, up to block 14, meeting with Av. Boulevard de Surco, also San Borja Sur Avenue from block 9, intersection with Av. San Luis, to block 14, intersection with Av. Boulevard de Surco. [15]](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/356670090/figure/fig4/AS:1098221162119172@1638847737342/explicitly-shows-where-the-investigation-took-place-San-Borja-Norte-Avenue-from-block_Q320.jpg)
Available via license: CC BY 3.0
Content may be subject to copyright.
Journal of Physics: Conference Series
PAPER • OPEN ACCESS
Recovery of residual public spaces to improve the
quality of life of the inhabitants of San Borja, Lima
To cite this article: O Facho et al 2021 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 2089 012051
View the article online for updates and enhancements.
You may also like
The thermodynamic limit and black hole
entropy in the area ensemble
J Fernando Barbero G and Eduardo J S
Villaseñor
-
The structure characterization of MoS2
and WS2 catalysts by HREM
F Pedraza, J Cruz-Reyes, D Acosta et al.
-
Black hole entropy in loop quantum gravity
Iván Agulló, J Fernando Barbero G, E F
Borja et al.
-
This content was downloaded from IP address 181.214.177.13 on 01/12/2021 at 17:22
Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution
of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.
Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd
AMSE 2021
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2089 (2021) 012051
IOP Publishing
doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2089/1/012051
1
Recovery of residual public spaces to improve the quality of
life of the inhabitants of San Borja, Lima.
O Facho1, T Cama2, D Esenarro3J Livia4, C Cueto5and D Ramos6
1,2,3,4,5,6Federico Villarreal National University UNFV- Lima Peru
3Specialized Institute for Ecosystems and Natural Resources Research (INERN)-UNFV
4Graduate School- EUPG- UNFV Peru
3desenarro@ufv.edu.pe
Abstract. The present research aims to propose a model for the recovery of residual public
spaces to improve the quality of life of the district of San Borja´s inhabitants. San Borja is in
the process of densification and requires a more significant number of public spaces that offer,
in addition to vegetation, public places for active and passive recreation, such as spaces for
sports and games, walking pets, and relaxation. These needs have increased due to the
confinement caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Also, it was noted that the median strip, or
central reservation of the avenue, can be recovered for people to use. Therefore, a four-phase
study was carried out that included reviewing the literature and observing two cases. In
conclusion, a model was proposed to recover the public space of the median strips of San Borja
Norte Avenue and San Borja Sur Avenue to improve the quality of life of the inhabitants of
San Borja, which can be replicated in other avenues with residual spaces with similar
characteristics.
Index Terms—Residual Public Space, quality of life, Social Integration, Urban Design,
Sustainable Public Space
1. Introduction
Residual or empty spaces are of great value in an urban environment because of their potential to
correct the deficit of open spaces in congested cities. [1]. In many cities of the world, these spaces are
ignored or underused; they are useless, abandoned spaces, intermediate areas between the public and
the private [2], being able to join the network of public recreation spaces to make them pleasant for
people, associated with the life of the inhabitants and thus achieve the improvement of the quality of
life. Residuals or voids are of great value in an urban environment because of their potential to correct
the deficit of open spaces in congested cities. Residual spaces also appear as a result of the planning
process [3]. They are located at street crossings, between buildings, under bridges, or elevated
highways. They are also sometimes called in-between spaces and lost spaces. The residual spaces
seem to drag on the city; they are abandoned and host informal activities [4]. On the other hand, they
can represent a source of income and allow community participation, which could be part of the
sustainable development of cities since they can be exploited and oriented to community service and
offer jobs. These spaces have a potential that can be harnessed through reuse [5], becoming critical
strategic locations for "green urban development". In cities, people's social life requires open public
spaces, so it is essential to examine the quality and design of these spaces and, through critical
projects, transform them into welcoming places where general activities are scheduled, significantly to
AMSE 2021
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2089 (2021) 012051
IOP Publishing
doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2089/1/012051
2
reduce the impact of COVID. 19 pandemic and meet the needs of social interaction through usable
residual spaces [6]. The district has the particularity of having two ample avenues with wide central
separators, abundant trees, and many green areas, which cross the section from West to East, which
are used for landscaping. These unused spaces are residual spaces. The problem is that, given the
densification, with housings that are expected to be of high quality, it is necessary to increase the
public spaces conditioned [7] for the active and passive recreation of the growing population,
identifying the residual areas—from San Borja Norte and San Borja Sur avenues, creating spaces that
respond to the needs of users, generating quality of life and integration of residents and visitors. These
residual spaces do not offer places to develop recreational activities or the urban furniture necessary to
provide comfort and safety to the neighbors. For these reasons, a model for the recovery of residual
public spaces is proposed, which, well designed, promotes outdoor activity, social communication,
social coexistence in the community, and improved quality of life of the inhabitants of San Borja, In
Lima city. [8]
2. Literature review
2.1. Residual public spaces
Residual public spaces are publicly owned land with the potential to be exploited. However, they must
be equipped and implemented to provide a function that provides a better quality of life for people.
These spaces are also known as lost spaces [9], which are underused, without a specific function, or
empty or abandoned [10]. These spaces are an opportunity to develop a public space with a sustainable
urban design or in many cities in the United States. Residents and business owners along a road with
residual spaces have adapted them for various transit activities [11].
Figure 1. Application of design criteria on the road.
2.2 Calidad de vida e integración de usuarios
In public spaces, people interact, interact with family and friends, and make it easier for the
community to get to know each other, incorporating people of any age and culture, without restriction,
sharing recreational and rest activities [12], so improves the quality of life of users who live around
and outside [16]. A recreational area with vegetation can reduce air pollution and relieve stress for
people, improving the quality of life by offering a healthy place to users [13]. A public space can
provide quality of life when it offers health and sociability, favoring community cohesion. The
sedentary life and the confinement generated by the COVID-19 pandemic [14] have caused the
impoverishment of the quality of life in health and social integration. Still, a public recreational space
that observes the recommended health protocols can recover them.
AMSE 2021
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2089 (2021) 012051
IOP Publishing
doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2089/1/012051
3
Figure 2. Application of design criteria on the road.
3. Methodology
3.1. Study phases
The study was conducted by reviewing the bibliography and gathering information from the study
area.
Figure 3. Study phases.
3.2 Place of Study
The place of study was developed in the department of Lima, province of Lima, in the district of San
Borja. It is located in the geographical coordinates 12°06’28’’ South latitude y 76°59’56’’ West
longitude, with an altitude of 143 meters above sea level [18].
AMSE 2021
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2089 (2021) 012051
IOP Publishing
doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2089/1/012051
4
Figure 4. Location of Av. San Borja Norte and Av. San Borja Sur, District of San Borja, City of
Lima, Peru.
Figure 4 explicitly shows where the investigation took place, San Borja Norte Avenue, from block 10,
intersection with Av. San Luis, up to block 14, meeting with Av. Boulevard de Surco, also San Borja
Sur Avenue from block 9, intersection with Av. San Luis, to block 14, intersection with Av. Boulevard
de Surco. [15]
3.2.1 Climatología
The climate of San Borja is temperate-warm and without abrupt variations [19]; this is because it is
located in Lima, which has an arid and temperate climate, with a deficiency of rains in all seasons of
the year [16].
Figure 5. Average temperature and precipitations (a), Cloudy sky, sun, and precipitation days (b)
Figure 5(a) shows that the average temperature varies between 23 °C and 18 °C. Precipitation is
scarce; there are drizzles in the winter months, especially. The maximum temperature, in March,
exceeds 25 °C, also in (b), we can see that most of the year is partially cloudy, it is shown that in June
and July they have the least number of cloudy days, in addition to January and February are the
months that have the most overcast days. The average annual humidity is above 95% [20].
(a)
(b)
AMSE 2021
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2089 (2021) 012051
IOP Publishing
doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2089/1/012051
5
Figure 6. wind speeds (a), compass rose (b)
Figure 6 (a) shows that in July, there are more days with winds with speeds below 38 km / h, in
September and October, there are fewer winds with speeds below 5 km / h, also in (b) shows that the
prevailing winds are from the southwest with a maximum speed of 38 km / h.
3.2.2 Flora
San Borja has 1´345,503.2 m2 of green areas, of which 64,130.07 m2 are under the administration of
Metropolitan Lima, and 29,973.62 m2 are under the Autonomous Authority of the Electric Train; the
rest is in charge of the local administration. San Borja has 55 parks with a total of 575,063 m2 and
avenues with green central divisions, observing a harmonious landscape throughout the district. Public
parks represent 43.4% of total green areas. The district has an average of 11. 95 m2 of green area per
inhabitant exceeding what is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) of between 9
and 12 m2 of green areas per inhabitant; this indicator highlights the level of quality of life in a district
or a city and 25 species of trees native to Peru were distinguished.
Figure 7. Distribution of tree species of the district of San Borja.
Figure 7 shows the different tree species from the forest inventory provided by the San Borja district.
In San Borja, 88 tree species were identified, predominantly Delonix Regia, commonly called
Ponciana Real with 23%, and Ficus Nitida with 13%, commonly called Ficus Verde.
(b)
(a)
AMSE 2021
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2089 (2021) 012051
IOP Publishing
doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2089/1/012051
6
Table 1: Data of the two most common tree species on Av. San Borja Norte, Av. San Borja Sur.
Scientific name
Common
name
High
Type of cup
Diameter
Delonix Regia
Ponciana
real
6 – 8 m
Parasolada
5 – 6 m
Ficus Nitida
Ficus verde
30 m
Round
50 m
3.2.3 Irrigation system
San Borja has an Ecological and Biophysical Plant for the treatment of contaminated waters from the
Surco River, as shown in figure 8, to be used only for the irrigation of green areas, minimizing the
environmental impact, and performing adequate health management.
Figure 8. MINAM irrigation system (a), water treatment plant of the Surco River, Municipality of San
Borja (b).
Figure 8 (a) shows that the Surco river passes through the district of San Borja, which is a channel that
comes from the Rimac river, also in (b) shows that its waters are used by the treatment plant located in
the La Felicidad park, where the contaminated water is treated and stored in a cistern, then pumped
into the sprinkler irrigation system.
3.2.4 Fauna
The fauna of the San Borja district is made up of birds such as the white-tailed (Zenaida auriculata).
This species has better adapted to the changes produced by urban growth, the common pigeon
(Columba Livia) and the sparrow (Passer domesticus), those that inhabit the vegetation of the district.
In addition, there are species such as the common snail (Helix aspersa) and rodents such as the mouse
(Mus musculus) or the rat (Rattus rattus), which are attracted by the organic waste produced in the
district [19].
(a)
(b)
AMSE 2021
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2089 (2021) 012051
IOP Publishing
doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2089/1/012051
7
3.2.5 Población
According to the Census carried out in 2017 in the province of Lima, the district of San Borja has a
registered population of 116,906 inhabitants, of which 57,642 are men and 59,264 are women, and its
population density is 11,370.18 [18].
Figure 9. The population of the district of San Borja is according to their age and sex.
The population of San Borja has been studied, figure 9, and in the case of 0 - 15 years, the population
is around 16,780 inhabitants, age in which they need recreational spaces. Currently, there are none in
the sections of Av. San Borja North and Av. San Borja Sur. Almost 30% of the female population is
over 60 years old and requires rest furniture such as benches, which, in the Av. San Borja Norte
section, we only find five, which are insufficient. [20]
3.3. Land use
Current situation Av. San Borja Norte and Av. San Borja Sur
The selected roads are av. San Borja Norte, from block 10, intersection with Av. San Luis, up to block
14, intersection with Av. Boulevard de Surco, and Av. San Borja Sur from block 10, intersection with
Av. San Luis, up to block 14, intersection with Av. Boulevard de Surco.
Figure 10 Zoning map San Borja - Av. San Borja Norte y Sur
RDB
Low density
residential
RDM
Medium density
residential
RDA
High density
residential
CZ
Comerce zonal
CV
Comerce local
AMSE 2021
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2089 (2021) 012051
IOP Publishing
doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2089/1/012051
8
Figure 10 shows that the zoning of Av. San Borja Norte and Av. San Borja Sur is high-density
residential (RDA), and the commercial sector is located at the intersection with Av. San Luis. It was
observed that the current use of residential land with single-family homes, multi-family homes,
commerce with multi-family and single business. This research allows us to understand the current
distribution and zoning (See figure 11).
Figure 11 Current use of Av. San Borja Norte (a) y Av. San Borja Sur(b)
It is observed in figure 11 (a) that in av. San Borja Norte has a predominance of 42 single-family
homes, 48 are multifamily, 2 are multifamily plus businesses, and 3 are only businesses, also in (b)
shows that in av. San Borja Sur Norte has a predominance of 42 single-family homes, 48 are multi-
family, 2 are multi-family plus businesses, and 3 are just businesses.
3.4 General characteristics
The two selected roads, Av. San Borja Norte and San Borja Sur, currently have a road, a berm, a
sidewalk, a central separator, and also a bike lane.
Figure 12 Plan and section of Av. San Borja Sur from block 10 to 14.
Av. San Borja Sur, from blocks 10 to 14, a central arborized separator was observed, with a 34 m
section showing landscaped treatment and a 2.10 m wide bike/pedestrian lane. The sidewalk on the
wall perimeter has a team that varies from 1.20 m to 1.50 m and a berm 3.30 m wide, see figure 12.
AMSE 2021
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2089 (2021) 012051
IOP Publishing
doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2089/1/012051
9
Figure 13 Plan and section of Av. San Borja Norte from block 10 to 14.
Av. San Borja Norte, from blocks 10 to 14, a central arborized separator, varies between 20 m and 66
m wide section showing landscaped treatment and a 2.10 m wide bike/pedestrian lane. The sidewalk
on the perimeter of the separator has a team that varies from 1.20 m to 1.50 m, and a berm 3.30 m
wide, see figure 12. [6]
Table 2: Road and citizen security of Av. San Borja Norte and Av. San Borja
Road and citizen security
Av. San Borja Sur
The road only has two security cameras and four
hydrants.
The road has traffic lights at the junctions with Av.
San Luis, Av. Boulevard de Surco, and Ca. Rousseau, and
signage with all the streets and shreds.
Av. San Borja Norte
The road only has four security cameras and three
hydrants.
The road has traffic lights at the junctions with Av.
San Luis, Av. Boulevard de Surco, and Ca. Liszt, and signage
with all the streets and shreds.
4. Results
In the proposals given, the principle of intermodality was applied, which consists of the sections
having different types of activities and that they can coexist, through rest areas, recreation areas,
recreation areas, and bike lanes, and prioritizing mobility sustainability.
AMSE 2021
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2089 (2021) 012051
IOP Publishing
doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2089/1/012051
10
Figure 14 Proposal plan of Av. San Borja Norte from block 10 to 14 (a) and Av. San Borja Sur from
block 10 to 15 (b)
The proposals cover the variables of environmental sustainability, universal accessibility, road safety,
uses, economy, citizen security, comfort, and landscaping, which can be seen in figure 14 of av—San
Borja Norte (b).
4.1. Environmental Sustainability
Sustainability in saving non-renewable resources, through the use of Led lighting and the use of solar
panels, technical drip irrigation by laying a network of pipes, and the location of cisterns at specific
points. Environmental sustainability through the selection of leafy trees with the capacity to absorb
greenhouse gases, which both consume little water and produce shade, and the use of durable
materials that do not require much maintenance, use of recycled and recyclable materials, use of
containers. that secrete waste to take advantage of it. Sustainability in promoting sustainable transport
through bike lanes and bicycles that the municipality provides free to neighbors, and the incentive for
people to walk through attractive and safe spaces. [12,17]
(a)
(b)
AMSE 2021
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2089 (2021) 012051
IOP Publishing
doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2089/1/012051
11
Figure 15 Current photography Av. San Borja Norte (a) and Av. San Borja Sur(a’). Design proposal
Av. San Borja Norte (b) and Av. San Borja Sur(b’)
4.2. Universal Accessibility
An infrastructure that combines constructive and operational elements was proposed for the
comfortable movement of people with disabilities, children, and the elderly. To achieve this, different
parts were presented: ramps with international standards, auditory traffic lights, tactile pruning strips,
colors, textures, and, in some cases, railings. [5]
Figure 16 Current photography Av. San Borja Norte (a) and Av. San Borja Sur(a’). Design proposal
Av. San Borja Norte (b) and Av. San Borja Sur(b’)
4.3. Road Safety
To prevent automobile accidents, measures were proposed for calm traffic, such as signage, bollards,
and flat bulls' backs. The places identified for pedestrian cruises can be used even at night.
(a)
(a’)
(b)
(b’)
(a)
(a’)
(b)
(b’)
AMSE 2021
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2089 (2021) 012051
IOP Publishing
doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2089/1/012051
12
Figure 17 Current photography Av. San Borja Norte (a) and Av. San Borja Sur(a’). Design proposal
Av. San Borja Norte (b) and Av. San Borja Sur(b’)
4.4. Uses
The proposal is that different types of activities can take place in space: rest, recreation, sports, culture,
circulation, and that the different types of users can make use of the rooms in harmony. Areas of the
interaction of various activities were proposed for the recreation of people. [11]
Figure 18 Current photography Av. San Borja Norte (a) and Av. San Borja Sur(a’). Design proposal
Av. San Borja Norte (b) and Av. San Borja Sur(b’)
4.5. Economy
Spaces for social integration and areas for sports and recreational activities have been proposed; these
require some food and hydration services, so kiosks were raised, which generate a profit for the
municipality, which will invest in the maintenance of public spaces. In addition, by achieving living
spaces, where cultural, social, sports, and recreational activities are promoted, with a varied audience,
(a’)
(b’)
(a)
(b)
(a)
(a’)
(b)
(b’)
AMSE 2021
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2089 (2021) 012051
IOP Publishing
doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2089/1/012051
13
capital gains are generated since many people want to live in attractive places close to recreation and
sports.
Figure 19 Current photography Av. San Borja Norte (a) and Av. San Borja Sur(a’). Design proposal
Av. San Borja Norte (b) and Av. San Borja Sur(b’)
4.6. Public Security
It was proposed to locate a public lighting network with led lighting, which gives greater security to
recreation areas and pedestrian paths, to be able to be used even at night.
Figure 20 Current photography Av. San Borja Norte (a) and Av. San Borja Sur(a’). Design proposal
Av. San Borja Norte (b) and Av. San Borja Sur(b’)
(a’)
(b’)
(a)
(b)
(a)
(a’)
(b)
(b’)
AMSE 2021
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2089 (2021) 012051
IOP Publishing
doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2089/1/012051
14
4.7. Comfort
Furniture was proposed that responds to the needs of the users, such as benches to rest with shade,
good lighting, trash cans at distances of 5 m to 6 m in the respective sections, snack kiosks, children's
games, mini gyms, spaces for various activities or multipurpose squares, drinking fountains, bike lanes
and sidewalks that measure from 1.20 to 1.50, which allow you to walk simultaneously. and social
distancing in times of pandemic. [3,7]
Figure 21 Current photography Av. San Borja Norte (a) and Av. San Borja Sur(a’). Design proposal
Av. San Borja Norte (b) and Av. San Borja Sur(b’)
4.8. Landscaping
Design with the use of colors, textures, vegetation, and surface materials creates a good image and an
attractive space for users. The proposed vegetation is made up of trees selected by family, size, or
shape, depending on the climate since some trees turn a lot on the environment where they are planted
and shrubs and grasses found in the stretch. The design of the proposed furniture, such as benches,
pergolas, lighthouses, sinks, was thought more than all the styles in the environment of the place, plus
the landscaping harmonizing nature with the built landscape.
Figure 22 Current photography Av. San Borja Norte (a) and Av. San Borja Sur(a’). Design proposal
Av. San Borja Norte (b) and Av. San Borja Sur(b’).
(a)
(a’)
(b)
(b’)
(a)
(b)
(a’)
(b’)
AMSE 2021
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2089 (2021) 012051
IOP Publishing
doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2089/1/012051
15
5. Conclusions
Residual spaces are existing public areas in the urban context. In the San Borja district, two residual
spaces were identified in two of the most important roads in the neighborhood, with great exploitable
potential to serve the community. The intervention in these spaces requires a sociocultural, physical,
and environmental study that allows generating a model of recovery of public spaces to improve the
inhabitants' quality of life. The district is densified, and public openings for recreation are not
projected to meet the population's needs in the future. To revitalize the residual areas in a way that
attracts the community and satisfies their recreation and health needs, the sustainability criteria have
been considered in the proposal: Universal Accessibility, Road Safety, Public Safety, Comfort,
Landscaping, Connectivity, Economy, Uses. The recovery process of urban spaces has a positive
impact on the quality of life of the inhabitants.
References
[1] Amera, M., Mustafab, A., Tellerb, J., Attiaa, S., Reiterb, S. A methodology to determine the
potential of urban densification through roof stacking. [Internet]. 2017. Disponible en:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2017.09.021
[2] Chen, Y., Liu, T., Xie, X., Golicnik, B. What Attracts People to Visit Community Open
Spaces? A Case Study of the Overseas Chinese Town Community in Shenzhen, China.
[Internet]. 2016. Disponible en: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/13/7/644/pdf
[3] Eissa, M., Khalil, M. From appropriation to formal intervention: An analytical framework for
understanding the appropriation process in residual spaces of Cairo. [Internet]. 2019. Disponible
en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095263519300214?via%3Dihub
[4] Mafoz, M. The impact of open spaces in the social life; the case of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
[Tesis de Doctorado]. 2019. Department of ArchitecturalTechnology (TA) Universidad
Politécnica de Cataluña, UPC. Disponible en:
https://www.tesisenred.net/handle/10803/668278#page=1
[5] Municipalidad de san borja. plan urbano distrital de san borja 2020-2030. [Internet]. 2019.
Disponible en: http://www.munisanborja.gob.pe/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Parte-4-
Diagn%C3%B3stico-distrital.pdf
[6] Manta, S., Dos Santos, A., Ferreira A., Bertoldo, T., Rech, C. Espaços públicos de lazer e
estruturas para atividade física: estudo de observação sistemática do ambiente. [Internet]. 2018.
Disponible en: https://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1980-
00372018000500445
[7] Ghodousi, M., Choi, S. Comparison between Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Methods and
Evaluating the Quality of Life at Different Spatial Levels. [Internet]. 2021. Disponible en:
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/7/4067
[8] Orellana, Arturo. 10 años calidad de vida urbana. Instituto de Estudios Urbanos, Santiago de
Chile. [Internet]. 2020. Disponible en: https://estudiosurbanos.uc.cl/wp-
content/uploads/2020/12/45151-2.pdf
[9] Sonza, A., de Sá-Caputo, D., Sartorio, A., Tamini, S., Seixas, A., Sanudo, B., Süßenbach, J.,
Provenza, M., Xavier, V., Taiar, R., Bernardo-Filho. M. COVID- 9 Lockdown and the Behavior
Change on Physical Exercise, Pain and Psychological Well-Being: An International
Multicentric Study. [Internet]. 2021. Disponible en: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-
4601/18/7/3810/htm
[10] MINISTERIO DE VIVIENDA Y URBANISMO GOBIERNO DE CHILE, PNUD, Gehl, J.
La dimensión humana en el espacio público. Recomendaciones para el análisis y el diseño.
[Internet]. 2017. Disponible en: https://www.minvu.cl/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/La-
dimension-humana.pdf
[11] El Messeidy, R. Tactical Urbanism as an Approach to Reuse Residual Spaces. [Internet].
2019. Disponible en:
AMSE 2021
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2089 (2021) 012051
IOP Publishing
doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2089/1/012051
16
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341942166_Tactical_Urbanism_as_an_Approach_to_
Reuse_Residual_Spaces
[12] INEI. Compendio estadístico 2019 [Internet]. 2019. Disponible en:
https://www.inei.gob.pe/media/MenuRecursivo/publicaciones_digitales/Est/Lib1714/Libro.pdf
[13] MUNICIPALIDAD DE SAN BORJA. Reseña histórica del distrito de San Borja. [Internet].
2021. Disponible en: http://www.munisanborja.gob.pe/cultura/turismo/resena-del-distrito.html
[14] SENAMHI. Climas del Perú. [Internet]. 2020. Disponible en:
https://idesep.senamhi.gob.pe/geonetwork/srv/api/records/9f18b911-64af-4e6b-bbef-
272bb20195e4/attachments/Resumen%20ejecutivo%20Climas%20del%20Peru%CC%81.pdf
[15] Salazar A. Eficiencia hídrica en el mantenimiento de áreas verdes públicas en zonas urbanas
desérticas: el caso del distrito de San Borja, Lima. [Internet]. 2017. Disponible en:
http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/bitstream/handle/20.500.12404/9224/salazar_toledo_eficienc
ia_hidrica_en_el_mantenimiento_de_areas_verdes_publicas_en_zonas_urbanas_deserticas.pdf?
sequence=1&isallowed=y
[16] El Peruano. ORDENANZA N° 573-MSB [Internet].2016. Disponible en:
https://busquedas.elperuano.pe/normaslegales/aprueban-la-politica-ambiental-local-ordenanza-
no-573-msb-1459195-1/
[17] Municipalidad de San Borja. PLAN DE DESARROLLO CONCERTADO LOCAL AÑO
2017 AL 2021 [Internet]. 2016. Disponible en:
http://www.munisanborja.gob.pe/dmdocuments/PLAN_DE_DESARROLLO_CONCERTADO
_LOCAL_2017_2021.pdf
[18] SINIA. Superficie de área verde urbana por habitante. [Internet]. 2016. Disponible en:
https://sinia.minam.gob.pe/indicador/1617
[19] Capristan R. Manejo de áreas verdes en el Distrito de Chaclacayo. [Internet]. 2017. Disponible
en: https://repositorio.lamolina.edu.pe/bitstream/handle/UNALM/3470/P01-C3774-
T.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
[20] Guzmán E. Gestión de municipios ecoeficientes en la municipalidad distrital de San Borja:
una mirada desde el paradigma sostenible 2016. [Internet]. 2017. Disponible en:
https://repositorio.ucv.edu.pe/handle/20.500.12692/14561
