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Understanding Quantum Technologies

November 2021

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CC BY-NC-ND 4.0

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Understanding Quantum Technologies is a 836 pages creative-commons ebook that provides a unique 360 degrees overview of quantum technologies from science and technology to geopolitical and societal issues. It covers quantum physics history, quantum physics 101, gate-based quantum computing, quantum computing engineering, quantum computing hardware and vendors, quantum enabling technologies, quantum computing algorithms, software development tools and use cases, quantum telecommunications and cryptography, quantum sensing, quantum technologies around the world, quantum technologies societal impact and even quantum fake sciences. The main audience are computer science engineers, developers and IT specialists as well as quantum scientists and students who want to acquire a global view of how quantum technologies work, and particularly quantum computing.

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Mitigating the quantum hype

January 2022

Olivier Ezratty

We are in the midst of quantum hype with some excessive claims of quantum computing potential, many vendors' and even some research organizations' exaggerations, and a funding frenzy for very low technology readiness level startups. Governments are contributing to this hype with their large quantum initiatives and their technology sovereignty aspirations. Technology hypes are not bad per se since ... [Show full abstract] they create emulation, drive innovations and also contribute to attracting new talents. It works as scientists and vendors deliver progress and innovation on a continuous basis after a so-called peak of expectations. It fails with exaggerated overpromises and underdeliveries that last too long. It can cut short research and innovation funding in the mid to long term. After looking at the shape and form of technology and science hypes and driving some lessons from past technology hypes, we investigate the current quantum hype phenomenon and identify some of its specifics. We find that, although there is some significant uncertainty on the potential to create real scalable quantum computers, the scientific and vendor fields are relatively solid compared to other technology hypes. Also, quantum technologies comprise other fields like quantum telecommunications and quantum sensing with a higher technology readiness level, which are less prone to hype. We then make some proposals to mitigate the potential negative effects of the current quantum hype including recommendations on scientific communication to strengthen the trust in quantum science, vendor behavior improvements, benchmarking methodologies, public education and putting in place a responsible research and innovation approach. All-in-all, it is about restoring the role of science and scientists in the current debates.

Article

Perspective on superconducting qubit quantum computing

May 2023 · European Physical Journal A

Olivier Ezratty

This perspective describes the history, scientific and technology developments of superconducting qubit-based quantum computers, which are currently dominant, particularly with industry vendors. Adopting an engineering viewpoint, it showcases the great diversity of technology options, explains how superconducting qubit chipsets are manufactured, describes some challenges with how qubits are ... [Show full abstract] driven by classical electronics, how to improve their fidelities and how their energetic footprint can be optimized. We also briefly describe the current status of so-called NISQ (noisy intermediate scale quantum) computers and the resource estimations to run their potential use cases, particularly for running quantum many-body physics simulations.

Article

Quantum Computing and Communications – An Engineering Approach

January 2005

Quantum computing holds the promise of solving problems that would be intractable with conventional computers by implementing principles from quantum physics in the development of computer hardware, software and communications equipment. Quantum-assisted computing will be the first step towards full quantum systems, and will cause immense disruption of our traditional networks. The world's ... [Show full abstract] biggest manufacturers are investing large amounts of resources to develop crucial quantum-assisted circuits and devices. Quantum Computing and Communications: Gives an overview of basic quantum computing algorithms and their enhanced versions such as efficient database searching, counting and phase estimation. Introduces quantum-assisted solutions for telecom problems including multi-user detection in mobile systems, routing in IP based networks, and secure ciphering key distribution. Includes an accompanying website featuring exercises (with solution manual) and sample algorithms from the classical telecom world, corresponding quantum-based solutions, bridging the gap between pure theory and engineering practice. This book provides telecommunications engineers, as well as graduate students and researchers in the fields of computer science and telecommunications, with a wide overview of quantum computing & communications and a wealth of essential, practical information.

Chapter

Quantum Algorithms: Application Perspective

January 2021

In the last two decades, the interest in quantum computation has increased significantly among research communities. Quantum computing is the field that investigates the computational power and other properties of computers on the basis of the underlying quantum-mechanical principles. The main purpose is to find quantum algorithms that are significantly faster than any existing classical ... [Show full abstract] algorithms solving the same problem. While the quantum computers currently freely available to wider public count no more than two dozens of qubits, and most recently developed quantum devices offer some 50-60 qubits, quantum computer hardware is expected to grow in terms of qubit counts, fault tolerance, and resistance to decoherence. The main objective of this chapter is to present an introduction to the core quantum computing algorithms developed thus far for the field of cryptography.