Content uploaded by Kee-Man Chuah
Author content
All content in this area was uploaded by Kee-Man Chuah on Nov 09, 2021
Content may be subject to copyright.
APA 7th Edition Referencing and Citation Quick Guide
Compiled by CKM - 2021 www.chuahkeeman.com
APA 7th Edition Referencing and Citation Quick Guide
This table serves as the summary of the commonly needed referencing and citation format according to the APA Publication Manual (7th Edition). You may
refer to the full manual or follow the key information from https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples#textual-works.
Types
In-text Citations
Reference List
Book & eBook with
DOI
(Ewert et al., 2014)
or
According to Ewert et al. (2014)
Ewert, E. W., Mitten, D. S., & Overholt, J. R. (2014). Natural environments and human
health. CAB International. https://doi.org/10.1079/978184593 9199.0000
Note: Include the DOI using the format https://doi.org/10.xxxx/xxxx
Book & eBook
without DOI
(Foxall, 2018)
Or
According to Foxall (2018)
Foxall, G. R. (2018). Context and cognition in consumer psychology: How perception
and emotion guide action. Routledge.
Note: Do not include the database name or URL. Also note that in the 7th edition, the
place of publication is no longer needed. Only publisher’s name is included.
Chapter in an
edited book or
eBook
(Aron et al., 2019)
Or
Aron et al. (2019)
Aron, L., Botella, M., & Lubart, T. (2019). Culinary arts: Talent and their development.
In R. F. Subotnik, P. Olszewski-Kubilius, & F. C. Worrell (Eds.), The psychology
of high performance: Developing human potential into domain-specific talent (pp.
345–359). American Psychological Association.
https://doi.org/10.1037/0000120-016
Note: Use this format for both print and eBook edited book chapters, including edited
book chapters from academic research databases. Include DOI if online. Please also
take note how the names are given for the Editors, the initials come first.
Article with DOI
from research
databases
(Washington, 2014)
Or
According to Washington (2014)
Washington, E. T. (2014). An overview of cyberbully in higher education. Adult Learning,
26(1), 21–27. https://doi.org/10.1177/1045159514558412
Note: For journals, we italicise the Journal Name and Volume, instead of the article
title. Always find articles from prominent research databases instead of some
random websites, as they may be predatory or fake.
APA 7th Edition Referencing and Citation Quick Guide
Compiled by CKM - 2021 www.chuahkeeman.com
Article without
DOI: From
research
databases, or
From a Print
journal
(Moody, 2019)
Or
According to Moody (2019)
Moody, M. S. (2019). If instructional coaching really works, why isn't it working? Educational
Leadership, 77(3), 30–35.
Note: There is no need to include the retrieved date.
Open access
journal article
without DOI
(Dayton, 2019)
Or
According to Dayton (2019)
Dayton, K. J. (2019). Tangled arms: Modernizing and unifying the arm-of-the-state doctrine.
The University of Chicago Law Review, 86(6), 1497–1737. https://bit.ly/2SkWwcy
Note: Include the URL for articles, you can use URL shortener (e.g. bit.ly, tinyurl.com) if the
URL is too long. But the link must be accessible and directly point to the article.
Conference
paper
presentation
(not published
as a book,
chapter, or in a
journal)
(Mason & Missingham, 2019)
Or
According to Mason and
Missingham (2019)
Mason, I., & Missingham, R. (2019, October 21–25). Research libraries, data curation, and
workflows [Paper presentation]. eResearch Australasia Conference, Brisbane, QLD,
Australia. https://bit.ly/2RGcFdn
Note:
1. Provide the fulld ates of the conference
2. Describe the presentation in square brackets after the title. The description is flexible
(e.g., “[Conference session],” “[Paper presentation],” “[Poster session],” “[Keynote
address]”).
3. Include the name of the conference and its location as shown above.
4. Provide link to the presentation materials (e.g. PDF, video, etc).
Conference
proceedings
published in a
journal
(Duckworth et al., 2019)
Or
According to Duckworth et al. (2019)
Duckworth, A. L., Quirk, A., Gallop, R., Hoyle, R. H., Kelly, D. R., & Matthews, M. D. (2019).
Cognitive and noncognitive predictors of success. Proceedings of the National Academy
of Sciences, USA, 116(47), 23499–23504. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1910510116
Note: Normally Journals will indicate the Proceedings title, if not given, then please cite the
source like a Journal with DOI as shown above instead of conference proceedings.
Conference
proceedings
published as a
book chapter
(Bedenel et al., 2019)
Or
According Bedenel et al. (2019)
Bedenel, A.-L., Jourdan, L., & Biernacki, C. (2019). Probability estimation by an adapted
genetic algorithm in web insurance. In R. Battiti, M. Brunato, I. Kotsireas, & P. Pardalos
(Eds.), Lecture notes in computer science: Vol. 11353. Learning and intelligent
optimization (pp. 225–240). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05348-2_21
Note: This follows the Chapter in a Book format, with the inclusion of DOI.
APA 7th Edition Referencing and Citation Quick Guide
Compiled by CKM - 2021 www.chuahkeeman.com
Report by a
Government
Agency
National Cancer Institute (2019)
Or
According to National Cancer Institute
(2019)
National Cancer Institute. (2019). Taking time: Support for people with cancer (NIH
Publication No. 18-2059). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National
Institutes of Health. https://www.cancer.gov/publications/patient-education/takingtime.pdf
Note: The specific agency responsible for the report appears as the author. The link to the
report should be given. If publication number is given, then include it as well.
White Paper by
a group of
author
(Department for Business Innovation &
Skills, 2016)
Or
According to Department for Business
Innovation & Skills (2016)
Department for Business Innovation & Skills. (2016). Success as a knowledge economy:
Teaching excellent, social mobility and student choice [White paper]. Crown.
https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/523396/bis
-16-265-success-as-a-knowledge-economy.pdf
Note: Include the description “[White paper]” in square brackets after the title of the white
paper.
White paper
with individual
authors
(Furst & DeMillo, 2006)
Or
According to Furst and DeMillo (2006)
Furst, M., & DeMillo, R. A. (2006). Creating symphonic-thinking computer science graduates
for an increasingly competitive global environment [White paper]. Georgia Tech College
of Computing. https://cis.temple.edu/~giorgio/threads_whitepaper.pdf
Note: If individual authors, then list the authors accordingly like other publications.
Published
Dissertation or
Thesis
(Miranda, 2019)
Or
According to Miranda (2019)
Miranda, C. (2019). Exploring the lived experiences of foster youth who obtained graduate
level degrees: Self-efficacy, resilience, and the impact on identity development
(Publication No. 27542827) [Doctoral dissertation, Pepperdine University]. PQDT Open.
https://pqdtopen.proquest.com/doc/2309521814.html?FMT=AI
Notes:
1. A dissertation or thesis is considered published when it is available from a database such
as ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global or PDQT Open, an institutional repository,
or an archive.
2. If the database assigns publication numbers to dissertations and theses, include the
publication number in parentheses after the title of the dissertation or thesis without
italics.
3. Include the description “Doctoral dissertation” or “Master’s thesis” followed by a comma
and the name of the institution that awarded the degree. Place this information in square
brackets after the dissertation or thesis title and any publication number.
APA 7th Edition Referencing and Citation Quick Guide
Compiled by CKM - 2021 www.chuahkeeman.com
Unpublished
Dissertation or
Thesis
(Harris, 2014)
Or
According to Harris (2014)
Harris, L. (2014). Instructional leadership perceptions and practices of elementary school
leaders [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. University of Virginia.
Notes:
1. A dissertation or thesis is considered as unpublished when you gain access through
direct reading at specific library/repository but not accessibly publicly. If you find it online
following published dissertation or thesis reference shown above.
2. When a dissertation or thesis is unpublished, include the description “[Unpublished
doctoral dissertation]” or “[Unpublished master’s thesis]” in square brackets after the
dissertation or thesis title.
Newspaper
article - Online
(Carey, 2019)
Or
According to Carey (2019)
Carey, B. (2019, March 22). Can we get better at forgetting? The New York Times.
https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/22/health/memory-forgetting-psychology.html
Notes:
1. The article must be with author and specific date.
2. Only the newspaper name is italicised.
Newspaper
article - Printed
(Harlan, 2013)
Or
According to Harlan (2013)
Harlan, C. (2013, April 2). North Korea vows to restart shuttered nuclear reactor that can
make bomb-grade plutonium. The Washington Post, A1, A4.
Notes:
1. The article must be with author and specific date.
2. Only the newspaper name is italicised.
3. The pages of the article must be listed according to how it is labelled in the newspaper
as shown above A1, A4.
Magazine
article - Online
(Schaefer & Shapiro, 2019)
Or
According to Schaefer and Shapiro
(2019)
Schaefer, N. K., & Shapiro, B. (2019, September 6). New middle chapter in the story of
human evolution. Science, 365(6457), 981–982. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aay3550
Schulman, M. (2019, September 9). Superfans: A love story. The New Yorker.
https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2019/09/16/superfans-a-love-story
Notes:
1. Online magazine article follows similar style as Journal but with a specific date.
2. If the magazine article does not have volume, issue, and/or page numbers, then omit
them as shown in the Schulman example.
APA 7th Edition Referencing and Citation Quick Guide
Compiled by CKM - 2021 www.chuahkeeman.com
Magazine
article - Printed
(Lyons, 2009)
Or
According to Lyons (2009)
Lyons, D. (2009, June 15). Don’t ‘iTune’ us: It’s geeks versus writers. Guess who’s winning.
Newsweek, 153(24), 27.
Webpage
(Bologna, 2019)
Or
According to Bologna (2019)
Bologna, C. (2019, October 31). Why some people with anxiety love watching horror movies.
HuffPost. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/anxiety-love-watching-horror-
movies_l_5d277587e4b02a5a5d57b59e
Notes:
1.
You are advised to only use webpages with clear indication of authors and date of
publication.
2.
The name of the website (e.g. HuffPost) should be included before the URL.
3.
No retrieval date is needed when date of publication is given.
Webpage with
no date of
publication.
(U.S. Census Bureau, n.d.)
Or
According to U.S. Census Bureau (n.d.)
U.S. Census Bureau. (n.d.). U.S. and world population clock. U.S. Department of Commerce.
Retrieved January 9, 2020, from https://www.census.gov/popclock/
Notes:
1.
Use (n.d.) when no date is given.
2.
Since no date is given, then you must include the retrieval date as shown above. Give
the date when you access the page or download the material.
PowerPoint
Slide or Lecture
Note
(Jones, 2016)
Or
According to Jones (2016)
Jones, J. (2016, March 23). Guided reading: Making the most of it [PowerPoint slides].
SlideShare. https://www.slideshare.net/hellojenjones/guided-reading-making-the-most-
of-it
Notes:
1.
When the slides are available online to anyone, provide the site name on which they are
hosted in the source element of the reference, followed by the URL of the slides.
2.
Note that the date is also given. Refer to the date when the slides are uploaded (shown
on the website)
APA 7th Edition Referencing and Citation Quick Guide
Compiled by CKM - 2021 www.chuahkeeman.com
YouTube Video
(Asian Boss, 2020)
Or
Asian Boss (2020).
Asian Boss. (2020, June 5). World’s leading vaccine expert fact-checks COVID-19 vaccine
conspiracy: Stay curious #22 [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=WQdLDMLrYIA
Notes:
1. Use the name of the account that uploaded the video as the author. If the author uses
his/her name, then the naming follows Surname, Initials convention like the rest.
2. Include the description “[Video]” in square brackets after the title.
YouTube
channel
(APA Publishing Training, n.d.)
Or
APA Publishing Training (n.d.)
APA Publishing Training. (n.d.). Home [YouTube channel]. Retrieved February 20, 2020,
from https://www.youtube.com/user/PsycINFO/
Notes:
1. YouTube channel pages begin on the “Home” tab by default. If you want to cite one of
the other tabs (e.g., “Videos,” “Playlists”), use the name of that tab rather than “Home” in
the title element of the reference.
2. Include the description “[YouTube channel]” in square brackets after the title.
3.
Provide a retrieval date because the content is designed to change over time and is not
archived
.
Film
(Fleming, 1939)
Or
Fleming (1939)
Fleming, V. (Director). (1939). Gone with the wind [Film]. Selznick International Pictures;
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.
Notes:
1. Provide the director in the author element of the reference, followed by the notation
“(Director).”
2. Provide the production company or companies in the source element of the reference.
Separate multiple production companies with a semicolon.
TV series
(Serling, 1959–1964)
Or
Serling (1959–1964)
Serling, R. (Executive Producer). (1959–1964).
The twilight zone
[TV series]. Cayuga
Productions; CBS Productions.
Notes:
1. Provide the executive producer(s) in the author element of the reference.
2. Provide the year(s) during which the series aired in the date element of the reference.
3. If the series is still airing at the time you are writing the paper, replace the second year
with “present”: (2017–present).
APA 7th Edition Referencing and Citation Quick Guide
Compiled by CKM - 2021 www.chuahkeeman.com
Facebook post
(News from Science, 2019)
Or
News from Science (2019)
News From Science. (2019, June 21). Are you a fan of astronomy? Enjoy reading about what
scientists have discovered in our solar system—and beyond? This [Image attached]
[Status update]. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/ScienceNOW/photos/
a.117532185107/10156268057260108/?type=3&theater
Notes:
1. Use the name associated with the account as the name in the reference.
2. Provide the specific date of the post.
3. Provide the first 20 words of the post as the title. Count a URL or other link, a hashtag,
or an emoji as one word each, and include them in the reference if they fall within the
first 20 words. Do not italicize emojis.
4. If a post includes images, videos, thumbnail links to outside sources, or content from
another post (such as when sharing a link), indicate that in square brackets.
5. Describe the post type (e.g., “[Status update],” “[Video]”) in square brackets after any
description of attached content.
Instagram
photo or video
(Philadelphia Museum of Art, 2019)
Or
Philadelphia Museum of Art (2019)
Philadelphia Museum of Art [@philamuseum]. (2019, December 3). It’s always wonderful to
walk in and see my work in a collection where it’s loved, and where people are
[Photograph]. Instagram. https://www.instagram.com/p/B5oDnnNhOt4/
Notes:
1. Present the name of the individual or group author the same as you would for any
other reference. Then provide the Twitter handle (beginning with the @ sign) in square
brackets, followed by a period.
2. Provide the specific date of the post.
3. Provide the first 20 words of the post as the title. Count a URL or other link, a hashtag,
or an emoji as one word each, and include them in the reference if they fall within the
first 20 words. Do not italicize emojis.
4. Include a description of the post (e.g., “[Photo],” “[Video]”) in square brackets after the
title.
5. The same format is used for TikTok videos.
Tweet
(APA Databases, 2020)
Or
APA Databases (2020)
APA Databases [@APA_Databases]. (2020, September 2). We have curated a collection of
journal articles from APA PsycArticles on #COVID19. View: https://bit.ly/2QrWj76 for
recent coverage [Image attached] [Tweet]. Twitter.
https://twitter.com/APA_Databases/status/1301175576703664128
Notes:
1. Present the name of the individual or group author the same as you would for any
other reference. Then provide the Twitter handle (beginning with the @ sign) in square
APA 7th Edition Referencing and Citation Quick Guide
Compiled by CKM - 2021 www.chuahkeeman.com
brackets, followed by a period.
2. Provide the specific date of the post.
3. Provide the first 20 words of the post as the title. Count a URL or other link, a hashtag,
or an emoji as one word each, and include them in the reference if they fall within the
first 20 words. Do not italicize emojis.
4. If the tweet includes an image, a video, a poll, or a thumbnail image with a link,
indicate that in brackets after the title: [Image attached], [Video attached], [Thumbnail
with link attached].
5. Include the description “[Tweet]” in square brackets after the title.