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Research Article
Logistics and Warehousing Intelligent Management and
Optimization Based on Radio Frequency
Identification Technology
Chenglong Du
Guangdong University of Science and Technology, Dongguan Guangdong 523083, China
Correspondence should be addressed to Chenglong Du; duchenglong@gdust.edu.cn
Received 30 September 2021; Revised 12 October 2021; Accepted 13 October 2021; Published 28 October 2021
Academic Editor: Guolong Shi
Copyright © 2021 Chenglong Du. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License,
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
In today’s competitive global business environment, companies and organizations are emphasizing return on assets. By analyzing
the status quo of Internet of things and warehouse management, this paper puts forward the application of radio frequency
identification technology in logistics warehouse management. Based on the intelligent management of logistics and
warehousing, the overall structure of intelligent management of logistics and warehousing based on radio frequency
identification technology is established, and the functions of each functional module of the system are introduced in detail.
Warehouse management system uses B/S architecture mode design; warehouse management system determines the location of
goods in the warehouse management program, through radio frequency identification technology reader collection of goods in
and out of the warehouse data and data processing results reported to the warehouse management system. Through the
optimization of warehouse management process, the intelligent management of logistics and warehousing is realized efficiently.
By testing the response time of the system and comparing the test efficiency before and after optimization, the reliability and
efficiency of the warehousing intelligent management system are verified, which provides a basis for the study of logistics
warehousing intelligent management.
1. Introduction
As Internet network computing application system is widely
adopted by some companies, for involved department agen-
cies, chain/concessions, and warehouse dispersed locations,
network platform system structure complex large-scale inte-
grated material management information system provides
application platform, and the application of material man-
agement system for the enterprise provides some available
techniques and methods [1]. With the research and develop-
ment of Internet of things technology, radio frequency identi-
fication technology, as one of the important core technologies,
has been rapidly promoted and developed. With the successful
application of radio frequency identification technology in ID
card, ticket system, railway locomotive number identification
system, and networked expressway nonstop charging system,
the radio frequency identification technology industry has
developed rapidly [2]. Material management system has
launched MPR, MPRII, ERP, and other software based on
material management. SAP, ORACLE, IBM, CA, and SSA
are all world-class business software suppliers. Material man-
agement information system uses scientific and modern man-
agement methods based on the network environment and
large database platform for comprehensive management of
logistics and the overall control and management of the mate-
rial flow so that enterprises in the market economy environ-
ment develop and grow. The system makes full use of the
Internet environment and supports LAN and WAN environ-
ment; the material procurement information is open so that
more enterprises bid to improve the quality of shopping and
reduce the cost of shopping. At the same time, online procure-
ment can be carried out, which can increase the transparency
of material procurement, reduce material procurement costs,
and reduce circulation links.
Hindawi
Journal of Sensors
Volume 2021, Article ID 2225465, 11 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/2225465
With the rapid increase of people’s demand for logistics,
logistics data shows explosive growth in a short time. With
the continuous construction of digital logistics warehouse
management, the construction of logistics warehouse man-
agement system has gradually attracted public attention.
Under the influence of the Internet, the management mode
of all walks of life has changed greatly, and the management
of logistics and warehousing has also undergone great
changes under the influence of Internet technology [3].
Logistics warehousing management is the process of keeping
and storing goods in the warehouse by using certain ways
and means. With the gradual development of logistics, ware-
housing has become a particularly important link in the
logistics supply chain and has played a huge role. In order
to improve the level of storage management, scientific man-
agement of storage goods can reduce the storage cost of
goods, but also improve the competitiveness of goods. The
management requirements of enterprises for logistics and
warehousing are not only simple management of goods but
also the process of controlling and managing the flow and
storage of existing goods [4]. The former logistics warehous-
ing management mode is manual management mode,
through the form of bookkeeping to record the goods in
logistics warehousing and warehousing information and
warehousing information [5]. Such management is cumber-
some and has low efficiency and high energy consumption.
The expansion of warehouse management scale also brings
the diversification of system business and the complexity of
functions, which brings a new challenge to the system’s com-
puting and decision-making ability.
Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology com-
pletes contactless ground information transmission through
spatial coupling of radio frequency signals and achieves
identification purposes according to the transmitted infor-
mation [6]. RFID systems are generally composed of elec-
tronic transitions and readers. Among them, there is
electronic data in the electronic tag, which is regarded as
the symbolic information of the object to be identified. The
reader and the e-tag can exchange information according
to the communication protocol. In general, the reader sends
commands to the e-tag, and the e-tag sends identification
data back to the reader according to the received commands
[7]. This kind of communication can realize the construc-
tion of digital logistics storage management system without
contact. Ding et al. designed the warehouse management
system of commercial outlets, designed the technical frame-
work of the system with B/S technology, and used database
and Java in the background to inquire inventory informa-
tion, inbound and outbound, and user information [8]. After
Pluhina et al. grasped their requirements, they designed the
relevant sales warehouse management system, which can
improve the flexibility and real-time performance of enter-
prise code, and the paperless information processing method
can effectively improve the efficiency of sales operation [9].
Ren et al. realize the development of warehouse manage-
ment, comprehensive query management, and warehouse
management through software system design. Managers
can track the inventory of goods in real time through the
system, realize the storage of the number of customers, and
make use of science and network to enable relevant depart-
ments to achieve warehouse management [10]. Li et al.
designed and implemented a warehouse management sys-
tem based on RFID, introduced Web Service technology to
realize data interaction between multiple platforms, and
combined with C/S and B/S architecture to design the sys-
tem. The whole system is compatible with a variety of read-
ing and writing devices and applications [11]. Tang designed
and implemented a warehouse management system using
B/S architecture, which adopted Java WEB three-tier archi-
tecture in J2EE system to reduce coupling degree of the sys-
tem and improve scalability and easy maintenance. SQL
Server was used in database to improve concurrent data
and computing capability of the system [12]. Cui et al. use
AOP technology in the design of its warehouse management
system, which makes the code of the system highly modular-
ized and structured, only paying attention to the local con-
tent while ignoring the information transmission between
modules, reconstructing the business system and simplifying
the system structure [13].
2. Key Technology
2.1. Internet of Things Analysis. With basis and support of
the Internet of things or traditional Internet technology,
through the traditional RFID (radio frequency identifica-
tion) technology, two-dimensional bar code technology,
the information such as camera, infrared sensing, and GPS
sensors, extract the different format information content,
information awareness and capture have real-time perfor-
mance, and through the contract agreement to upload infor-
mation in the Internet content, and the realization of
information exchange and capacitive, but also intelligent
information tracking, identification, and positioning. The
three-tier architecture of the Internet of things mainly
includes the network layer, the perception layer, and the
application layer. Its main purpose is to realize the mutual
communication between objects. Based on the Internet, sen-
sor devices are extended and expanded to create communi-
cation bridges between objects and realize the mutual
communication and transmission of information [13]. The
main features of the Internet of things are as follows: real-
time perception and capture of external environmental
information can be achieved through two-dimensional code
technology, radio frequency identification technology, sen-
sor technology, and camera technology. By analyzing a large
amount of perceptual information and data through a vari-
ety of intelligent computing technologies, intelligent control
and decision-making can be realized. Make the object and
the Internet combine with each other, according to a variety
of communication network technology anytime and any-
where to achieve reliable information interaction transmis-
sion and sharing. The development of the Internet of
things is to enter the next field through the development of
various sensors, RFID technology, video recognition tech-
nology, and positioning technology. Based on the computer
Internet, the terminal sensing device realizes online moni-
toring, control and interconnection, online upgrade, and
alarm linkage through the existing ubiquitous network
2 Journal of Sensors
communication technology, so as to realize the integration
of monitoring and management of all objects. At present,
it is mainly used in intelligent transportation, smart power
grid, smart home, and intelligent logistics.
2.2. Radio Frequency Identification Technology. Radio fre-
quency identification technology is through the magnetic
field, electromagnetic field, the use of radio frequency
through noncontact two-way communication, to achieve
data identification, exchange, and high-speed identification
of moving objects, but also can identify multiple targets.
Attach importance to RFID technology, which can promote
the retail industry automation and rapid development, to
achieve transparent logistics supply chain management.
The working principle of RFID technology is through induc-
tive coupling or electromagnetic scattering coupling, to
achieve contactless information transmission. The coupling
modes of RF signals between electronic tags and readers
mainly include coupling with spatial high-frequency alter-
nating magnetic field, based on the law of electromagnetic
induction. After the electromagnetic wave that has been
emitted touches the electronic tag, it is reflected, the encoded
information in the electronic tag is brought back, and the
spatial propagation law of electromagnetic wave is taken as
the basis. It can be seen that in the process of information
exchange, readers play the role of processing and control,
which belongs to the core part of the system. The RF module
is mainly composed of the RF module to transmit and
receive the RF carrier, and the read/write module can decode
the received signal to obtain the label or encode the written
label information and send it to the RF module [14].
2.3. Logistics Warehouse Management. Warehouse manage-
ment refers to the management of the warehouse and the
goods stored because of stagnation in the warehouse, includ-
ing warehousing management, goods information manage-
ment, and many other aspects. With the development of
society, modern warehousing not only plays a role of mate-
rial storage but also plays a role of logistics operation center,
and the emergence of warehouse management system based
on modern information technology and automation tech-
nology has improved the efficiency of warehousing opera-
tion [15]. Efficient warehouse management can effectively
reduce storage costs, improve the speed of operation execu-
tion, is the key to efficient management, and maintain com-
petitiveness of enterprises. At present, there are many modes
of warehouse management, including self-built warehouse
management mode, leased warehouse management mode,
and third-party warehouse management mode. The self-
built warehouse management mode is that the enterprise
builds the warehouse by itself, and the warehouse belongs
to the enterprise itself, so the enterprise can manage the
warehouse to a greater extent according to its own ideas,
which makes the warehouse management more flexible
and reasonable and reduces the storage cost to a certain
extent. The leasing warehouse management mode is the
enterprise leases the business warehouse for storage; this
mode can reduce the enterprise capital investment, reduce
the difficulty of self-management, and reduce the storage
cost. The third-party warehouse management mode refers
to that the enterprise loses the warehousing management
activities to the outsourcing company, and the mature
third-party enterprise provides comprehensive storage and
logistics services, which greatly reduces the enterprise’s
warehousing input and facilitates the enterprise to shift its
focus to the competitive part.
2.4. Application of RFID Technology in Warehouse
Management. In the field of logistics, warehousing has
always played an important role. The current storage market
development for order processing speed is more and more
high; order volume is also more and more, which puts for-
ward higher requirements for warehouse management.
RFID identification without manual intervention, multilabel
identification increases the efficiency of operations; it has the
advantages of long identification distance and high identifi-
cation accuracy. RFID technology can achieve more
advanced management through warehousing of goods,
receiving and checking goods, goods location adjustment,
inventory, and sorting and warehousing operations and
can improve the quality and efficiency of enterprise storage
management. With the RFID electronic tag when the goods
arrive in warehouse, warehouse staffcan read and write with
RFID handheld device to identify the data on the RFID elec-
tronic tag information, at the same time acquire information
transmission to the background RFID inventory manage-
ment system, and then inform warehouse staffRFED ware-
house management system by the corresponding goods
shipped to the correct location. Warehouse staffaccording
to the RFID warehouse management system instructions
will ship to the correct location of goods, after the comple-
tion of the RFID warehouse management system instruc-
tions, RFID fixed reader on the shelf will read RFID
electronic tags into the new storage information to send to
the RFID warehouse management system and update the
goods information. The accuracy of cargo information is
guaranteed [16]. When goods need to be shipped out, the
RFID fixed reader at the door of the warehouse will auto-
matically read the information on the RFID electronic label
and will read the type, batch, quantity, and time of the goods
to send information to the RFID storage management sys-
tem. The RFID warehouse management system will immedi-
ately verify whether the information of the goods is correct
and arrange warehouse staffto carry out the goods out of
the warehouse. The whole process can be achieved with
technology. The warehousing process simplifies the tradi-
tional goods acceptance procedure, and the storage location
management can be arranged more quickly and accurately,
improving the overall level and efficiency of warehouse
management.
3. Logistics and Warehousing Intelligent
Management System Based on Radio
Frequency Identification Technology
3.1. Overall System Architecture Design. The intelligent man-
agement system of logistics and warehousing is mainly
responsible for the management of warehouse goods data.
3Journal of Sensors
The overall architecture of intelligent management of logis-
tics and warehousing based on radio frequency identification
technology is shown in Figure 1. Handheld reader, managers
can operate manually read the electronic tag information or
use a fixed reader read label data information automatically;
based on the user preset configuration information, the data
undergoes legal verification and filter cleaning operations
such as processing, and then, after cleaning the data, it is
uploaded to the warehouse management system database.
When the user calls the interface to access the warehouse
management system and requests the scheduling task, the
warehouse management system will send the task to the
decision-making platform system. After receiving the task,
the decision platform system will return the scheduling
result to the warehouse management system and further
return to the client after processing, so as to achieve fast
and efficient warehouse scheduling.
The whole system architecture mainly includes infra-
structure layer, application service layer, interface access
layer, and terminal display layer. The infrastructure layer
mainly provides hardware resources to ensure the normal
operation of the system, including database resources, com-
puting resources, and network resources. The implementa-
tion of this layer can be built by itself or adopt mature
cloud services. Application service layer uses the Docker
technology as well as the container of Cabernets technology
implementation services and service management, the con-
tainer to make use of the layer of shielding low-level details;
the design of the individual service is more focused on the
business logic of the service itself; at the same time, the layer
provides service communication, management, and other
functions and convenient deployment and management of
the system. The interface access layer contains the entry
logic of each service, and each service can be accessed
through HTTP, Socket, Web Service, etc. In addition, users
can quickly locate and access corresponding services
through the API gateway. The terminal display layer pro-
vides different display interfaces for different terminal
devices for users to operate and manage the system.
3.2. Warehouse Management System Architecture Design.
The warehouse management system uses B/S architecture
mode to design; users can access the warehouse manage-
ment system directly through the Web. The architecture is
easily accessible to clients through a browser because the
server side is installed on a Web server. The architecture of
warehouse management system is mainly divided into appli-
cation service layer, data access layer, and data storage layer.
The application service layer mainly realizes the manage-
ment service needed in the process of warehouse manage-
ment and provides user access interface for managers to
call. The data access layer provides various data access inter-
faces, and any data addition, deletion, modification, and
check operations need to be implemented with this layer.
Data storage layer, namely, database, mainly realizes persis-
tent storage of data [17]. The development platform of ware-
house management system adopts J2EE platform to
decompose the system function modules into discrete ser-
vices. Different services interact with each other through
RPC, thus reducing the coupling of the system and provid-
ing more flexible service support. By effectively splitting
individual applications, micro service architecture can
achieve agile development and deployment and improve sys-
tem scalability, high availability, and high fault tolerance.
The micro service architecture of the warehouse man-
agement system is shown in Figure 2. According to user
instructions, the user view layer invokes relevant back-
ground services through API gateway, exchanges data with
background, and then renders the page and presents it to
users. The application service layer mainly provides some
key services of the warehouse management system by calling
the data processing logic service of the data access layer. The
data access layer is mainly used to improve some basic logi-
cal services related to the increase, deletion, change, and
check of the database. The database is divided into different
subfunction databases according to service functions. Each
subfunction database focuses on the data management of
the current subfunction and reduces the degree of coupling
between data. In order to improve database hit ratio, cache
&$
Browser Cilent-side Others
servers
Terminal display layer
Interface access layer
Web serverHTTPSocketAPI gateway
Service communication Service management
Application service layer
Infrastructure layer
Database
resource
Computing
resource
Network
resource
Cpu
resource
Data processing
War eh ou se
management
system
Inbo
und
and
outbo
und
service
Infor
mation
man
age
ment
service
Data
filiter
ing
service
Node
regi
strati
on
service
Data
stor
age
service
Data
stati
stics
service
Logistics
warehouse
sign
intelligent
manege
ment
system
Figure 1: Logistics warehousing intelligent management overall architecture diagram.
4 Journal of Sensors
database can be added as required to improve data access
performance [18]. Through the use of Springboot integra-
tion Mybatis, Shrio, and other frameworks the functional
services of the system is achieved, combined with Kuber-
netes own service registration discovery function, service
registration discovery, and service monitoring and gover-
nance functions. The registry notifies the consumer of the
IP and port of the registered service, and the remote call is
almost invisible to the user. In addition, the micro service
monitoring center can be used to monitor the number and
status of service providers and consumers, including config-
uration information, fusing monitoring, log information,
and HTTP tracing.
3.3. System Function Design. The core of the system function
is the electronic tag of RFID equipment, which stores the
management information of the target object. Warehouse
management personnel can use the management system to
query and master the basic information of the target object
quickly and conveniently. The system database takes the
real-time updated data information as the fundamental data
and is implemented under the existing traditional logistics
mode to improve the scientific nature of enterprise logistics
management [19]. The structure diagram of logistics and
warehousing intelligent management function of radio fre-
quency identification technology is shown in Figure 3.
The super administrator is the main user of the module,
mainly managing user information and user permissions.
User management is mainly aimed at the information man-
agement of system login users. Role management mainly
refers to purchasers, operators, super administrators, etc.
Rights management allows users to modify their rights by
assigning different rights to different roles or adding new
rights. In addition, the super administrator has the highest
rights. The warehouse administrator and operator are the
main users of this module, which mainly manages the infor-
mation of warehouse, customer, and supplier and mainly
provides adding, deleting, querying, and modifying related
basic information. Through this module, it can be very effi-
cient to achieve the warehouse management of the compre-
hensive query and convenient management of the operation
and analysis. At the same time, this module also provides the
related operation interface in the background for other
upper modules to call.
As the basis of warehouse management, inventory man-
agement module plays a very important role. The warehouse
administrator acts as the primary user of this module. This
module provides related functions including inventory
Clinent-
side
API gateway
System
management
services
Basic
information
service
Move in
serivce
Outbound
service
Inventory
taking
service
User service
layer
Service
ragistry
Service
monitoring
center
Data storage
layer
Data access
layer
Database Database Database Database Database
Inventory
information
interface
Supplier
information
interface
Customer
information
interface
User
information
interface
Inbound and
outbound
information
interface
Figure 2: Warehouse management system micro service architecture diagram.
Inventory
management
Warehouse
management
Stock
management
Intelligent
management
Intelligent management of
logistics and warehousing
User management
Store management
System configuration
Initilization setting
Warehouse cargo
management
Outbound cargo inquiry
Shipment specification
Count data calulation
Inventory data management
Inventory management
Supplier management
Specification management
e goods entry
Query to modify
Figure 3: Logistics and warehousing intelligent management function structure diagram of radio frequency identification technology.
5Journal of Sensors
check, inventory query, and inventory warning. Any query
and update of inventory information can only be carried
out by invoking the service of this module. Among them,
inventory taking is responsible for inventory taking and cor-
recting the difference between actual inventory and system
inventory, inventory query for each warehouse in each goods
quantity display, to achieve real-time statistical function.
Inventory early warning is real-time monitoring of inven-
tory capacity; when the inventory capacity is found to be
too much or too little, the launch of early warning prompts
the warehouse administrator to carry out relevant remedial
measures.
Warehouse administrator as the main user of the mod-
ule, the module is mainly aimed at the warehouse manage-
ment in the warehousing management part; warehousing
operation needs the cooperation of operators to complete.
In the storage management module, the storage order man-
agement mainly provides the query and updates operation of
the storage order record, which needs the support of supplier
information and warehouse information. As the main mod-
ule of the warehousing process, warehousing operation is
initiated by the warehouse administrator, and the operator
operates the complete warehousing process. Abnormal ware-
housing belongs to the auditing part of the warehousing pro-
cess. As a part of the warehouse management, the exit
module needs the cooperation of operators. In the outgoing
management module, the outgoing order management mainly
provides the operation of adding, deleting, modifying, and
checking the outgoing order. The outgoing operation is also
initiated by the warehouse administrator and the whole pro-
cess of updating the inventory information and abnormal out-
bound verification outbound process accuracy.
3.4. Database Design. The storage logistics management sys-
tem is composed of two parts, which are used to store target
information and background management, as well as the
front-end RFID reader. The system extracts the collected
information according to the unique identifier, so as to
achieve the purpose of identifying and classifying the read
information in the tag effectively. Then, the characteristic
information or target identity is stored in the database,
which can facilitate the future users to query some condi-
tions, including logistics information and characteristic
information query. A long time of accumulation will lead
to the storage of complex data in the database; the data set
of characteristic information extracted by RFID presents a
linear rise in accumulation characteristics. It can be seen that
high-performance large database is the key point in database
selection. Database relationships can be illustrated from e-R
entity relationship to database model, which is a good illustra-
tion of the modelling process. It can be understood as the data
entity to the database system in recognizable form. The data-
base diagram for storage processing is shown in Figure 4.
Management system is the process of management oper-
ation, mainly through the development of electronic labels
and binding related goods information, to ensure that each
cargo has the elevator tag and the RFID reader to read the
range of goods can be correctly read. The production man-
agement host computer inputs the named electronic tag,
and when using it, the production management host com-
puter enters the RFID reader to read the information data
of the tag ID. At the same time, this feature should include
the option to effectively store to the database [20]. The entity
information stored in the database includes customer infor-
mation, beacon information, basic information, and log
information. Their main attributes are as follows: basic
information of customers is stored; to store the beacon
information of items; storage of basic information of goods,
basic information is long-term invariable basic information;
store the log information of items; a real-time library of the
history of items is stored.
4. Realization and Optimization of Logistics
Warehousing Intelligent
Management System
4.1. Each Function Module Realization. The intelligent stor-
age location management mainly uses the programmer to
uniquely mark the container, and then, the program auto-
matically generates the number information corresponding
to the storage location [21]. The detailed business process
Incoming
information
War eh ou se
information
War eh ou se
people
War eh ou se
keeper
Racking
information
Mobile
information
Customer
information e delivery
information
Electronic
tag
Product
3
Product
2
Product
Freigh
t
Delivery
person outbound
data
Data
warehousing
War eh ou se
keeper
Figure 4: Database diagram for storage processing.
6 Journal of Sensors
is as follows. First of all, by the authority of the highest man-
agement personnel on the database cargo space empty data-
base information operation and then in accordance with the
code of the only mark, the warehouse automatically gener-
ated corresponding numbering rules, on the warehouse
withered new initialization, and reserve some cargo space
to meet the inventory expansion function. The output stor-
age location label is associated with the physical information
of the corresponding goods entity one to one, and the actual
storage location information is added by the storage location
management personnel for each storage location. The loca-
tion manager checks whether there is wrong location infor-
mation; if there is wrong, the location manager adjusts the
location information. Thus, the effective combination of
the location information and the entity can be realized
smoothly. RFID reader has been applied in each warehouse;
when the warehouse is empty, it prompts the staffthat the
warehouse is free, and the basic information can be dis-
played when the warehouse is available.
The inventory business of goods is analyzed by the upper
computer on the inventory site for inventory plan, and then,
the upper computer sends inventory information instruc-
tions to the mobile inventory; the mobile inventory receives
instructions and carries out instruction analysis and selects
the RFID identification equipment. Finally, the inventory
taker drives the vehicle carrying RFID equipment through
the container and uploads the information to the corre-
sponding upper computer by reading the item tag code
and RFID tag. After data analysis and classification, the
upper computer uploads the data to the database for com-
parison. If the confidence stored in the database is found
to be different from the information read by the RFID
device, the system will send an alarm to the computer. This
business requires real-time inventory of real goods and real-
time dynamics. Inventory management personnel of the
warehouse receive the inventory plan and can master the
specific information status of logistics goods such as quantity
of goods in real time. According to the subsequent feedback,
they can proofread, adjust, and upload the status of goods in
question.
Generate the notice containing the information of goods
location in the system, and prepare the goods for warehous-
ing. The warehouse entry notice should contain information
such as batch number of goods, stock location, warehousing
sponsor, warehousing time, consignee, and description of
goods. Before purchase, the warehouse management person-
nel will check and accept the goods, mainly check and accept
the quantity and quality of the goods, and compare the
information of the goods with the information of the goods
on the purchase notice to see if it is consistent. If the feed-
back acceptance is qualified, the warehouse will be handled
immediately. If the feedback is not qualified, the information
status of the goods should be timely submitted to the appli-
cation for further approval, and if necessary, a video record-
ing should be kept. At the same time, the system will
automatically generate acceptance of unqualified goods
report, in order to facilitate the future information query.
In the outbound business, the most important thing is to
register the goods and take out the goods at the same time,
transfer the outbound information at the same time, proof-
read and verify with the inbound information, and finally
save the data. In the outbound management module, it is
divided into initiator, batch number, outbound time, quan-
tity, etc., according to functions. When issuing the outbound
request, if the quantity of the corresponding goods is insuf-
ficient, it will automatically prompt whether to add. When
the quantity of goods out of the warehouse is enough, just
submit the corresponding information of the required goods
out of the warehouse, wait for approval, and wait for the
warehouse.
4.2. Management Process Optimization. After the application
of RFID technology, the process of operation should mini-
mize the operation of warehouse staffon the goods to ensure
that the goods are not subject to accidental physical damage.
In order to optimize the warehousing business process, it is
necessary to add the application of RFID technology on
the basis of the traditional warehousing operation process
of warehouse management. The warehouse supervisor shall
paste RFID electronic tags on pallets and shelves; RFID fixed
reader shall be installed at the entrance of receiving area.
Warehouse personnel need to be equipped with handheld
RFID readers. At the same time, it is necessary to provide
suppliers with pallets and loading workers and truck drivers
with RFID electronic tags so that RFID technology can be
effectively applied to the upstream of the supply chain. The
starting point of warehousing operation is different, and
RFID technology is effectively applied to suppliers. In the
traditional warehousing operation, the starting point of
warehousing operation refers to the successful inspection
of goods by the warehouse inspector after the vehicle arrives
at the warehouse. After the application of RFID technology,
the warehousing operation starts from the supplier loading
the goods, and the loading workers will classify the goods
according to the goods information of the RFID reader in
their hands. At the same time, the loading workers need to
verify the actual situation of the goods and check the quality
of the goods. After verifying the information of the goods,
the goods will be directly placed on the pallet with RFID
electronic tag provided and loaded. Through the RFID sys-
tem and the original warehouse management system, GPS
and GIS combined to achieve the binding of vehicle and
cargo. After binding, the warehouse supervisor can track
and monitor the vehicles in transit in real time. According
to the vehicle condition information, accurately grasp the
arrival time of cargo vehicles, and then, make preparations
for the warehouse pickup and unloading.
4.3. Optimization in Library Management. In the warehouse
management operation, RFID technology can be mainly
applied to three aspects: inventory, goods location manage-
ment, and the company’s RFID warehouse management sys-
tem to control the information of goods. The traditional
stock-taking method requires a lot of manpower to count
the goods one by one, so the disassembly and reorganization
of the goods is inevitable, which not only takes time and
manpower but also causes damage to the goods. After the
application of RFID technology, the inventory count no
7Journal of Sensors
longer requires a large number of manpower, and the ware-
house inventory clerk only needs to read the electronic label
information on the pallet with the handheld RFID reader
and check the quantity of goods, which can greatly improve
the inventory efficiency.
4.4. Optimization of Outbound Operation Process. The out-
bound process is complex, requiring the warehouse supervi-
sor to accept orders and a large number of manpower to sort
goods. At the same time, there will be many outbound
orders and complex types of goods in the order, but a small
number of outbound orders, which increases the difficulty of
goods sorting. In addition, due to the fact that inventory
information will not be accurate situation, the staffin the
goods sorting needs to constantly modify the shipment
quantity on the order, further increasing the difficulty of
warehouse. In the use of RFID technology, RFID storage
management system ensures the accuracy of inventory
information so that customer orders can be timely after the
arrival of the order processing work, no longer done by the
staffusing bar code reader to read the bar code on the goods
and repeatedly modify the shipping order. At the same time,
when the goods are out of the warehouse, the RFID storage
management system can accurately refer to the dispatch of
cargo vehicles, perfect realization of vehicle and cargo bind-
ing, so that the goods and vehicle information sharing
degree is high, improving the efficiency of goods out of the
warehouse.
5. System Testing
5.1. System Development and Operation Environment. The
development platform of the system is Microsoft Visual Stu-
dio 2010, the database is SQL Server 2005, the development
language is C#, and the operating system is Windows 7. In
order to ensure the efficient and stable operation of the
material warehouse management system, the system should
run in a stable operating system environment, and the mate-
rial warehouse management system is recommended to run
in Windows 7 system.
5.2. RFID Read and Write Test. RFID reading and writing
test is a necessary test to ensure the realization of the system
in addition to functional test. The test results directly deter-
mine the data transmission between the system and the
equipment. This test requires RFID reader to ensure data
writing, display, and persistent input. Communication qual-
ity is tested through different distances, and the test results
are shown in Figure 5.
According to the analysis of test results, when using a
single tag, the system can effectively scan and recognize the
electronic tag within 3-3.6 meters, and the coordinate point
recognition rate is 91.8%. When multiple tags are used, the
system can effectively scan and recognize electronic tags
within 3-3.6 meters, and the coordinate point recognition
rate is 82%. By testing the system at different temperatures,
it is found that the information uploading system and infor-
mation management system can operate normally when the
temperature ranges from 60
°
C to minus 15
°
C, meeting the
actual use environment and functional requirements of
logistics management.
5.3. Query Response Time Tests. The essence of the ware-
house management system is the increase, deletion, change,
and check of the database, so in the performance test of the
system, the user through the browser of the warehouse man-
agement system current all goods query operation can be
said to be the most time-consuming operation of the system.
In order to test query response time, goods information was
added in batches to the database, and the test results of
paging query are shown in Figure 6 by setting the number
of paging records at different levels.
Through the response time test above, we can see that
when the number of page records is set to 10, the response
time of page query is about 50 ms, which can fully meet
the performance requirements of users in related operations.
5.4. Comparative Analysis of Management Process
Optimization Efficiency. In warehouse management system
with the application of RFID technology, the overall opera-
tion efficiency of the warehouse will be greatly improved.
Through the above optimization scheme design, the overall
operation efficiency of the warehouse is predicted and com-
pared, mainly from the data acquisition, storage process
operation efficiency, warehousing business process opera-
tion time, and other three aspects, in order to prove the opti-
mization effect of RFID technology. The picking speed of
orders and goods will directly affect the efficiency of ware-
housing operations. A certain number of orders and goods
are simulated here. According to the actual situation and
operation process of warehousing, the operation consump-
tion time of manual operation, barcode scanning, and
RHD technology is simulated and compared. After
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.0
80
60
40
20
0
100
Multiple tags
Multiple tags
A single tag
A single tag
Coordinate point recognition rate, %
Distance, m
Figure 5: Test results of coordinate point recognition rate.
8 Journal of Sensors
simulating the data acquisition time of RFID technology, the
storage data acquisition is predicted and compared. The test
results are shown in Figure 7.
As can be seen from the figure, in data acquisition, RFID
technology takes less time than the original manual input
and barcode technology and has significantly improved the
optimization effect on data acquisition. In terms of the effi-
ciency of warehousing process, the more orders and goods
are carried out, the more obvious the advantages of RFID
technology, compared with the traditional bar code technol-
ogy which can save about one-tenth of the time, save a lot of
manpower, and reduce labor costs.
The in-and-out operation process is the two most
important parts of warehousing business. The actual in-
and-out time of traditional warehousing business is com-
pared with the speculated in-and-out time after the applica-
tion of RFID technology. The test comparison of in-and-out
operation process is shown in Figure 8.
As can be seen from the figure, the warehousing in-and-
out operation time is shorter than the original warehousing
in-and-out operation time, which can save about two-
thirds of the time and improve the overall storage operation
efficiency. The above comparison analysis based on RFID
warehouse management optimization efficiency is only the
0
0
500400300200
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
100
Paging reord
Figure 6: Query the response time test results.
Manual entry
Barcoding scanning
RFID
Manual entry
Barcoding scanning
RFID
Manual entry
Barcoding scanning
Acquisition time, S
RFID
Upload information
Order information
Inventory goods
Warehouse enrtry
1000
800
600
400
200
0
Acquisition time, S
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
Order quqntity
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
Figure 7: Comparison test diagram of information acquisition and process efficiency.
9Journal of Sensors
prediction analysis of the overall optimization scheme
design, and the overall optimization effect will definitely be
significantly improved.
6. Conclusion
For the traditional warehouse management system, manual
input is more complicated, and the large amount of data is
prone to error and long inventory cycle problems; this paper
puts forward the barcode and radio frequency identification
technology combined with the warehouse management sys-
tem, which can effectively ensure the interests of logistics
warehousing and service quality. In the warehouse manage-
ment system operation process based on the warehouse
management activity rules, the business process of the sys-
tem designed in this paper is described, and the schematic
diagram of the system’s functional structure is given. The
module of goods inventory, intelligent management module
of goods location, warehousing module, and warehousing
module are simply analyzed and discussed, through the sys-
tem structure and level design and the analysis of the system
data business process, the warehouse logistics management
system. The system function modules are divided to achieve
the display of system modules and test the system. The page
query response time is about 50 ms, which fully meets the
performance requirements of users in related operations.
The optimization effect of data acquisition has been signifi-
cantly improved. In terms of the operational efficiency of
warehousing process, the more orders and goods, the more
obvious the advantage of RFID technology, which can save
a lot of manpower, reduce labor costs, and improve the over-
all operational efficiency of warehousing. The system only
realized the main function; comprehensiveness is not
enough, which needs further research and supplement. In
addition, the realization of some functions of the existing
system may be relatively rough, and system optimization is
the main direction of the subsequent improvement of the
system.
Data Availability
The data used to support the findings of this study are avail-
able from the corresponding author upon request.
Conflicts of Interest
The author declares that there are no known competing
financial interests or personal relationships that could have
appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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