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Effect of endophytes as phosphate solubilizing bacteria on Vigna radiata plant
Abstract
Three Endophytes as phosphate solubilizing bacteria isolated from leaf of Citrus limon plant, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus vallismortis and Bacillus licheniformis on the premise in their morphological, cultural and biochemical reactions. Their phosphate solubilizing performance come to be confirmed on Pikovskaya medium. Seeds of Vigna radiata have been dealt with individual as well as combined further to blended inoculation of all 3 bacteria and after 3 days of incubation seed germination rate have become calculated in all pot. The increase ends up exponential in consortium and combination of bacterial inoculated seeds while a lower come to be located in commercial biofertilizer and in humic acid in comparison to govern. Apart from seed germination plant vegetative parameters end result moreover advocate that seed treatment and root-shoot growth became will increase with the ones phosphate-solubilizing microorganism enhances seedling and plant growth, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus vallismortis and Bacillus licheniformis this endophytes may be use in shape of biofertilizer should be promoted.
... Rhizobacteria that can dissolve insoluble phosphates will generate halos. Using the diameter of clearing halo zones, the P solubilization index (PSI) is determined using the formula below (Rathod and Saraf 2021a;Jain et al. 2020). ...
Abiotic stress is the most significant constraint to agricultural productivity. Crop plants must deal with adverse external pressures caused by environmental conditions through their internal biological systems, leading to a loss in development, growth, and productivity. Plant-associated microbes are crucial to crop yields. Although numerous studies have shown that single bacteria can benefit plants, it is becoming increasingly clear that when a microbial consortium—two or more associating microorganisms are implicated, synergistic or additive results can be predicted. Microbial consortia, which are being assessed as a strategy for applications in a range of fields, must be characterized and managed. In this review, we propose a step-by-step technique for identifying whether the plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPMs) included can form viable microbial consortia for future application, and if so, how to establish the ideal combinations. To determine the optimal consortia combinations, different techniques were used, in which diverse PGPMs with host growth-supporting features were explored to evaluate if they could function in cohesion and offer a cumulative effect toward better plant growth promotion. To evaluate the valuable microbial consortia, tests for compatibility, response to external stimuli (pH, temperature), generation time, a unique and rapid plant bioassay, and pot experimentation strategies should be employed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) methods can be employed to confirm the presence of microbial consortia on the roots of plants. The microbial consortium found in the root microbiome stimulates plant growth by regulating the synthesis of phytohormones, osmolytes, organic acids, increased nutrient intake, and an enhanced antioxidant system, all of which help plants to cope with stress. In this review, we cover the numerous strategies that can be used to develop the most competent consortia and their prospective application in managing abiotic stress.KeywordsMicrobial-consortiaPGPMsRapid plant bioassaySEMTEMAbiotic Stress
... Proline, total polyphenol, chlorophyll and gibberellic acid content was patterned after pot study. All pots study kept it in thrice [27]. ...
Endophytes have a property of biofertilizer as well as they work as PGPB and good source of secondary metabolites as phytochemicals properties too. The object of this study was to identify functional groups present in plant extract as phytochemicals for
plant of Pisum sativum and Vigna angularis which were inoculated with consortium of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus tequilensis, Bacillus
amyloliquefaciens. With compared of control remains as uninoculated with endophytes. Here we can distinguish changes in functional group of test plant and control plant of Pisum sativum and Vigna angularis and differentiate them
through FTIR of plant extract due to the presence of endophytic consortium of three different bacteria.
Endophytes are to be found inside of the plant which truly matters all around on earth. These microorganisms live in the living tissues of the host plant and do as such in an assortment of connections, going from harmonious to somewhat pathogenic. It occupies such biotopes, to be specific, higher plants, which is the reason they are presently viewed as a wellspring of novel auxiliary metabolites offering the potential for therapeutic, horticultural, as well as mechanical abuse. Planting organic product trees likewise have numerous accommodating ecological advantages, from cleaner air to decreased vitality expenses and green occupations. Citrus variety is the most significant natural product tree crop on the planet and lemon is the third most significant Citrus species. To decide of least inhibitory focuses (MIC) and least bactericidal fixations (MBC) of the endophytes of viable plant and detached endophytes from various pieces of Citrus limon against most defenseless bacterial strains of E.coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, Micrococcus luteus and Enterobacter aeruginosa. This plant extract and endophytes having bioactive compounds which end up being conceivably successful can be utilized as a normal option in contrast to anti-microbials and preventives to control food contamination sicknesses and protect nourishment stuff keeping away from solid risks of synthetically antimicrobial operator applications.
Mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) is an important pulse consumed all over the world, especially in Asian countries, and has a long history of usage as traditional medicine. It has been known to be an excellent source of protein, dietary fiber, minerals, vitamins, and significant amounts of bioactive compounds, including polyphenols, polysaccharides, and peptides, therefore, becoming a popular functional food in promoting good health. The mung bean has been documented to ameliorate hyperglycemia, hyperlipemia, and hypertension, and prevent cancer and melanogenesis, as well as possess hepatoprotective and immunomodulatory activities. These health benefits derive primarily from the concentration and properties of those active compounds present in the mung bean. Vitexin and isovitexin are identified as the major polyphenols, and peptides containing hydrophobic amino acid residues with small molecular weight show higher bioactivity in the mung bean. Considering the recent surge in interest in the use of grain legumes, we hope this review will provide a blueprint to better utilize the mung bean in food products to improve human nutrition and further encourage advancement in this field.
Plants acquire phosphorus from soil solution as phosphate anion. It is the least mobile element in plant and soil contrary to other macronutrients. It precipitates in soil as orthophosphate or is absorbed by Fe and Al oxides through legend exchange. Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria play role in phosphorus nutrition by enhancing its availability to plants through release from inorganic and organic soil P pools by solubilization and mineralization. Principal mechanism in soil for mineral phosphate solubilization is lowering of soil pH by microbial production of organic acids and mineralization of organic P by acid Phosphatase. Use of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria as inoculants increases P uptake. These bacteria also increase prospects of using phosphatic rocks in crop production. Greater efficiency of P solubilizing bacteria has been shown through co-inoculation with other beneficial bacteria and mycorrhiza. This article incorporates the recent developments on microbial P solubilization into classical knowledge on the subject.
Crops absorb phosphorous in the form of soluble orthophosphate ion. The solubility of phosphate is inhibited by the presence of iron and aluminium in acidic soils and calcium in neutral and alkaline soils. This leads to fixation of phosphorous, making it not available to crop plants. The phosphate solubilizing bacteria (phosphobacteria) secretes some kinds of organic acids which act on insoluble phosphates and convert the same into soluble form, thus providing phosphorous to plant. An experiment was conducted to enumerate the population density of phosphobacteria in the rhizosphere soils of brinjal, chilly, cotton, green grain, groundnut, maize, paddy, ragi, sorghum and turmeric using Ketznelson and Bose medium following dilution plate technique. Efforts have been made to isolate phosphobacteria from these soils and isolated strains were inoculated in specific media containing specific substrates to produce growth regulating substances such as IAA and GA3 and phosphatase enzyme. The result showed that the population levels of phosphobacteria were higher in the rhizosphere soil of groundnut plant. Further, all the strains of phosphobacteria were able to produce phytohormones and phosphatase enzyme under in vitro conditions.
Citrus limon (Lemon) belongs to Family Rutaceae, is commonly known as Kagdi Limbu or Lime. The current examination was to decide the total alkaloid content in Citrus limon plant and its endophytes isolated of leaf, steam, root, seed and peel. The total alkaloid content (TAC) was assessed spectrophotometrically utilizing Bromocresol green strategy and HPLC with caffeine as standard. rich
Probiotics are commonly used in functional foods for humans, as well as therapeutic, prophylactic and growth supplements in animal production and human health. It may be considered as an alternative to antimicrobials in disease control strategies of cultured
fish. Plant Probiotic bacteria have both properties; Probiotic as well as Plant growth promoting property. Plant Probiotic is formulated to re-establish advantageous microbial
populaces that give the dirt the fundamental parts to advance substantial development and decrease plant pressure. It is a unique complex of beneficial microorganisms.
Pseudomonas cepacia is known as a rock phosphate (RP) solubilizer in bioreactors and in soils. The objectives of this study were to determine the production rates of gluconic acid (GA, pK(d) 3.41) and 2-ketogluconic acid (KGA, pK(d) 2.66) by the bacteria in the presence of clay minerals which prevail in soils, and the resulting rate and extent of orthophosphate (OP) release into the suspension solutions. Suspensions (1:40) of RP, RP + Ca-kaolinite (CaKL), RP + Ca-montmorillonite (CaMT), and RP + K-montmorillonite (KMT) were inoculated with P. cepacia E37. The electrical conductivity (EC) and pH, and the OP, glucose, GA, KGA, Ca, and Al concentrations were determined in the suspension solutions as functions of time. In a given clay system, the rate-limiting step in RP dissolution was the rate of GA release by the E37. This acid lowered the pH of all the clay suspensions to 2.7 to 2.8, which resulted in a pronounced increase in the OP concentration in solution, Cp. As glucose was depleted from the system, the KGA concentration increased with a concomitant lowering in pH to ≃2.5. At this pH, a sharp decline in Cp occurred, which was attributed to Al release by the alumosilicates, and formation of a new, stable Al-P or Fe-P solid phase. The E37 glucose oxidation efficiency (GOE) was considerably inhibited in CaKL as compared with CaMT or KMT. The GA and KGA adsorption by the clays or their Ca complexation did not play a role in the E37-mediated RP solubilization.
A Review on Halotolerant and Halophilic Phosphate-Solubilizing Biofertilizers on Canola (Brassica napus L.)
- N Bhadaniya
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