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Social Innovations in Museum and Heritage Management
Abstract
To shed light on heritage-based social innovation as a neglected area of research, this article presents the results of a multi-sited case study of innovative work within the Swedish cultural heritage sector. A theoretical framework on social innovation is applied to analyse how museums and other cultural heritage organisations work in novel ways to create social change. The six social initiatives selected as case studies addressed a diverse range of social needs: education, integration, health care, employment, urban development, conflict management and peacebuilding. The analysis focuses on the innovative aspects of the initiatives by examining and comparing the central components of the innovation processes. The study shows that the cultural heritage organisations are innovative in many ways, through new objectives, target groups, methods, activities and collaborations and also through new uses of heritage. The article also highlights some of the possible implications for heritage and heritage management when heritage is used as a means to achieve social goals and suggests some directions for further study.
... L'individuazione e la classificazione degli stakeholder è seguita dall'analisi degli stessi, effettuata attraverso la determinazione del livello di interazione di ogni categoria sulla base di molteplici variabili. Tra queste, l'innovazione trova numerose declinazioni, tra cui quella di carattere sociale, ritagliandosi un ruolo di rilievo grazie anche all'utilizzo delle tecnologie digitali (Solima, 2020) quali strumenti di valorizzazione culturale (Malm, 2021). In tale ambito, l'impatto sociale ed economico dei musei, definibile come mix di effetti che travalicano gli artefatti storicoartistici e l'attuazione di eventi espositivi proposti dall'attrattore, ed influenzano direttamente la vita dei singoli e dei gruppi di persone, può suddividersi in differenti tipologie: ...
Nel corso delle ultime due decadi, il panorama internazionale si è caratterizzato per emergenti a-simmetrie di sviluppo sostenibile, declinati in target economici, sociali e ambientali, che inducono i decision maker ad adottare approcci innovativi al fine di rispondere ad esse con maggiore efficacia ed efficienza. Il progressivo raggiungimento di tali traguardi, considerati benchmark di riferimento, coinvolgono tutti i gruppi portatori di interessi specifici (cosiddetti stakeholder) che, a vari livelli e con diversi ruoli (istituzioni, enti, operatori, università, centri di ricerca, associazioni, cittadini), gravitano anche nell’orbita del cultural heritage e, secondo forme differenti, contribuiscono alla co-creazione, diffusione e trattenimento di valore culturale, sociale, ed economico (Symbola, 2023). A tal proposito, i cambiamenti in atto negli assetti e nei contesti risultano intrinsecamente connessi e si caratterizzano quali componenti core di sviluppo sostenibile, evidenziando, sia una crescente attitudine di enti/imprese ad ibridarsi in partnership pubblico-private, sia a relazionarsi con altri interlocutori, secondo logiche del tipo many-to-many (Gummesson, 2012). Questo approccio evidenza diverse modalità attraverso cui si instaurano quei collegamenti che costituiscono, in primis, un potente meccanismo dialogico, consentendo itinerari di apprendimento in grado di influenzare aspettative ed esigenze di singoli e gruppi. Inoltre, il bouquet di pratiche potenzialmente attuabili attiva percorsi di compartecipazione, considerata la vicendevole influenza del comportamento dei suddetti soggetti in termini di contributo apportato. Detto orientamento appare ancora più rilevante in ambito museale, in coerenza con quanto definito da ICOM nel 2022, specie nella parte definitoria che si sottolinea di seguito […] “istituzioni permanenti senza scopo di lucro e al servizio della società, che effettuano ricerche, collezionano, conservano, interpretano ed espongono il patrimonio materiale e immateriale. Aperti al pubblico, accessibili e inclusivi, i musei promuovono la diversità e la sostenibilità. Operano e comunicano eticamente e professionalmente e con la partecipazione delle comunità, offrendo esperienze diversificate per l’educazione, il piacere, la riflessione e la condivisione di conoscenze”. In questo perimetro, i rapporti che gli attrattori museali sono chiamati ad intessere, specie con gli stakeholder del territorio nel quale insistono, implicano l’adozione di modelli manageriali orientati all’innovazione sociale, utili ad incrementare l’interesse di questi ultimi verso lo sviluppo di legami longevi, con dinamiche e meccanismi che si declinano su un duplice binario: consapevolezza e coesione organizzativa interna; consolidamento e sviluppo di relazioni esterne. Gli eventi pandemici recenti, e le sfide imposte dal post-Covid, hanno confermato i trend precedenti, rappresentando occasioni, spontanee o forzate, di ripensamento delle scelte dei decisori dei suddetti attrattori, richiedendo un approccio audience-centered (Bifulco, Tregua, 2022). Sulla base di tali presupposti di scenario, il presente focus indaga la profilazione degli utenti del MANN (Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Napoli), analizzando longitudinalmente gli effetti diretti o indiretti generati dall’interazione tra di essi nell’arco cronologico 2016-2023, corrispondente ai due mandati della direzione generale del Museo (ex-riforma Franceschini). Tale obiettivo è perseguito attraverso una metodologia qualitativa, misurata da una gap analysis della percezione che i diversi portatori di interessi hanno manifestato in merito alle traiettorie strategiche poste in essere dalla governance museale declinata secondo tre driver (identità, immagine, reputazione), articolati in specifici item di approfondimento in termini di stakeholder engagement
... As the concept of social innovation moves towards the domain of creativity and participation (Edwards-Schachter and Wallace 2017), more scholars have been adopting and applying the concept to the cultural heritage domain. By building upon these previous conceptualizations of social innovation, this paper aims at recognizing: the role of external stakeholders in helping museums fulfil their new social functions (Solima et al. 2021); the importance of exploring commonalities between different actors, disciplines, and approaches (Fernández Fernández 2016); the attention given to connecting civic society with grassroots activities as a new means of organization and cooperation (Kaldeli et al. 2019;Kaldeli et al. 2023); and the emphasis on working in novel ways to create social change (Malm 2021). In this context, social innovation includes both the processes and the outcomes informed by these underpinning principles in attempts at establishing new potential solutions (e.g., new forms of collaboration, best practices, tools, norms, and values) to address existing barriers hindering engagement and participation in cultural activities. ...
This article investigates the current practices and needs of institutional actors operating at the intersection of cultural heritage and social innovation. Through a mixed-methods approach that includes a survey and in-depth interviews, responses have been collected from GLAMs (Galleries, Libraries, Archives, and Museums), social enterprises, public administration, cultural and artistic associations, and educational institutes. A key focus is given to exploring cultural-based participatory practices aimed at engaging disadvantaged communities. The article explores problems and barriers hindering quality engagement, beneficial participation, and impactful outputs, as well as collecting instances of good practice, suggestions, and lessons learnt. The overall goal of this work is to outline the lessons learnt from fields of action to develop guidelines and recommendations for facilitating participatory, collaborative, and inclusive cultural heritage initiatives, including when planning for the use and adoption of digital tools and technologies.
... Economically underprivileged communities have used adaptive reuse to solve a variety of issues relating to improving their standard of living by improving their economy, health, or education. By doing so, it helps to create the circumstances for social innovation, a field of study that is understudied in the heritage industry but is more frequently perceived as being inferior to innovation and creativity (Malm 2021). It has been stated that adaptive reuse is essential to attaining sustainable development (Foster 2020), however, little emphasis has been paid to the social benefits that adaptive innovation might have for society. ...
Sustainable Development (SD) is characterised of social, economic, and environmental components; however , the social component of SD has received little attention from academics, but recently, this has changed as the notion that growth is incomplete without equity gained more traction. One way to achieve the UN Goal 16 of 'Promoting peaceful, just, and inclusive societies' is through the concept of adaptive reuse innovation. Therefore, this paper aims to identify how the adaptive reuse concept has promoted the social sustainability concept through a systematic literature review (SLR). The SLR is necessary to summarise available evidence on the social sustainability potential of the adaptive reuse (AR). It further serves to create awareness of the reuse of building as an inclusive innovation critical for sustainable development. Using SLR, 56 relevant studies were extracted from the web of science and Scopus databases. A content analysis of five identified themes from the studies showed that adaptive reuse contributed to social sustainability through provision of social infrastructure, social cohesion, enhancing social health/well-being. There is need to advance research in areas of human adaptability, social awareness, and education on adaptive reuse.
Keywords: Adaptive reuse, social sustainability, well-being, community participation, social cohesion, social infrastructure, health, Sustainable development
... Dealing with multiple temporalities, adaptive approaches allow for more collaborative, neighborly stances, favoring the generation of relational values [14] but also of "opportunity" spaces for catalytic change [15]. Thereby, it contributes to create the conditions for social innovation, an under-researched area of studies in the heritage sector that, conversely, is more often understood as opposed to innovation and creativity [16]. ...
The adaptive reuse of cultural heritage assets is often problematic. What emerges is the urgency of a thoughtful negotiation between built forms and emerging needs and requests. In this view, a fruitful trajectory of development arises in commoning heritage by means of adaptive reuse. Hence, the purpose of this article is to investigate how community-led adaptive heritage re-use practices contribute to social innovation in terms of new successful model of urban governance, by providing a specific focus on innovative aspects that emerge in both heritage and planning sectors. Therefore, it also aims to improve the knowledge in the innovative power of heritage when conceptualized as performative practice. To this end, the paper presents the adaptation process of a former church complex located in Naples, today Scugnizzo Liberato, one of the bottom-up initiatives recognized by the Municipality of Naples as part of the urban commons network of the city. The research results are based on desk research, a literature review, and interviews with experts and activists, conducted as part of the OpenHeritage project (Horizon 2020). Initial evidence shows that profound citizen involvement throughout the whole heritage-making process might generate innovative perspectives in urban governance as well as conservation planning practice.
Museums are essential for improving cultural understanding and instruction. Exhibitions showcasing ethnic cultures provide insightful perspectives on many cultures and civilizations. These educational opportunities can be made as effective as possible by assessing their influence on visitor satisfaction.Investigation into the impact of ethnic culture exhibitions on audience pleasure, participation, and comprehension is lacking, despite their significance. By investigating how these displays affect visitors' knowledge acquisition and participation, the study seeks to close this disparity.Utilizing a combined methods technique that integrated quantitative surveys with qualitative comments, the study polled 62 museum visitors who had attended ethnic cultural exhibitions. The questionnaire evaluated knowledge of culture, instructional impact, involvement, and tourist pleasure. Data analysis using the SPSS software was utilized to analyze how different factors affect results and find significant indicators by doing logistic and multinomial logistic regression. This study discovered a substantial correlation between improved knowledge of culture and exhibition participation, as well as a significant improvement in visitor satisfaction and educational results when interactive components and cultural content are included. Through the use of interactive material, ethnic culture exhibitions improve the educational experience and increase visitor happiness. Museums ought to take demographic factors into account while planning different exhibitions for the future.
In recent years, there have been substantial efforts towards theory-building and conceptual clarification in social innovation (SI) research further contributing to its consolidation as a research field. Taking a different angle, this special issue aims to contribute to such consolidation by introducing greater reflexivity about the underlying methodologies and logics of inquiry. It features eight contributions from the main methodological orientations in SI research, namely systematic knowledge development and action-oriented research that discuss particular methodological challenges and advances. This editorial synthesis serves to take stock and elicit their broader significance for SI research along the normative, temporal and comparative dimensions of methodology choices. Dimensions, which are salient to SI research without being tied to any specific methodological tradition. As such, they reflect our aim to transcend the methodological fragmentation of the SI research field and open up a methodological discussion through a methodologically pluralist stance.
This review of research on Social Innovation (SI) examines its place in Research and Innovation projects, especially those funded by the EU. It also reflects on the relevance of SI and SI research in collective action, policy making and socio-political transformation in Europe and the world today. In particular, it makes suggestions on how SI research can contribute to strengthening the position of the Social Sciences and Humanities in the contemporary and future European research and policy landscape. It thus seeks to explain how SI as a concept and a practice holds a great socio-political transformative potential, and warns against reducing the meaning of SI to mere social problem mending as a response to state and market insufficiencies. The included projects either have their main focus on SI, capacity building and/or networking of SI initiatives, or, alternatively, attributing a more or less important role to SI in projects with their primary focus on social policies, including youth empowerment, health, social entrepreneurship and the non-profit sector, promoting environmental sustainability, food processing and consumption, ocean development and governance, transportation, and nanotechnologies.
The concept of social innovation has become pervasive among practitioners and academics, though its definition remains elusive. This paper seeks to address this by suggesting a distinction between structural social innovation, which refers to wide social change in scale and scope, targeted versions of social innovation, which can be either radical or complementary to current socio-economic institutions, and instrumental social innovation, when it is used to rebrand previous agendas in a way that is more appealing to stakeholders. These four types of social innovation are discussed referring to practical examples in the literature. We then explore ways in which the concept could be further developed by engaging with the concepts of socio-technical transitions and the foundational economy.
Social innovation is a contested concept with multiple meanings that have implications beyond academia. It is not a new term – its sociological heritage can be dated to the late nineteenth century. However, until the twenty-first century the concept was sparsely utilised, and, despite its current popularity among policy makers in Europe and the United States, remains largely ignored by social policy researchers. Through bibliometric analysis we identify the most influential articles on social innovation and explore how these have conceptualised the term. We show that over time social innovation has taken on a set of meanings far removed from its sociological roots. In particular we identify a weak tradition that sees social innovation as any increase in aggregate individual utility arising from an innovation, and a strong tradition that focuses on the process of collaboration between different groups and the restructuring of power relations. We conclude by outlining implications for social policy research.
The contributors provide an overview of theoretical perspectives, methodologies and instructive experiences from all continents, as well as implications for collective action and policy. They argue strongly for social innovation as a key to human development. The Handbook defines social innovation as innovation in social relations within both micro and macro spheres, with the purpose of satisfying unmet or new human needs across different layers of society. It connects social innovation to empowerment dynamics, thus giving a political character to social movements and bottom-up governance initiatives. Together these should lay the foundations for a fairer, more democratic society for all.
Examining international case studies including USA, Asia, Australia and New Zealand, Laurajane Smith identifies and explores the use of heritage throughout the world. Challenging the idea that heritage value is self-evident, and that things must be preserved because they have an inherent importance, Smith forcefully demonstrates that heritage value is not inherent in physical objects or places, but rather that these objects and places are used to give tangibility to the values that underpin different communities and to assert and affirm these values. A practically grounded accessible examination of heritage as a cultural practice, The Uses of Heritage is global in its benefit to students and field professionals alike.
There is more and more interest in the “creative society” and the role of creativity in relation to social innovation and its own role in economic and social development. This chapter will start with a short introduction to creativity and innovation in relation with the arts and cultural-creative sectors. It will develop on the concept of cultural districts, and then go on to a case study that can be considered illustrative of the social innovation concept in the arts and creative-cultural sectors. The case of Tohu will illustrate the role of territory and the creative city in relation to social innovation. Tohu, in Montreal, which is an example of culture-driven urban revitalization based on a model similar to the “proactive cultural district’” (Sacco and Ferilli, 2006).
This paper considers the term critical in the unfolding formulation of critical heritage studies. It argues for a shift in emphasis from the subject of our effort to the object of attention, in other words focusing primarily on the critical issues that face the world today, the larger issues that bear upon and extend outwards from heritage. To that end, the paper presents two key directions. It suggests much is to be gained from tackling the uneasy relationship that currently exists between social science and humanities-based approaches to heritage and the professional conservation sector oriented by a scientistic materialism. Second, there is a need for heritage studies to account for its relationship to today’s regional and global transformations by developing post-western understandings of culture, history and heritage and the socio-political forces that actualise them.
Social innovation discourses see in social challenges opportunities to make societies more sustainable and cohesive through inclusive practices, coproduction and pro-active grassroots initiatives. In this paper we are concerned first that the concept has been stretched in so many directions that it is at breaking point. We illustrate this by documenting the varied uses of social innovation in different academic and policy discourses. Secondly, we assume that, if social innovation is to be a useful concept for policy-makers then it must tell us something about what adjustments are needed to develop an effective political economy that is social innovation ready. Finally, we argue that what is needed is more theoretical and empirical work to help social innovation to develop into an effective policy tool.
Many countries in Europe are now searching for new ways to engage citizens and involve the third sector in the provision and governance of social services in order to meet major demographical, political and economic challenges facing the welfare state in the 21st Century. Co-production provides a model for the mix of both public service agents and citizens who contribute to the provision of a public service. Citizen participation involves several different dimensions: economic, social, political and service specific. The extent of citizen participation varies between different providers of welfare services, as too does user and staff influence. Empirical materials from a recent study of childcare in Sweden will be used to illustrate these points. However, the role of citizens and the third sector also varies between countries and social sectors. Third sector providers facilitate citizen participation, while a glass ceiling for participation exists in municipal and for-profit providers. Moreover, co-production takes place in a political context, and can be crowded-in or crowded-out by public policy. These findings can contribute to the development of a new paradigm of participative democracy. Copyright © 2009 The Author Journal compilation © CIRIEC 2009.
A Companion to Museum Studies captures the multidisciplinary approach to the study of the development, roles, and significance of museums in contemporary society. Collects first-rate original essays by leading figures from a range of disciplines and theoretical stances, including anthropology, art history, history, literature, sociology, cultural studies, and museum studies. Examines the complexity of the museum from cultural, political, curatorial, historical and representational perspectives. Covers traditional subjects, such as space, display, buildings, objects and collecting, and more contemporary challenges such as visiting, commerce, community and experimental exhibition forms.
This book examines the ways in which universities can play a crucial role in inclusive development, social innovation and social entrepreneurship. It aims to prove the importance of inclusive development and inclusive innovation on economic growth and demonstrate the ways in which universities can be pioneers in this area through initiatives in social responsibility and social innovation. For example, providing access to a university education without discrimination of race, gender, income status, or other factors would help to diminish the increasing income differentials currently being experienced in many countries, especially in the developing world. The research and studies included in this book provide insight into possible actions that can be taken by universities and public and private shareholders in inclusive development, social innovation, social entrepreneurship and overall regional economic and social development.
Innovation is currently considered to be the most important and dynamic factor explaining growth and development. At the same time, the traditional view considering innovation as having to be commercialized at any price is being challenged. Lately, there has been growing interest in innovation in the public sector, particularly with respect to social innovations designed to reduce income inequality. To address these concepts, constant exchange of ideas and information between research groups became necessary. UniDev (Universities in Development – the Evolving Role of Academic Institutions in Innovation Systems and Development) is an international research group with researchers in twelve countries interested in the role of universities in development. This book features the results of research performed by eleven research groups from UniDev country communities, presenting in-depth and comparative case studies from universities around the world, including Latin America, Northern and Eastern Europe, and sub-Saharan Africa. This title will be of interest to students, academics, researchers, and policy makers interested in the role of universities in development, social innovation and social entrepreneurship.
In this textbook we see heritage in action in indigenous and vernacular communities, in urban development and regeneration schemes, in expressions of community, in acts of nostalgia and memorialization and counteracts of forgetting, in museums and other spaces of representation, in tourism, in the offices of those making public policy, and in the politics of identity and claims toward cultural property.
Whether renowned or local, tangible or intangible, the entire heritage enterprise, at whatever scale, is by now inextricably embedded in “value”.
The global context requires a sanguine approach to heritage in which the so-called critical stance is not just theorized in a rarefied sphere of scholarly lexical gymnastics, but practically engaged and seen to be doing things in the world.
Social innovation is not new, but it appears to be entering a new phase - a phase in which it is increasingly seen as offering solutions not just to localised problems but to more systemic and structural issues. Nevertheless, the growing set of examples and attendant discourses and logics of social innovation have yet to coalesce around a single, common definition, a set of standards or performance measures or an agreed policy agenda. Partly, this is the consequence of the 'liability of newness' experienced by all new fields of action: namely, they lack the legitimacy needed to support significant investment or research. It may also be because the range and variety of action that constitutes social innovation today defies simple categorisation. Indeed, this fluidity and diversity may be seen as one of the field's great strengths in terms of addressing complex social problems and challenges. So, as yet, there is no established paradigm of social innovation (see also Nicholls, 2010a).
This publication is the fourth in the Heritage Studies series and aims to reflect upon the many dimensions of sustainability and sustainable development within the Heritage Studies discourse. Sustainability as a concept and sustainable development as a goal are presented in official policies within UNESCO's understanding of heritage, in its paradigmatic reflections and in the diversity of theories and methods, including many different and sometimes conflicting understandings of sustainability within this discourse. Thus, the contributors to this publication discuss sustainability as it directly concerns the potential of different approaches to World Heritage and Intangible Heritage. The inclusion of the four dimensions of sustainability - environmental, economic, social and cultural - into the Heritage Studies discourse opens a new perspective on the discourse itself.
The notion of 'creative cities' - where cultural activities and creative and cultural industries play a crucial role in supporting urban creativity and contributing to the new creative economy - has become central to most regional and urban development strategies in recent years. A creative city is supposed to develop imaginative and innovative solutions to a range of social, economic and environmental problems: economic stagnancy, urban shrinkage, social segregation, global competition or more. Cities and regions around the world are trying to develop, facilitate or promote concentrations of creative, innovative and/or knowledge-intensive industries in order to become more competitive. These places are seeking new strategies to combine economic development with quality of place that will increase economic productivity and encourage growth. Against this increasing interest in creative cities, this volume offers a coherent set of articles on sustainable and creative cities, and addresses modern theories and concepts relating to research on sustainability and creativity. It analyses principles and practices of the creative city for the formulation of policies and recommendations towards the sustainable city. It brings together leading academics with different approaches from different disciplines to provide a comprehensive and holistic overview of creativity and sustainability of the city, linking research and practice. In doing so, it puts forward ideas about stimulating the production of an innovative knowledge for a creative and sustainable city, and transforming a specific knowledge into a general common knowledge, which suggests best future policy actions, decision-making processes and choices for the change towards a human sustainable development of the city. © Luigi Fusco Girard, Tüzin Baycan, Peter Nijkamp and the Contributors 2011. All rights reserved.
Historic sites, memorials, national parks, museums... We live in an age in which heritage is ever-present. But what does it mean to live amongst the spectral traces of the past, the heterogeneous piling up of historic materials in the present? How did heritage grow from the concern of a handful of enthusiasts and specialists in one part of the world to something which is considered to be universally cherished? And what concepts and approaches are necessary to understanding this global obsession? Over the decades, since the adoption of the World Heritage Convention, various 'crises' of definition have significantly influenced the ways in which heritage is classified, perceived and managed in contemporary global societies. Taking an interdisciplinary approach to the many tangible and intangible 'things' now defined as heritage, this book attempts simultaneously to account for this global phenomenon and the industry which has grown up around it, as well as to develop a 'toolkit of concepts' with which it might be studied. In doing so, it provides a critical account of the emergence of heritage studies as an interdisciplinary field of academic study. This is presented as part of a broader examination of the function of heritage in late modern societies, with a particular focus on the changes which have resulted from the globalisation of heritage during the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. Developing new theoretical approaches and innovative models for more dialogically democratic heritage decision making processes, Heritage: Critical Approaches unravels the relationship between heritage and the experience of late modernity, whilst reorienting heritage so that it mighht be more productively connected with other pressing social, economic, political and environmental issues of our time.
This very practical book guides museums on how to create the highest quality experience possible for their visitors. Creating an environment that supports visitor engagement with collections means examining every stage of the visit, from the initial impetus to go to a particular institution, to front-of-house management, interpretive approach and qualitative analysis afterwards.
The social responsibilities of museums is an emerging topic in the sector. Access, education and heritage studies form part of a wider social intervention to meet the needs of the community locally and nationally, in a holistic and inclusive way. This book looks at a future where the health and well-being of communities is enhanced by the development of museum services.
A Companion to Heritage Studies is a comprehensive, state-of-the-art survey of the interdisciplinary study of cultural heritage.
Outlines the key themes of research, including cultural preservation, environmental protection, world heritage and tourism, ethics, and human rights
Accessibly organized into a substantial framework-setting essay by the editors followed by three sections on expanding, using and abusing, and recasting heritage
Provides a cutting-edge guide to emerging trends in the field that is that is global in scope, cross-cultural in focus and critical in approach
Features contributions from an international array of scholars, including some with extensive experience in heritage practice through UNESCO World Heritage Centre, ICOMOS, and national heritage systems
This volume combines some of the most influential published research in this emerging field with newly commissioned essays on the issues, problems and lessons involved in collaborating museums and source communities.
Focusing on museums in the UK, North America and the Pacific, the book highlights three areas which demonstrate the new developments most clearly:
-the museum as field site or 'contact zone' - a place which source community members enter for purposes of consultation and collaboration
-visual repatriation - the use of photography to return images of ancestors, historical moments and material heritage to source communities
-exhibition case studies - these are discussed to reveal the implications of cross-cultural and collaborative research for museums, and how such projects have challenged established attitudes and practices.
As the first overview of its kind, this collection will be essential reading for museum staff working with source communities, for community members involved with museum programmes, and for students and academics in museum studies and social anthropology.
This article engages with the Association for Critical Heritage Studies Manifesto which argues that heritage studies is in need of a complete renovation. We do so by looking back to two earlier moments. The first when museum studies also called for a renovation, drawing on those experiences as potentially instructive for the immediate future of heritage studies. The second a debate within cultural studies on the value of engagement with the world outside of academia to achieve the discipline’s political aims. Thus, while agreeing with the questions posed by the Manifesto, we argue that rather than casting the terms of the debate in a way that positions the professional field as needing renovation from without, we might do better by fostering a more ‘organic’ sense of intellectual work, one that values engagement and collaboration rather than critique for its own sake. Our conclusion points to the importance of the teaching of heritage studies as a potential site for such a practice as well as more collaborative models of research practice.
In theory, treating cultural heritage assets as products for tourism consumption is reasonable and logical. In practice, though, it is much harder to achieve, for tourism and cultural heritage management embrace different management mandates and focuses. The fact that most of the cultural tourism attractions were not originally intended for tourism necessitates sympathetic product development and management strategies. The authors discuss some of the challenges in developing cultural tourism assets as products by using Hong Kong as a case study. Using secondary sources, results from various consumer surveys conducted by them and others, and interviews with heritage site managers, the paper illustrates the challenges inherent in cultural tourism development.
Resume Malgre nos difficultes a l'accepter, le patrimoine est un domaine qui contribue a cristalliser les conflits de societe. Cependant, au lieu d'aborder cette problematique en restant sur la defensive face aux critiques eventuelles, nous devons reconnaitre que les sites du patrimoine ont la possibilite, avec les moyens specifiques dont ils disposent, de contribuer activement au dialogue sur les grands problemes de societe. Cet article passe en revue les strategies utilisees par les ' Sites de conscience ' - lieux de memoire qui encouragent le dialogue sur les problemes contemporains - afin d'aider un peu partout dans le monde les communautes de citoyens a aborder les questions qui les divisent.
New Museum Theory and Practice is an original collection of essays with a unique focus: The contested politics and ideologies of museum exhibition. Contains 12 original essays that contribute to the field while creating a collective whole for course use. Discusses theory through vivid examples and historical overviews. Offers guidance on how to put theory into practice. Covers a range of museums around the world: from art to history, anthropology to music, as well as historic houses, cultural centres, virtual sites, and commercial displays that use the conventions of the museum. Authors come from the UK, Canada, the US, and Australia, and from a variety of fields that inform cultural studies.
Metadata only item Using case studies drawn from all areas of museum studies, Museums and their Communities explores the museums as a site of representation, identity and memory, and considers how it can influence its community. Focusing on the museum as an institution, and its social and cultural setting, Sheila Watson examines how museums use their roles as informers and educators to empower, or to ignore, communities. Looking at the current debates about the role of the museum, she considers contested values in museum functions and examines provision, power, ownership, responsibility, and institutional issues. This book is of great relevance for all disciplines as it explores and questions the role of the museum in modern society.
How, if it all, do museums shape the ways in which society understands difference? In recent decades there has been growing international interest amongst practitioners, academics and policy makers in the role that museums might play in confronting prejudice and promoting human rights and cross-cultural understanding. Museums in many parts of the world are increasingly concerned to construct exhibitions which represent, in more equitable ways, the culturally pluralist societies within which they operate, accommodating and engaging with differences on the basis of gender, race, ethnicity, class, religion, disability, sexuality and so on. Despite the ubiquity of these trends, there is nevertheless limited understanding of the social effects, and attendant political consequences, of these purposive representational strategies. Richard Sandell combines interdisciplinary theoretical perspectives with in-depth empirical investigation to address a number of timely questions. How do audiences engage with and respond to exhibitions designed to contest, subvert and reconfigure prejudiced conceptions of social groups? To what extent can museums be understood to shape, not simply reflect, normative understandings of difference, acceptability and tolerance? What are the challenges for museums which attempt to engage audiences in debating morally charged and contested contemporary social issues and how might these be addressed? Sandell argues that museums frame, inform and enable the conversations which audiences and society more broadly have about difference and highlights the moral and political challenges, opportunities and responsibilities which accompany these constitutive qualities.
Theory and practice in heritage and sustainability: Between past and future
- E Auclair
- Fairclough
Social innovation i Sverige: Kartläggning av ekosystemet för social innovation. Sweden’s Innovation Agency
- F Gustafsson
- A Netz
Atlas of social innovation-New practices for a better future
- J Howaldt
- C Kaletka
- A Schröder
Mind, body, spirit: How Museums impact health and wellbeing
- J Dodd
- C Jones
The evolution of social innovation building resilience through transitions
- F Westley
- K Mcgowan
- Tjörnbo
Implementing heritage learning outcomes
- D Christidou
The social benefits of heritage
- C Holtorf
- B E Gustafsson
Cultural heritage, ethics and contemporary migrations
- C Holtorf
- A Pantazatos
Heritage, regional development and social cohesion
- P Kearns
- S Kling
- Wistman
Museums, equality and social justice
- R Sandell
- Nightingale
Museology and community development in the XXI century
- P A Santos
Heritage as social action
- R Harrison
Lifelong learning through heritage and art
- H Zipsane