Article

Self-defense and injury : the effects of sex, race, and sexual orientation in cases of intimate assault /

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Delaware, 1998. Principal faculty adviser: Ronet Bachman, Dept. of Sociology and Criminal Justice. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 44-46).

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ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.

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Who Is Most at Risk of Becoming a Convicted Rapist? The Likelihood of a Rape Conviction among the 19...

June 2005 · Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention

The conventional response to the atrocious crime of rape is punishment. However, the aim of criminal justice organizations should be to prevent the behaviour occurring in the first place. Using results from a prospective study of all boys born in 1966 in Denmark where those convicted of rape ( N =96) between the ages of 15 and 27 years are compared with those who are not ( N =43,307), various ... [Show full abstract] risk factors are identified. Identifying risk factors does not produce a panacea but illustrates a possible prevention programme. While recognizing that those convicted of rape may not be representative of all those committing rape, prevention of rape may usefully be associated with enhancing the life chances of fathers and sons, in providing greater support for those who have been in foster/residential care, and in recognizing that parental or personal psychiatric illness may have serious consequences. The fact that the risk factors for future violence are similar to those for rape endorses the point that rape is essentially a violence offence rather than a sex offence. It further demonstrates that prevention programmes for rape will have associated benefits.

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Nonfatal Violence

January 2016

Jennifer L. Truman

This chapter describes nonfatal violent victimization, concentrating on rape, sexual assault, robbery, aggravated assault, and simple assault. The two major sources of nonfatal violence in the United States – the National Crime Victimization Survey and the Uniform Crime Reports – are used to accomplish this by offering trends in nonfatal violence and the composition of this violence. The ... [Show full abstract] characteristics of victims of nonfatal violence are investigated, including gender, age, and race and Hispanic origin. The use of weapons use by offenders, injuries suffered by victims, and reporting to police are also discussed. Findings show the ways in which nonfatal violence changes over time (i.e., rates) and the ways it which it remains the same (i.e., qualitative characteristics).

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Equal time for equal crime? : exploring gender disparity in sentencing when accused of homicide /

Elizabeth Mansley

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Delaware, 2003. Principal faculty advisor: Ronet D. Bachman, Dept. of Sociology. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 32-35).

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The measurement and prevalence of violent crime in the United States: persons, places, and times

September 2019 · Journal of Crime and Justice

Divided into four major sections, this paper examines violent criminal victimization in the United States, including its measurement, rates, and trends. The focus is on aggregate assessments of the pervasiveness of violent crime and the tracking of crime trends. Also discussed are various strategies for enhancing and expanding those assessments. Section I presents an overview of criminal ... [Show full abstract] victimization and crime trends. Section II describes the measurement of violent crime, focusing mostly on the two largest and longest-standing national repositories of data on reported and unreported crime and victimization: the Uniform Crime Report (UCR) and the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS). Section III presents victimization rates of violent crime using data from the UCR and the NCVS on the most serious violent crimes (i.e., homicide, forcible rape, robbery, and aggravated assault) and discusses studies of trends in violent victimization over the past four decades by gender and race. Section IV recommends improvements in the measurement of victimization trends and correlates, suggesting directions for future victimization research in order to capture more precisely the nature, extent, and consequences of violent victimization.

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Race, ethnicity, and the spatial dynamic: Toward a realistic study of black crime, crime victimizati...

January 1989

D. Georges-Abeyie

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Crime and Juvenile Delinquency

September 2006 · Gender Issues

Lawrence William Sherman

In “Crime and Juvenile Delinquency,” Lawrence W. Sherman, a professor at the University of Pennsylvania’s Department of Sociology, describes how changes in criminal and other dysfunctional behaviors could be measured. He relies on data from the National Crime Victimization Survey and the Uniform Crime Reporting System. Sherman describes how criminal behavior tends to be concentrated in inner-city ... [Show full abstract] neighborhoods. He contends that “it is misleading to compare homicide rates across cities or to look at national homicide rates without disaggregating them by the factors that are most strongly correlated with their existence.” Although individual characteristics, such as age, race, and income, are important, he notes that “the effects of those characteristics are magnified by location and space.”

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Introduction to the Special Section: Foreword

August 1987 · Professional Psychology Research and Practice

Max Siegel

For many years, researchers and practitioners have devoted much of their time and resources to studies of criminals, on treatment and rehabilitation of criminals, and on psychology and the law, with particular focus on criminals and the criminal justice system. It is only very recently that the victims of crime and violence have begun to command the attention and study so long neglected. Where ... [Show full abstract] can psychology make its most significant contribution? It is to this question that this special issue is essentially addressed. Psychology can perhaps make its greatest contribution to the victims of crime and violence. The following articles demonstrate this initiative. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)

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Article

Victimization Status and Perceived Risk of Sexual Assault: Longitudinal Analyses

March 1996

Even though rape is the crime they fear most, women hold strong beliefs that their personal risk for sexual victimization is lower than the risk for other women. Victimization shatters illusions of invulnerability, and results in feelings of vulnerability, suggesting that sexual victimization should decrease women's perceived invulnerability for future sexual victimization. This study discusses ... [Show full abstract] these relationships in the context of a longitudinal study, in which 395 women provided data on the impact of sexual victimization (attempted or completed rape) on changes across one year in the perceived likelihood of experiencing a sexual assault. Analyses reveal a lower perceived likelihood of assault by a stranger was greater than by an acquaintance, but at time two, the relationship was reversed. Furthermore, at time one there were no differences in the two groups' reported likelihood of either experiencing future nonsexual crimes/accidents or encountering health problems, but at time two, women who had been sexually victimized showed a significant increase in their reported likelihood of both types of misfortunes. These results held even when controlling for victimization experiences occurring prior to the first assessment. Finally, not only did victimization change perceptions of risk, but also changed various aspects of victims' interpersonal behavior and mental health. Contains seven graphs and tables. (Author)

Article

Aid to victims and witnesses. A probation department's successful program

January 1977 · Federal Probation

The criminal justice system centers its attention on the accused person, and on the protection of his or her rights. Victims and witnesses are pawns in the complex game of prosecution and defense. The Aid to Victims and Witnesses program had led us to a number of conclusions about local, community-based programs which may be of use to others. A victim-witness program should help all crime ... [Show full abstract] victims. State-administered compensation programs, or programs which concentrate on a certain type of victim, such as rape victims, battered wives, or the elderly, often cannot provide comprehensive service. A program assisting all crime victims can bring more resources and more expertise to any one victim. A comprehensive program has more clout, receives more referrals, uses its contacts more frequently, and has better continuity. Working with and on behalf of all criminal justice agencies eliminates rivalry and draws more support. A program should be volunteer-based. Although simple equity dictates that victims and witnesses receive assistance and services just as accused criminals do, the cost of the necessary paid staff would be prohibitive. Volunteers provide for economic operation of a program, and build support among all their acquaintances. Since their motivation is from the heart, they are an excellent counter to the bureaucracy and impersonal tone which pervades the system. Perhaps the most valuable of all services provided to victims of violent crime by the program is simple human contact and comfort at the time of the crisis. This is far more rehabilitative than a cash handout months later.

Article

Searching for the Victim in the General Sociological Literature on Crime

May 2006 · International Review of Victimology

Joshua Woods

In the last fifty years, the sociology of crime has been transformed by a changing ideological climate, the politicization of crime research and a greater isolation of criminology with respect to its theories, methods, organization and physical location outside of sociology departments. The objective of this paper is to explore how these changes may have influenced today's general sociological ... [Show full abstract] literature on crime. We begin by laying out our basic theoretical assumptions. Next, the article offers an assessment of crime's status in the sociological literature throughout the twentieth century. Finally, we move to a more detailed analysis of the current research on crime. We analyze four consecutive issues from 31 general sociology journals published in 2003–2004. A thematic distinction is drawn between articles that focus on the perpetrators of crime and articles that highlight the effects of crime on its victims. After substantiating and refining this distinction, we identify where most of the articles belong in this typology and explain why our findings are important to anyone interested in the study of crime.

Article

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Criminal Justice Education: Are We Missing One-third of the Crime Triangle?

October 2014 · Journal of Criminal Justice Education

Theoretical explanations, systemic response, and policy work on offenders and specific crime types are the backbone of criminal justice curricula in the United States. However, a similar breadth and depth of education on crime victims appear to be lacking in traditional criminal justice curricula, despite voluminous research on victims of crime. In this exploratory study, the authors conducted a ... [Show full abstract] content analysis of 679 programs from the Academy of Criminal Justice (ACJS) website directory. Departmental and course-level variables were included in the analysis. Results indicate that while more than half of the programs have faculty with expressed interests in victimization, only 11% of programs studied required coursework on crime victims and/or victimization. Implications of the results are discussed.

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Article

THE NEEDS OF PACIFIC WOMEN WHEN THEY ARE VICTIMS OF FAMILY VIOLENCE

January 2005

Sashi Sharma

A concern about the dearth of research data on the specific needs of Pacific victims of crime led to a study which explored the needs of Pacific people who have been victims of three types of crime: violence, family violence and property offences. The study was designed to provide qualitative information to complement the quantitative information provided by the second New Zealand National Survey ... [Show full abstract] of Crime Victims 2001. Various Pacific theoretical frameworks for research were utilised to inform the design and analysis used in this study. This paper focuses on the women in that sample, and considers the needs of Pacific women who are victims of family violence. The findings indicate that victims of family violence were at different stages of dealing with the impacts of the violence inflicted by other members of their families. The paper concludes by suggesting some implications for social policy.

Self-defense and injury : the effects of sex, race, and sexual orientation in cases of intimate assault /

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