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AGRICULTURE & FOOD:
e-NEWSLETTER
www.agrifoodmagazine.co.in
Volume 3 - Issue 10
October 2021
Monthly online magazine in
agriculture, horticulture, food
technology and allied subjects
ISSN: 2581 - 8317
INDEX
Agriculture & Food: e-Newsletter Volume 03 – Issue 10 – October 2021
www.agrifoodmagazine.co.in
The articles published in this magazine are based on personal view / opinion of the authors
Magazine does not ensure the genuinely of the facts mentioned in the articles
Authors are solely responsible for plagiarism present in the article
www.agrifoodmagazine.co.in
12103
Preparation and Management of Quality Farm Yard Manure
283
12104
Papaya - Tropical Fruit - Health Benefits
286
12105
Artificial Intelligence - A Way to Smart Agriculture
288
12106
Jalkund- A Low-Cost Rainwater Harvesting Structure for Life-Saving Irrigation
291
12107
Biochar: Organic Mitigation Option of Heavy Metal Toxicity
296
12108
Heavy Metal Tolerance in Crops: Achievements and Challenges
298
12109
Citrus Microbiome
300
12110
Impact on Plant Diseases and Pests Under Change Climate in Future
304
12111
Fertilizer Requirement / Water Requirement in Rice Under Temperate Conditions
307
12112
Drudgery Reducing Technologies of Farm Women in Agriculture
309
12113
The Pics Bag, A Technology for Enhancing Storage Facilities of Crop Produce
312
12114
Production Technology of Kharif Onion
314
12115
Roles of Jasmonic Acid in Alleviating Abiotic Stresses in Plants
316
12116
Book Review of Horror, Loss & Hope: The Emperor of All Maladies
319
12117
Application of In-Vitro Mutagenesis in Vegetable Sciences
321
12118
Transporters: Role and Functions in Plants
324
12119
Hybrid Rice Seed Production
328
12120
Impact on Agri- Horticulture Marketing Due to COVID – 19 Crisis
331
12121
Scope and Prospectus of Terrace Farming in 21th Century
334
12122
Conservation Agriculture – New Paradigm Farming
337
12123
Space Agriculture
340
12124
Scientific Cultivation of Makhana
343
12125
Nanotechnology: A Novel Approach in Pest Management
345
12126
Organic Matter - An Important Component for Soil Management
346
12127
Cashew Leaf Twisting Weevil: Biology, Nature of Damage and its Management
348
12128
Post-Harvest Management of Underutilized Pomelo
352
12129
Scientific Cultivation of Makhana
356
12130
Public-Private Partnerships in Agriculture
359
Volume 3 - Issue 10 - October 2021 359 | P a g e
Public-Private Partnerships in Agriculture
Article ID: 12130
Rede G. D.1, Ingle S. G.1
1Teaching Associate, Department of Agricultural Economics, College of Agriculture, VNMKV, Parbhani,
(M.S.).
Abstract
This article explains how new practices of public-private partnerships (PPPs) can work for overall
development of agriculture sector. As we know that the public sector provides a promising organized
atmosphere for the agricultural development and also provides funds for research with local relevance. On
the other hand, private sector having substantial capability in product development and distribution.
But there are some effective ways through which the public and the private sector could work together and
jointly improve agricultural sustainability. Under Public-Private Partnerships, it can be supposed to offer
public organizations access to private-sector properties, including pioneering scientific expertise and
technologies for overall development of agriculture sector.
Introduction
Green Revolution made great progress in agriculture sector during the 1960s and 1970s. Companies and
public sector organizations around the world continue to achieve breakthroughs in many areas that
contribute to global food security.
Nonetheless, yields in key crops still vary significantly between farming regions, and often remain far below
their optimal potential. Crop losses pre- and post-harvest continue to prevent an estimated 40 percent of
agricultural produce from actually reaching the marketplace (Oerke et. al., 1996). There are many reasons
for these shortfalls, but one frequent cause is farmers’ lack of access to technology, adequate extension
services and poor market integration (Marco and Paul, 2011).
Conventionally, the public and private sector have tried to provide solutions distinctly, with the exception
of certain sections in the long path from basic research to well-known sustainable organization where
partnership was necessary. Agriculture sector is a knowledge and resource intensive sector. So for
sustainable development of the sector, special emphasis must be needed. Public sector in this context has
the lack of resources, so for sustainable development, involvement of private sectors proving as benefited
now a day.
Public Private Partnerships
PPPs are a popular type of collaboration in many sectors of the economy around the world. In one form or
another, partnerships between public institutions and private individuals or organizations have existed for
centuries. Public Private Partnership is a cooperative arrangement between one or more public and private
sectors, typically of a long-term basis.
Government have used such a mix of public and private endeavors for various public interest project. It is
a contractual agreement between a public agency (Federal, state or local) and a private sector entity.
Though this agreement, skills and assets of each sector (public and private) are shared in delivering service
or a facility for the use of a general public. In this partnership each party shares risk and reward potential
in the delivery of the service and/or facility.
The Public Partners in a PPP are government entities, including Ministries, departments, municipalities,
or state-owned enterprises whereas the private partners could be local or international and may include
business or investors with technical or financial enterprise relevant to the project. PPPs may also include
Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) and/or Community Based Organizations (CBOs) who represent
stakeholders directly affected by the project.
The Government’s contribution to a PPP may take the form of capital for investment (available through
tax revenue), a transfer of assets, or other commitments or in-kind contributions that support the
Volume 3 - Issue 9 - September 2021 360 | P a g e
partnership. The government also provide social responsibility, environmental awareness, local knowledge,
and an ability to mobilize political support. Where the private sector’s role is to make use of its expertise
in commerce, management, operations and innovation to run the business efficiently. The private partners
may also contribute investment capital depending on the form of contract. The structure of the partnership
should be designed to allocate risks amongst the partners based on their capabilities to manage those risks
and thus, minimize cost while improving performance.
PPPs can take a variety of forms. They are not limited to bilateral collaboration between a government
agency and a private corporation. PPP for sustainable agricultural development can also include, for
example, multi-partner structures that bring together private companies with entities such as non-
governmental organizations (NGO), university research institutes and foundations.
These structures have sometimes been termed “Hybrid Value Chains” that create shared value (Drayton
and Budinich, 2010). Broadly PPPs include both these forms and the many other possible for-profit/not-for-
profit combinations. Whatever form they take, successful PPPs have a number of features in common. The
rationale for their creation is always the same: to achieve more through partnership than any of the parties
could do on their own (Braun, 2011).
A PPP in agricultural research and development (R&D), for example, can overcome both the public sector’s
usually limited ability to take research outputs to market, and the private sector’s limited scope for
operation where there is no commercially viable market. Contracts, planning, inter-partner relationships
and the distribution of tasks within the PPP should all contribute to maximizing synergies between the
parties involved. There is also a growing realization of the value of PPP in agriculture, and particularly for
projects that benefit farmers in developing countries.
A pillar of PPP success is transparency. Partners need to understand and respect each other’s
communication requirements. In a PPP, ensuring full transparency and yet enabling collaborators to keep
some competitive advantage from privileged knowledge is a recurring challenge. Public sector parties are
not always comfortable with this aspect of deal-making, and may wish to postpone discussions until more
trust and understanding have been established. Experience suggests, however, that it is better to agree on
the fundamentals of commercial rights and transparency before investing a lot of time and money in other
aspects of the PPP.
The Advantages from this Partnership are as Follows
1. After involvement of private sector, On-time delivery of inputs, seeds, pesticides to the farmers.
2. Integration of resources of both sectors.
3. Creation of added value in the product.
4. Providing better public services.
5. Creation of better marketing facilities for the farmers
6. Supplementing limited public sector capacities.
7. Shared risk & responsibilities, so more effectiveness.
8. Benefits to small-scale, resource-poor and marginal farmers.
Conclusion
From the above article it is concluded that the usefulness is by no means limited to agricultural
development, but PPPs can make a major contribution in agriculture sector. PPPs are not automatically
the right choice to solve every challenge in agriculture. But in recent years there has been a trend towards
privatization of government extension services. For that reason, partnership of public and the private
sectors are made. The public sector must take earnest efforts to organize farmers and motivate and direct
them so that they can demand appropriate and better extension services from the private sector also. There
is also a need for transparency and trust between partners. After all collective action is needed for fulfilling
the needs of resource poor farmers and food-insecure consumers as most of the people of the country are
poor.
References
1. Braun, H. Wheat Rust; CIMMYT: Mexico. Available online: http://www.syngentafoundation.org/index.cfm?pageID=691
(accessed on 17 June 2011).
Volume 3 - Issue 9 - September 2021 361 | P a g e
2. Drayton, B.; Budinich, V. A new alliance for global change. Harvard Business Review, September 2010. Available online:
http://hbr.org/2010/09/a-new-alliance-for-global-change/ar/1(accessed on 17 June 2011).
3. Hall, A.J. (2004), Public private sector partnerships in an agricultural system of innovation: concepts and challenges. UNI-
MERIT Working Papers Series 2006-2, United Nations University, Maastricht.
4. Marco Ferroni and Paul Castle (2011) Public-Private Partnerships and Sustainable Agricultural Development. Sustainability,
3:1064-1073
5. Oerke, E.C.; Dehne, H.W.; Schönbeck, F.; Weber, A. Crop production and crop protection—Estimated losses in major food and
cash crops. Agric. Syst. 1996, 51, 493-495.
6. Richards, P. (2004), ‘Private versus public? Agenda-setting in international agrotechnologies.’ In: Jansen, K. and S. Vellema
(Eds.), Agribusiness and Society. Corporate Responses to Environmentalism, Market Opportunities and Public Regulation.
Zed Books, London, pp. 261-287.
7. Text Book of Agricultural Extension with Global Innovation- Sagar Mondal
8. Von Braun, J.; Ferroni, M. Public-Private Partnerships in Agriculture Research: Towards Best Practice and Replicable Models;
The World Bank: Washington, DC, USA, 2008.