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QUALITY 4.0: AN OBSERVE STUDY OF PREPAREDNESS FACTORS FOR IMPLEMENTATION INTO ENTERPRISES
Abstract
ISBN 978-80-561-0888-8
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p>This paper deals with general development of covered tram track, considering different approaches and needs changing in time. The use of a classic track structure, in which the flat bottomed rails protruded above the level of sleepers, caused considerable problems in the urban traffic. The breakthrough came with grooved rail in the 1850s, since then a rapid increase in spread of tram systems in the world followed. This solution is still used in places where other forms of traffic do not cause obstruction for tram movement, or where the space reserved for trams also serves to other modes of mass transit, like buses. Another idea was to remove general traffic from space dedicated to urban transit, but to allow usage of these lanes, with vehicles appearing less frequently than cars, by emergency vehicles like ambulances or firetrucks. The issue described in the paper is an interesting example of the variability of fate observed in the processes of improving certain specific technical solutions in mass transit.</p
The paper analyzes merchandise and especially agrarian trade of Visegrad (V4) countries. It especially analyzes their mutual trade relations. The main aim is to identify changes in the agricultural sector which have happened during the last decade and to compare differences existing in the area of merchandise and agricultural trade development. Another very important objective is related to mutual trade realized among V4 countries. In this case the paper identifies basic trends in the area of each country’s trade development. Mutual agrarian trade competitiveness is also analyzed. On the basis of the findings, it can be said that merchandise and agricultural trade for each V4 country changed significantly during the analysed time period. In relation to agricultural trade it can be mentioned that it represents only a marginal part of the total merchandise trade. Agrarian trade for individual V4 countries’ commodity structures as well as the territorial structure are very significantly concentrated. The predominant majority of agricultural trade – export as well as import – is carried out with EU countries. In this case it is necessary to emphasize that V4 countries are also important trade partners for each other. On the basis of Visegrad countries’ mutual trade analysis it is possible to say that the main traders active on the V4 market are the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The most competitive actors operating in the V4 market are Poland and Hungary. If we analyze each country’s export performance we can see that the V4 market is dominated by Poland and the Czech Republic.
The paper focuses on the analysis of the impact of technical, organizational and human factors on accident rate in small-sized enterprises. The research was carried out using the authors’ questionnaire. The results were verified using the method of direct interview with elements of observation. The results were compared with the trends prevailing in enterprises of EU countries. The respondents, i.e. production company workers, indicate technical factors as those which most significantly affect the occurrence of accidents at work. However, the assessment of the factors changes with the age of the respondents. Older workers, more often than younger employees, indicate the ones related to man or work organization as the most important factors affecting accidents at work and, consequently, the level of occupational safety. The presented results are a part of a larger whole project the authors of this paper are working on.
PurposeThis study was carried out to evaluate the relation between meal patterns and the risk of eating disorders in university students.Methods
The study was conducted on a total of 331 volunteer students with a mean age of 22.08 ± 1.80 years, 56.5% female. Participants’ sociodemographic characteristics, health information and eating habits like meal skipping and dieting were questioned. Sick, Control, One stone, Fat, Food (SCOFF) Eating Disorders Scale and Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) were used to determine eating behavior disorders, with face to face interviews by the researches.ResultsA significant correlation was found between dieting and skipping meals and the risk of eating disorders in both genders (p < 0.05). In addition, when the reasons for skipping meals were questioned, a significant relationship was detected between skipping meals and eating behaviour disorders by 3.285 times (p = 0.000). Also, every unit of increase in body mass index (BMI) values of individuals who participated to the study led to an increase in eating disorders by a factor of 1.262 (p = 0.000).Conclusions
Our findings support concerns about the negative health effects of increasing overweight among university students in accordance with the data that the increase in BMI values led to an increase in eating disorders. Notably a significant correlation was found between dieting, skipping meals and the risk of eating disorders in both genders it is highlighting the need for monitoring and early diagnosis of eating disorders in youth with simple scales like SCOFF.Level of evidenceLevel V, cross-sectional descriptive study.
Many organizations embrace digital technologies to drive changes in enterprise business models and ecosystems that will not only enable them to weather the increasing environmental dynamics but also thrive on it. However, numerous internal and external factors have caused very few of them to continue their digital transformations in the right direction. For the rest, the journey to digital transformation have not resulted with businesses achieving complete value of a digitally-enabled change. Likewise, most Malaysian companies who have invested significantly in their digital endeavor have obtained very basic levels of return on their investments. This research examines the effects of governance on digital transformation by scrutinizing the implementation of e-CRM system at a Malaysian petrochemicals company. An exploratory study was initiated by interviewing key people at the company, leading to the adaptation of a survey questionnaire. Data was collected from 295 employees at various levels of management. Correlation analyses were carried out based on the parametric data. Governance was found to be significantly affecting digital transformation awareness, implementation and quality. Such findings demonstrate the importance of governance for supporting strategic decision making to deploy digital transformation in the manufacturing sector of an emerging economy.
Organizations are increasingly facing pressure for changing manufacturing models from traditional to sustainable which accordingly reinforces the need for assessing their performance on sustainability issues. The present study developed a framework based on concepts of circular economy, sustainable cleaner production and Industry 4.0 standards to assess sustainability performance of manufacturing companies and to guide them in prioritizing investment in potential solutions for enhancing performance on sustainability. The study involved a mix of quantitative and qualitative research methods. An exhaustive review of related literature was conducted, followed by several rounds of discussions (Delphi Method) with experts, to identify and finalize practices related to Industry 4.0, cleaner production and circular economy. Best-Worst Method (BWM) was then used to prioritize identified practices. Majority of the sustainability frameworks in extant literature were validated using the case study approach. The present research combined case study approach with multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) tools, which enhanced applicability of the proposed framework. Findings suggest that circular economy practices are most important for increasing sustainability performance in manufacturing, followed by practices of cleaner production and Industry 4.0. ‘Supply Chain Traceability/Information’, ‘Reuse and recycling infrastructure’, and ‘Natural and clean environment’, were the top three practices identified for manufacturing organizations aiming to enhance sustainability. The findings provide empirical support for adopting practices of the circular economy, cleaner production and Industry 4.0 by manufacturing organizations to improve sustainability performance. The developed framework can be readily used by managers to evaluate their own as well as the upstream and/or downstream partners’ sustainability performance. It also provides policy guidance for promoting sustainability approaches in manufacturing.
The aim of this research is to analyse the impact that Industry 4.0 has on Italian manufacturing companies, understanding the motivations to implement its enabling technologies, and highlighting the benefits and barriers encountered. The research method is based on a qualitative multiple case-study, with an embedded design procedure. The results show that benefits of transitioning into Industry 4.0 could outweigh associated costs, but the maturity level of a company is relevant for this path. There is no single Industry 4.0 model valid for all businesses and digitalization presents something that is very close to the artisan mentality.