... A rising number of interventions are implemented to enhance cyber resilience, prevent incidents, and develop threat intelligence activities (Conti, Dargahi, & Dehghantanha, 2018): the certification of ICT products and digital service providers (Cadzow, Sanchez, & Baldini, 2018;Kamara, Ronald Leenes, & Stuurman, and Jasper van den Boom., 2020;Khurshid, Alsaaidi, Aslam, & Raza, 2022;Tsvilii, 2021), information sharing among administrations (Luiijf & Klaver, 2015;Pala & Zhuang, 2019;Zibak & Simpson, 2019), audit activities, monitoring, and risk assessments (Dupont, 2019;Mughal, 2018;Onwubiko, 2015), and network security procedures to safeguard data against malware (Badsha, Vakilinia, & Sengupta, 2019;Markopoulou, Papakonstantinou, & de Hert, 2019;Schünemann & Baumann, 2017;Sule, Zennaro, & Thomas, 2021). ...