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Abstract
A participatory monitoring programme of an exceptional modification of urban soundscapes during Covid-19 containment.
... During the lockdown the percentage of time the sound levels exceeded 55 dB was greatly reduced (Basu et al. 2021) supporting less noisy transportation methods, like bikes in the future to reduce noise levels and associated health issues. Another sound-level study is currently underway, which allows general citizens to participate by placing recorders on their residence in urban and suburban areas (Challéat et al. 2020). The data will be available to the public (https://osf.io/h285u/) ...
... The data will be available to the public (https://osf.io/h285u/) through Open Science Foundation (OSF) (Challéat et al. 2020). The project has recorded sound levels during COVID-19 lockdowns and then during the resumption of normal activities. ...
Computerized Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have been in use since the 1960s, but recently the rapid spread of the highly contagious COVID-19 disease, caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus, has led to unprecedented interest in and reliance on geospatial data and visualizations to help monitor and control the resultant pandemic. Geospatial factors such as human proximity, movement, and interaction, play a central role in this pandemic and the widespread availability of geospatial data from remote sensing and Global Positioning System technologies are fostering GIS analyses and dashboards that communicate information about its spread. Advances in computing technology are now capable of supporting near-real-time visualization of COVID-19 cases where space-time analysis and GIS software limitations were formerly a bottleneck for epidemiological studies. This chapter describes the current status of the COVID-19 pandemic and defines GIS terms that should be considered when reviewing COVID-19 geospatial analysis as many maps have been created hastily. Examples are provided of near-real-time surveillance websites, and other spatial analyses that show the impact of COVID-19 lockdowns on the environment, including effects on wildlife, air pollution, noise pollution, and water turbidity. Wastewater based epidemiology is discussed as traces of virus components in sewage can also be used to monitor COVID-19 cases. Finally, new and emerging technologies such as contact tracing applications using mobile technology, drones, and robots that reduce human exposure to the virus are discussed as applied to the pandemic. Recommendations are made for improving GIS applications for future pandemics.
... There are methods of reducing the computational demand of these methods, for example recording a 1-min video every 15 min rather than capturing continuous video footage, as is the case for audio recordings (e.g. Silent Cities Project; Challéat et al., 2020). ...
Research in freshwater ecosystems has always had a strong focus on ecological interactions. The vast majority of studies, however, have investigated trophic interactions and food webs, overlooking a wider suite of non‐trophic interactions (e.g. facilitation, competition, symbiosis and parasitism) and the ecological networks they form.
Without a complete understanding of all potential interactions, ranging from mutualistic through to antagonistic, we may be missing important ecological processes with consequences for ecosystem assembly, structure and function. Ecological networks can be constructed at different scales, from genes to ecosystems, but also local to global, and as such there is significant opportunity to put them to work in freshwater research.
To expand beyond food webs, we need to leverage technological and methodological advances and look to recent research in marine and terrestrial systems—which are far more advanced in terms of detecting, measuring and contextualising ecological interactions.
Future studies should look to emerging technologies to aid in merging the wide range of ecological interactions in freshwater ecosystems into networks to advance our understanding and ultimately increase the efficacy of conservation, management, restoration and other applications.
Political responses to the COVID-19 pandemic led to changes in city soundscapes around the globe.From March to October 2020, a consortium of 261 contributors from 35 countries brought togetherby the Silent Cities project built a unique soundscape recordings collection to report on local acousticchanges in urban areas. We present this collection here, along with metadata including observationaldescriptions of the local areas from the contributors, open-source environmental data, open-sourceconfinement levels and calculation of acoustic descriptors. We performed a technical validation of thedataset using statistical models run on a subset of manually annotated soundscapes. Results confirmedthe large-scale usability of ecoacoustic indices and automatic sound event recognition in the SilentCities soundscape collection. We expect this dataset to be useful for research in the multidisciplinaryfield of environmental sciences.
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