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Egypt. J. Agro. Vol. 40., No. 3 pp. 207 - 221 (2018)
Introduction
Sugarcane (Saccharum spp. L.) is considered
the main crop for sugar industry in the world.
Sugarcane is the main source for sugar production
in Egypt. Cane and sugar yields as well as juice
quality greatly affected by nitrogen and phosphor
fertilization levels and applied of organic fertilizer.
Concerning sugarcane fertilization with nutritional
elements required for plant growth, it’s known that
nitrogen has a close relationship with yield and its
components, where it plays a direct role on growth
behavior and juice quality of sugar cane. Nitrogen
unites with carbonic compounds to produce a many
different organic compounds like chlorophyll,
protoplasm, proteins, nucleic acids, vitamins and
enzymes. Nitrogen is responsible for growth and
development of all living tissues of cane plants.
Regarding nitrogen fertilization effect, Nassar
THE PRESENT investigation was carried out at Shandaweel Agricultural Research Station,
Sohag Governorate (latitude of 26°33'N, longitude of 31°41'E and Altitude of 69m), in the
two successive seasons 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 to investigate the effect of study the effect of
work was carried out in a Randomized Complete Blocks Design (RCBD) using a split-split plot
arrangement in three replications in both growing seasons.
The results showed that increasing nitrogen levels from 150 up to 210kg N/fad resulted in a
Super phosphate addition by rates 30kg P2O5
length, diameter, number of millable canes, stalk weight and cane and sugar yields, as well as
plant length, diameter, number of millable canes, stalk weight, cane and sugar yields, as well as
Keywords: Sugarcane, Filter cake, Phosphorus, Nitrogen, Cane yield.
16
Enhancement of Yield and Quality of Sugarcane by Applied
Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Filter Cake
M.A. Bekheet(1), A.F.I. Gadallah(1) and Y.A.M. Khalifa(2)#
(1)Sugar Crops Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Caior, Egypt;
(2)Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch,
Assuit, Egypt.
et al. (2005) pointed out that increasing nitrogen
levels up to 240kg N/fad decreased sucrose,
however application of 240kg N/fad increased
stalk length and diameter, number of millable cane
and cane yield. Ahmed & El-Shafai (2007) found
that increasing inorganic-N levels from 120 up
millable cane height, millable cane diameter,
millable cane/m2, cane and sugar yields in the plant
cane and 1st ratoon crops. Applying 180kg N/fad
gave the highest sucrose%. Mokadem et al. (2008)
reveled that increasing N levels attained a positive
canes/fad, cane yield/fad, sugar yield/fed and
sugar recovery%. El-Geddawy et al. (2012) found
that increasing N levels from 170 to 230kg N/fad
produced stalk height, stalk diameter, stalk fresh
weight, millable canes/fad, cane and sugar yields,
#Corresponding author email: yasserbeet@yahoo.com
DOI: 10.21608/agro.2018.4924.1110
©2018 National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC)
208
Egypt. J. Agro. 40, No. 3 (2018)
M.A. BEKHEET et al.
Neana & Abd El-Hak (2014) concluded that length
and stalk diameter, cane and sugar yields and
levels from 140 up to 200kg N/fad in both seasons.
Abd El-Aal et al. (2015) reported that increasing
N fertilization level from 180 to 210 and 240kg
diameter and cane yield of plant cane. On the
contrary, sucrose and sugar recovery percentage
increased. Bekheet & Abd El-Aziz (2016) found
that raising N fertilization level from 180 to 220kg
stalk height, millable diameter, number of millable
canes, cane and sugar yields/fad in both seasons.
Phosphorus is necessary for the synthesis of
phosphorylated compounds and a lack of this
nutrient immediately disturbs plant metabolism and
development (Santos et al., 2010). El-Soghier et al.
(2003) used four levels of phosphorus fertilization
(0, 30, 60 and 90kg P2O5/fad) on sugarcane. They
found that increasing phosphorus fertilization
level up to 90kg P2O5/fad increased stalk length,
number of millable cane/fad, cane and sugar
yields (tons/fad). A bout juice quality the results
showed that increasing phosphorus fertilizer level
up to 30kg P2O5
purity percentages. Osman et al. (2004) showed
that phosphorus fertilization 200kg as calcium
superphosphate (15.5% P2O5/fad) increased
stalk length, number of millable cane (thousand/
fad), cane and sugar yield (tons/fad). El-Sayed
et al. (2005) studied the effect of three levels of
phosphorus fertilizer (30, 45 and 60kg P2O5/fad).
They found that increasing phosphorus fertilization
levels up to 60kg P2O5
number of plants/m2, stalk height, millable diameter
and sugar recovery%. Elamin et al. (2007) showed
that phosphorus by rates 0, 64.5 and 129kg P2O5/
juice purity%. Santos et al. (2014) found that there
at the time of planting. The best combination for
the productivity of stalks and sugarcane ratoons
2.0ton/ha with 100 to 200kg/ha soluble phosphate
at planting.
of bagasse and decanting sludge, has high levels
of organic matter, phosphorus and calcium. The
and its release, as it happens to the nitrogen, occurs
gradually by mineralization and by microorganisms
attack in the soil (Santos et al., 2010), respectively
over control. Pakkiyappan & Saminathan (1999)
suggested that application of press mud at 37.5ton/
soils of Coimbatore improve the quality of
Sugar) percent. Press mud application increased
78.5 percent sugar yield over control. Kalaimani
& Giridharan (2001) reported that tiller population
same trend. Yield differences between treatments
ranged from 4 to 20ton/ha in press mud soil than
non-press mud soil. Kumar & Verma (2002)
studied the effects of inorganic fertilizers NPK,
singly or in combination with organic fertilizers
press mud (PM), on the yield and juice quality
of sugarcane. They found that the application of
organic fertilizers press mud (PM) with N+P+K
gave the highest cane length and diameter, sucrose
and commercial cane sugar in the two growing
seasons. The application of organic fertilizers
with N+P+K gave the highest values of sucrose,
commercial cane sugar, cane yield, number of
millable canes, single cane weight and sugar yield in
the two growing seasons. Babu et al. (2005) found
that the application of farmyard manure and press
mud resulted in the highest mean cane (145.8ton/
ha) and sugar yield (15.08 ton/ha), respectively.
Shankaraiah & Murthy (2005) using chemical
fertilizers 50%, 75% and 100% of recommended
Integrated at recommended fertilization. Resulted
cane, sugar yields. And other yield parameters viz
height, weight and diameter of millable cane were
of fertility and addition of FC in general. Santos et
and 4.0tons/ha and phosphorus fertilizer doses 0,
50, 100 and 200kg/ha of P2O5. They found that
cake rates applied to the soil. Abd-El-Kader (2017)
obtained that number of millable cane (thousand/
fad), single millable cane weight kg, length and
found the best combination which cakes
209
Egypt. J. Agro. 40, No. 3 (2018)
ENHANCEMENT OF YIELD AND QUALITY OF SUGARCANE...
at a dose between 1.0 and 2.0mg ha-1 with 100 to
200kg ha-1 soluble phosphate applied at planting.
This method obtains higher stalk and sugar yields
for sugarcane ratoons (Girma Abejehu, 2015).
The results
cake and the interaction effect
fertilizer were highly
sugar yields;
while the main effect of mineral fertilizer was not
highly improved nutritional quality.
The aim of this study investigate the effect of
quality of sugarcane.
Materials And Methods
carried out at
Shandaweel Agricultural Research Station (latitude
of 26°33’N, longitude of 31°41’E and Altitude of
69 m), Sohag Governorate, in the two successive
seasons of 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 to study the
cake on
yield and quality of sugar cane under conditions of
Sohag Governorate.
in a
randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) using
a split-split plot arrangement in three replications in
both growing seasons. The levels of nitrogen 150,
180 and 210kg N/fad were allocated in the main
plots, the levels of phosphorus15 and 30kg P2O5/
fad distributed in the
0, 2 and 4ton/fad were distributed randomly in the
sub-sub plots. The2
1/120 fad including 5 rows of 1m and 7m in length.
Sugarcane Geza 2003-47 was planted during
the last week of February and harvested after 12
months in both seasons, using the dry method of
planting with 3-buded pieces of cane cuttings, were
drilled in each furrow. Nitrogen fertilizer applied in
the form urea 46% was divided into equal doses,
which were applied after 60 days from planting
and 30 days later. Phosphorus fertilizer as calcium
super phosphate 15.5% P2O5
applied during land preparation at rate (0, 2 and
4tons/fad, while potassium fertilizer at rate of
48kg K2O/fad was added with the second dose of
nitrogen fertilization. regarding irrigation of cane
3
per season, the plant irrigated every 15 day in the
day after that every 21 days.
Mechanical and chemical properties of the
is presented in Table 2 and Meteorological data are
presented in the Table 3.
TABLE 1. Mechanical and chemical properties of the upper 40cm of the experimental soil sites.
Season 2016/2017 2017/2018
Mechanical
Sand% 56.34 51.57
Silt 28.44 26.30
Clay 15.22 22.13
Sandy loam Sandy loam
Chemical analysis
N Available(ppm) 0.20 0.17
CaCo3% 1.20 1.34
Co3 Meq/100g 0 0
H Co3 Meq/100g 0.30 0. 26
Cl-
Meq/100g 0.89 0.79
So4
=
Meq/100g 1.02 1.02
Ca++
Meq/100g 0.53 0.50
Mg++
Meq/100g 0.27 0.23
Na+
Meq/100g 1.25 1.19
K+
Meq/100g 0.16 0.15
EC(ds/m) (1:5) 0.24 0.23
pH 7.5 7.6
210
Egypt. J. Agro. 40, No. 3 (2018)
M.A. BEKHEET et al.
TABLE
2017/20182016/2017Season
3.0%2.87%Total –N ( % )
Macro elements (%) 1.49%1.40%Total – P ( % )
0.75%0.70%Total – K ( % )
3433Fe
Micro elements (mg/kg ) 305285Mn
113108Zn
135123Cu
31.6030.50Organic matter %
23.3318.60Organic – C %
7.617.44pH ( 1:5 ) Susp
1.0501.025EC ( dsm-1 ) ( 1:5 )
13:79:3C/N Ratio
50.8%52%Humidity%
TABLE 3. Meteorological data recorded at Shandaweel Agricultural Research Station (2016/2017 and 2017/2018 seasons) **
Average wind
speed
(m/sec)
Average RH%Average Tem. oC
Month
Min. RH%Max. RH%T. min.T. max.
1618.880.67.526.8February 2015
1917.867.113.731.5March
1919.755.215.333.8April
1720.750.821.439.1May
1325.763.222.239.7June
8.221.083.221.241.1July
8.424.482.123.241.8August
14.624.790.120.841.4September
16.324.984.519.036.7October
16.118.790.211.230.6November
15.621.293.25.223.9December
7.918.483.32.420.5January 2016
1215.168.28.127.8February
11.518.955.615.231.3March
10.913.848.017.537.2April
10.716.643.020.238.1May
12.419.245.322.841.3June
12.817.460.721.940.0July
14.416.862.820.238.2August
15.816.262.717.4368September
9.815.566.814.734.4October
11.815.469.59.929.0November
14.415.971.64.923.4December
9.515.562.34.722.2January 2017
11.514.156.96.224.0February
12.615.250.311.528.7March
211
Egypt. J. Agro. 40, No. 3 (2018)
ENHANCEMENT OF YIELD AND QUALITY OF SUGARCANE...
The recorded data
The following data were recorded at harvest:
1. Millable length (cm).
2. Millable diameter (cm).
3. Mmillable weight (kg).
4. Number of millable canes in (thousand/fad)
was counted in one square meter base then
converted into a number per feddan (4200m2).
Juice quality
At harvest, a sample of 20 millable canes
from each treatment was taken at random, cleaned
and crushed through milland was analyzed to
determination of the following traits:
of Sugar and Integrated Industries Company
(Anonymous, 2006).
according to A.O.A.C. (1995).
3. Juice purity% was calculated using the
following equation:
4. Sugar recovery percentage was calculated as
follows:
Yields
1. Cane yield/fad (tons) it was determined from
the weight of the three middle rows of each
plot (kg) converted into ton/fad.
2. Sugar yield/fad (tons) was estimated according
to the following equation:
Row sugar production= Cane yield (tons/fad)
Statistical analysis
The data were statistically analyzed according
to Gomez & Gomez (1984), using the computer
(LSD) treatment at probability level at 0.05 was
manually calculated to compare the differences
among means.
Results and Discussion
Millable length and diameter
Data in Table 4 showed that increasing nitrogen
increase in millable length amounted to 7.22
and 22.00cm in the 1st season, corresponding to
12.16 and 26.05 m in the 2nd one, respectively as
compared with that recorded when fertilization
was given at 150kg N/fad. Likewise, an increase
of 0.03 and 0.05cm in millable diameter was
recorded in the 1st season, corresponding to 0.02
and 0.05cm in the 2nd one. These results fairly
proved that the supplying sugarcanes with 210kg
nitrogen was physiologically needed for better
their highest potential, compared to those given
150 nutrients at the lowest rate. These results are
in harmony with those reported by and Nassar et
al. (2005), Ahmed & El-Shafai (2007), Mokadem
et al. (2008), EL-Gedawwy et al. (2012), Neana &
Abd El-Hak (2014), Abd El-Aal et al. (2015) and
Bekheet & Abd El-Aziz (2016).
Results given in the same Table 4 showed that
increasing levels of phosphorus fertilizers level
increase millable in length and diameter in both
seasons, using 30kg P2O5/fad gave the highest
values of millable length and diameter. This result
may be due to the role of phosphorus in meristemic
activity of plant tissues. These results are similar
with those obtained by El-Sogheir et al. (2003),
Osman et al. (2004) and El-Sayed et al. (2005).
The results indicated that increasing level
4tons/fad increased stalk height and diameter of
respectively, in the 1st season, corresponding to 9.28
and 19.11cm and 0.03 and 0.04cm, in the 2nd season.
in addition of some organic matter and nutrients to
the soil used by cane plants as shown in Table 2.
by Kumar & Verma (2002), Shankaraiah & Murthy
(2005) and Abd-El-Kader (2017).
The interaction between nitrogen levels and
stalk length in the 1st season only. The longest
stalk of cane is 303.89cm was recorded fertilizer by
210kg N/fad with applying 30kg P2O5/fad.
212
Egypt. J. Agro. 40, No. 3 (2018)
M.A. BEKHEET et al.
TABLE 4
Nitrogen
levels
(kg N/fad)
(N)
Phosphorus
levels
(kg P2O5/fad)
(P)
Millable length (cm) Millable diameter (cm)
2016/2017 season 2017/2018 season 2016/2017 season 2017/2018 season
Filter cake ton/fad (F) Mean Filter cake ton/fad (F) Mean Filter cake ton/fad (F) Mean
Filter cake ton/
fad (F)
0 2 4 0 2 4 0 2 4 0 2 4
150
15 263.33 273.00 284.33 273.56 263.00 270.00 285.67 272.89 2.60 2.64 2.67 2.64 2.61 2.64 2.67
30 271.00 275.00 289.67 278.56 268.67 276.67 289.33 278.22 2.62 2.67 2.70 2.66 2.66 2.68 2.69
Mean 267.17 274.00 287.00 276.06 265.83 273.33 287.50 275.56 2.61 2.66 2.69 2.65 2.63 2.66 2.68
180
15 271.67 279.00 288.00 279.56 276.33 285.00 290.00 283.78 2.64 2.64 2.69 2.66 2.65 2.67 2.69
30 279.67 285.33 296.00 287.00 282.67 293.67 298.67 291.67 2.67 2.70 2.71 2.70 2.67 2.71 2.71
Mean 275.67 282.17 292.00 283.28 279.50 289.33 294.33 287.72 2.65 2.67 2.70 2.68 2.66 2.69 2.70
210
15 284.00 292.33 300.33 292.22 286.33 298.33 307.67 297.44 2.67 2.69 2.72 2.70 2.69 2.71 2.72
30 294.67 304.67 312.33 303.89 296.00 305.00 316.33 305.78 2.67 2.72 2.73 2.71 2.70 2.73 2.74
Mean 289.33 298.50 306.33 298.06 291.17 301.67 312.00 301.61 2.67 2.70 2.73 2.70 2.70 2.72 2.73
15 273.00 281.44 290.89 281.78 275.22 284.44 294.44 284.70 2.63 2.66 2.70 2.66 2.65 2.67 2.69
30 281.78 288.33 299.33 289.82 282.44 291.78 305.78 291.89 2.65 2.70 2.71 2.69 2.68 2.71 2.72
277.39 284.89 295.11 278.83 288.11 297.94 2.64 2.68 2.70 2.66 2.69 2.70
LSD at 0.5 level for:
Nitrogen levels (N) 2.19 3.93 0.01
Phosphorus levels (P) 1.82* 2.25* 0.01*
Filter cake (F) 2.25 1.26 0.01
3.15 NS NS
NS 2.18 0.02
3.18 1.78 0.01
5.50 NS 0.02
213
Egypt. J. Agro. 40, No. 3 (2018)
ENHANCEMENT OF YIELD AND QUALITY OF SUGARCANE...
The interaction between nitrogen levels and
length in the 2nd season only, while millable
diameter affected in the 1st season only.
effect on millable length in both seasons and
stalk of cane 299.33 and 305.78cm when adding
super phosphate at 30kg P2O5
cake rate 4tons/fad in both seasons, respectively.
The 2nd order interactions among the three
millable length and diameter in the 1st season
only. Fertilization sugar cane by rate 210kg N/
fad with added 30kg P2O5
cake, give the highest millable length and
diameter which were (312.33 and 2.73cm) in
the 1st season.
Millable weight and number of millable cane
Results in Table 5 showed that increasing
nitrogen fertilization levels from 180 to 210
and number of millable cane/fad (thousand/
fad) amounted to (0.036 and 0.069kg/plant)
and (0.482 0.913thousand/fad) in the 1st
season, corresponding to (0.033 and 0.083kg/
plant) and (0.544 and 0.879thousand/fad) in
the 2nd one, respectively as compared with that
recorded when fertilization was given at 150kg
N/fad. This result may be due to the role of N
in promotes tillering and canopy development
and stalk formation. this results is in a good line
with that reported Nassar et al. (2005), Ahmed
& El-Shafai (2007), Mokadem et al. (2008), El-
Gedawwy et al. (2012) and Bekheet & Abd El-
Aziz (2016).
Results in the same Table obtained that the
addition of phosphorus was given at a rate of
30kg P2O5/fad gave the highest stalk weight kg/
plant and number of millable cane/fad in both
seasons. This result may be due to the vital
role of phosphorus for plant metabolism and
photosynthesis as well as promote tillering,
canopy and stalk development all of this
These results are similar with those obtained by
El-Sogheir et al. (2003), Osman et al. (2004), El-
Sayed et al. (2005) and Abd-El-Kader (2017).
The results obtained that increasing level
4tons/fad increased stalk weight kg/plant and
number of millable cane/fad by (0.025 and
0.047kg/plant) and (0.758 and 1.298thousand/
fad) compared to that recorded by canes left
st
season, corresponding to (0.022 and 0.043kg/
plant) and (0.663 and 1.243thousand/fad) in the
2nd season. These results could be referred to
and nutrients to the soil used by cane plants (as
with those obtained by Kalaimani & Giridharan
(2001), Kumar & Verma (2002), Shankaraiah &
Murthy (2005) and Abd- El-Kader (2017).
nd season only
while, number of millable cane/fad was affected
in the 1st season only. The highest stalk weight
1.388kg/plant and number of millable cane/fad
43.376thousand/fad resulted from by fertilizer
210kg N/fad with added 30kg P2O5/fad.
The interaction between nitrogen levels
weight kg/plant in both seasons, while number
of millable cane affected in the second season
only.
effect on stalk weight kg/plant in both seasons,
the highest stalk weight kg/plant 1.326 and
1.317kg/plant when adding super phosphate at
30kgP2O5
fad in both seasons, respectively. Number of
st season only,
the highest number of millable cane/fad was
recorded by appling 30kg P2O5/fad and 4ton
The 2nd order interaction among the three
on millable weight kg/plant in both seasons.
Fertilization sugar cane by 210kg N/fad with
added 30kg P2O5
the highest stalk weight kg/plant which were
(1.352 and 1.360kg/plant) in the both seasons,
respectively.
Juice quality
Data in Tables 6 and 7 show that nitrogen
214
Egypt. J. Agro. 40, No. 3 (2018)
M.A. BEKHEET et al.
and sugar recovery percentages, in both seasons
recovery percentages values were noticed as
nitrogen rate increased from 150 up to 210kg
N/fad, while increasing nitrogen fertilization
from 150 up to 210kg N/fad decrease purity
percentage. Similar results were observed by
Nassar et al. (2005), Mokadem et al. (2008), El-
Geddawy et al. (2012) and Neana & Abd El-Hak
(2014).
The results in the same Tables showed that
increasing rates of phosphorus from 15 to 30kg
P2O5
season only increasing P fertilizing sugarcane
wit levels from 15 to 30kg/P/fad decrease purity
percentage. These results are in agreement with
those mentioned by by El-Sogheir et al. (2003),
Osman et al. (2004), El-Sayed et al. (2005) and
Abd-El-Kader (2017).
The results obtained that increasing level
0.94%), (0.49 and 0.80%) and (0.34 and 0.55%)
compared to that recorded by canes left without
st season,
corresponding to (0.49 and 0.82), (0.37 and
0.70%) and (0.22 and 0.48%) in the 2nd season
season. Filter cake is a good source of organic
matter, NPK and important micronutrients
(as shown in Table 2). As well as, improving
fertility, productivity and other physical
on the previous characters. These results are
in line with those reported by Pakkiyappan &
Saminathan (1999), Kumar & Verma (2002) and
Abd- El-Kader (2017).
by the interaction between nitrogen level and
phosphorus fertilization level in both seasons.
only
affected by the interaction between nitrogen
while, purity and sugar recovery percentages
st season only.
while, purity and sugar recovery percentages
st season only.
The 2nd order interaction among the studied
and sucrose percentages in both seasons, while,
the 1st season only.
Cane and sugar yields
the tested nitrogen fertilization levels on cane
and sugar yields ton/fad in both seasons (Table
8). The results showed that cane and sugar yields
by raising nitrogen fertilization level increasing
to 180 and to 210kg N/fad, which were (2.182
and 4.122ton/fad) and 0.276 and 0.692ton/fad)
in the 1st season, corresponding to (2.099 and
4.679ton/fad) and (0.399 and 0.837ton/fad) in
the 2nd season, compared to that supplied with
150kg N/fad. These results fairly proved that
the supplying sugarcanes with 210kg N/fad
nutrients was physiologically needed for better
attain their highest potential, compared to those
given 150kg N/fad nutrients at the lowest rate.
This may be due to the effect of fertilization
by the nutrient in the physiological process such
as(photosynthesis, transport and accumulation
of sucrose) These results are in agreement
with those reported by Santos et al. (2014),
Girma Abejehu (2015), Ahmed & El-Shafai
(2007), Mokadem et al. (2008), EL-Gedawwy
et al. (2012) Neana & Abd El-Hak (2014) and
Bekheet & Abd El-Aziz (2016).
Data in the same table showed that cane and
application levels. The results in Table 8 show
that application of 30kg P2O5/fad at planting
produced the highest cane and sugar yields (tons/
fad) which were (55.235 and 54.831tons/fad)
and 6.187 and 6.136tons/fad) in both seasons,
respectively, compared by addition 15kgP2O5/
fad. These results are in line with those reported
by El-Sogheir et al. (2003), Osman et al. (2004),
Santos et al. (2010) and Santos et al. (2014).
215
Egypt. J. Agro. 40, No. 3 (2018)
ENHANCEMENT OF YIELD AND QUALITY OF SUGARCANE...
TABLE
seasons
Nitrogen
levels
(kg N/fad)
(N)
Phosphorus
levels
(kg P2O5/fad)
(P)
Millabe cane (thousand/fad) Millable weight (kg/stalk)
2016/2017 season 2017/2018 season 2016/2017 season 2017/2018 season
Filter cake ton/fad (F) Mean Filter cake ton/fad (F) Mean Filter cake ton/fad (F) Mean Filter cake ton/fad (F) Mean
0 2 4 0 2 4 0 2 4 0 2 4
150
15 41.867 42.352 42.622 42.084 41.417 42.240 42.675 42.111 1.218 1.255 1.285 1.253 1.205 1.237 1.255 1.232
30 41.800 42.538 43.157 42.498 41.855 42.560 43.245 42.553 1.245 1.265 1.303 1.271 1.233 1.247 1.288 1.256
Mean 41.540 42.445 42.889 42.291 41.636 42.400 42.960 42.332 1.232 1.260 1.294 1.262 1.219 1.242 1.272 1.244
180
15 41.937 42.580 43.150 42.566 42.073 42.645 43.192 42.637 1.270 1.297 1.308 1.292 1.260 1.270 1.282 1.271
30 42.317 43.000 43.657 42.991 42.515 43.150 43.683 43.116 1.285 1.312 1.322 1.306 1.268 1.283 1.302 1.284
Mean 42.127 42.790 43.403 42.773 42.294 42.897 43.438 42.876 1.277 1.304 1.315 1.298 1.264 1.277 1.292 1.277
210
15 42.385 43.053 43.658 43.032 42.427 43.032 43.670 43.043 1.303 1.325 1.352 1.327 1.297 1.315 1.338 1.317
30 42.707 43.452 43.968 43.376 42.740 43.378 44.017 43.378 1.317 1.337 1.352 1.335 1.305 1.348 1.360 1.388
Mean 42.546 43.253 43.813 43.204 42.583 43.205 43.843 43.211 1.310 1.331 1.352 1.331 1.301 1.332 1.349 1.327
15 41.867 42.662 43.143 42.557 41.972 42.639 43.179 42.597 1.264 1.292 1.315 1.290 1.254 1.274 1.292 1.273
30 42.274 42.997 43.594 42.955 42.370 43.029 43.648 43.016 1.282 1.304 1.326 1.304 1.269 1.293 1.317 1.293
42.071 42.829 43.369 42.171 42.834 43.414 1.273 1.298 1.320 1.261 1.283 1.304
LSD at 0.5 level for:
Nitrogen levels (N) 0.062 0.084 0.004 0.005
Phosphorus levels (P) 0.071* 0.047* 0.003* 0.001*
Filter cake (F) 0.104 0.041 0.003 0.003
0.122 NS NS 0.001
NS 0.070 0.005 0.005
0.147 NS 0.004 0.004
NS NS 0.006 0.007
216
Egypt. J. Agro. 40, No. 3 (2018)
M.A. BEKHEET et al.
TABLE
Nitrogen
levels
(kg N/fad)
(N)
Phosphorus
levels
(kg P2O5/fad)
(P)
Brix % Sucrose%
2016/2017 season 2017/2018 season 2016/2017 season 2017/2018 season
Filter cake ton/fad (F) Mean Filter cake ton/fad (F) Mean Filter cake ton/fad (F) Mean Filter cake ton/fad (F) Mean
0 2 4 0 2 4 0 2 4 0 2 4
150
15 18.52 19.25 19.65 19.14 18.27 19.38 19.65 19.10 15.55 16.03 16.34 15.97 15.15 16.04 16.40 15.86
30 19.17 19.65 19.89 19.57 19.31 19.65 19.94 19.63 15.97 16.41 16.57 16.32 15.93 16.34 16.46 16.24
Mean 18.85 19.45 19.77 19.36 18.79 19.52 19.80 19.37 15.76 16.22 16.46 16.15 15.54 16.19 16.43 16.05
180
15 19.17 19.67 20.05 19.63 19.51 19.82 20.18 19.84 15.88 16.12 16.73 16.24 16.21 16.41 16.80 16.47
30 19.55 19.88 20.19 19.87 19.70 19.97 20.36 20.01 16.09 16.53 16.83 16.48 16.31 16.60 16.83 16.58
Mean 19.36 19.77 20.12 19.75 19.61 19.90 20.27 19.92 15.98 16.33 16.78 16.36 16.26 16.50 16.82 16.53
210
15 19.56 20.21 20.72 20.16 19.91 20.27 20.74 20.31 16.14 16.85 17.08 16.69 16.55 16.54 17.20 16.76
30 19.85 20.63 20.93 20.47 20.18 20.71 20.90 20.60 16.53 17.16 17.41 17.03 16.78 17.19 17.39 17.12
Mean 19.71 20.42 20.82 20.32 20.05 20.49 20.82 20.45 16.34 17.01 17.24 16.86 16.66 16.87 17.29 16.94
15 19.08 19.71 20.14 19.64 19.23 19.82 20.19 19.75 15.86 16.33 16.71 16.30 15.97 16.33 16.80 16.37
30 19.53 20.05 20.34 19.97 19.73 20.11 20.40 20.08 16.20 16.70 16.94 16.61 16.34 16.71 16.89 16.65
19.30 19.88 20.24 19.48 19.97 20.30 16.03 16.52 16.83 16.15 16.52 16.85
LSD at 0.5 level for:
Nitrogen levels (N) 0.11 0.03 0.09 0.14
Phosphorus levels (P) 0.04* 0.04* 0.04* 0.11*
Filter cake (F) 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.11
0.07 0.08 NS NS
0.07 0.07 0.07 0.19
0.06 0.05 0.05 0.15
0.10 0.09 0.09 0.26
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ENHANCEMENT OF YIELD AND QUALITY OF SUGARCANE...
TABLE
Nitrogen
levels
(kg N/fad)
(N)
Phosphorus
levels
(kg P2O5/fad)
(P)
Purity% Sugar recovery%
2016/2017 season 2017/2018 season 2016/2017 season 2017/2018 season
Filter cake ton/fad (F) Mean Filter cake ton/fad (F) Mean Filter cake ton/fad (F) Mean Filter cake ton/fad (F) Mean
0 2 4 0 2 4 0 2 4 0 2 4
150
15 82.96 83.26 83.16 83.46 82.92 82.80 83.44 83.06 10.57 10.81 11.01 10.80 10.18 10.76 11.08 10.67
30 83.30 83.49 83.33 83.37 82.50 83.12 82.53 82.72 10.78 11.10 11.19 11.02 10.64 11.00 11.01 10.88
Mean 83.63 83.38 83.25 83.42 82.71 82.96 82.99 82.89 10.68 10.95 11.10 10.91 10.41 10.88 11.04 10.78
180
15 82.83 81.96 83.41 82.73 83.08 82.78 83.25 83.04 10.65 10.70 11.30 10.88 10.91 11.00 11.33 11.08
30 82.28 83.16 83.34 82.93 82.77 83.10 82.66 82.85 10.72 11.14 11.36 11.07 10.94 11.17 11.27 11.13
Mean 82.55 82.56 83.37 82.83 82.93 82.94 82.96 82.94 10.69 10.92 11.33 10.98 10.92 11.09 11.30 11.10
210
15 82.53 83.41 82.43 82.79 83.09 81.59 82.92 82.53 10.79 11.39 11.40 11.19 11.14 10.94 11.55 11.21
30 83.25 83.18 83.18 83.21 83.14 83.01 83.18 83.11 11.15 11.56 11.73 11.48 11.30 11.56 11.72 11.53
Mean 82.89 83.29 82.81 83.00 83.12 82.29 82.79 82.82 10.97 11.47 11.57 11.34 11.22 11.25 11.63 11.37
15 83.11 82.87 83.00 82.99 83.03 82.39 83.20 82.87 10.67 10.97 11.24 10.96 10.74 10.90 11.32 10.99
30 82.95 83.28 83.29 83.17 82.80 83.08 82.79 82.89 10.88 11.27 11.43 11.19 10.96 11.24 11.63 11.18
83.03 83.08 83.14 82.92 82.73 83.00 10.78 11.12 11.33 10.85 11.07 11.33
LSD at 0.5 level for:
Nitrogen levels (N) 0.16 NS 0.07 0.18
Phosphorus levels (P) 0.12* NS 0.04* 0.14*
Filter cake (F) NS NS 0.04 0.14
0.20 NS NS NS
0.22 NS 0.06 NS
0.18 NS 0.05 NS
0.31 1.22 0.09 NS
218
Egypt. J. Agro. 40, No. 3 (2018)
M.A. BEKHEET et al.
TABLE
Nitrogen
levels
(kg N/fad)
(N)
Phosphorus
levels
(kg P2O5/fad)
(P)
Cane yield ton /fad Sugar yield ton/fad
2016/2017 season 2017/2018 season 2016/2017 season 2017/2018 season
Filter cake ton/fad (F) Mean Filter cake ton/fad (F) Mean Filter cake ton/fad (F) Mean Filter cake ton/fad (F) Mean
0 2 4 0 2 4 0 2 4 0 2 4
150
15 49.492 52.350 53.969 51.937 49.107 51.437 52.757 51.101 5.233 5.660 5.941 5.611 4.998 5.534 5.847 5.460
30 51.241 53.011 55.448 53.232 50.821 52.258 54.914 52.664 5.522 5.881 6.202 5.869 5.409 5.747 6.042 5.733
Mean 50.366 52.680 54.708 52.585 49.964 51.847 53.836 51.883 5.378 5.771 6.071 5.740 5.204 5.641 5.944 5.596
180
15 52.460 54.412 55.655 54.176 52.213 53.359 54.557 53.376 5.588 5.822 6.289 5.899 5.695 5.870 6.181 5.915
30 53.577 55.602 56.900 55.359 53.124 54.567 56.061 54.587 5.745 6.191 6.463 6.133 5.809 6.098 6.318 6.075
Mean 53.018 55.007 56.277 54.767 52.668 53.967 55.309 53.982 5.666 6.006 6.376 6.016 5.752 5.984 6.249 5.995
210
15 54.442 56.246 58.212 56.300 54.213 55.787 57.645 55.882 5.875 6.404 6.637 6.305 6.083 6.100 6.657 6.265
30 55.431 57.280 58.631 57.114 54.976 57.688 59.062 57.242 6.178 6.623 6.878 6.560 6.213 6.669 6.919 6.600
Mean 54.936 56.763 58.421 56.707 54.594 56.738 58.354 56.562 6.026 6.513 6.757 6.432 6.125 6.385 6.788 6.433
15 52.131 54.336 55.945 54.138 51.844 53.528 54.987 53.453 5.565 5.962 6.289 5.939 5.577 5.835 6.228 5.880
30 53.416 55.297 56.993 55.235 52.974 54.841 56.679 54.831 5.815 6.232 6.514 6.187 5.810 6.171 6.426 6.136
52.774 54.817 56.469 52.409 54.184 55.833 5.690 6.097 6.402 5.694 6.003 6.327
LSD at 0.5 level for:
Nitrogen levels (N) 0.185 0.252 0.043 0.118
Phosphorus levels (P) 0.177* 0.078* 0.031* 0.078*
Filter cake (F) 0.137 0.117 0.024 0.074
NS 0.135 0.055 NS
0.237 0.201 0.042 0.127
NS 0.165 NS NS
0.335 0.285 0.059 0.180
219
Egypt. J. Agro. 40, No. 3 (2018)
ENHANCEMENT OF YIELD AND QUALITY OF SUGARCANE...
The results revealed that increasing level of
fad increased cane and sugar yields/fad in both
and 3.695ton/fad) and (0.407 and 0.712ton/
fad), compared to that recorded by canes left
st season,
corresponding to (1.775 and 3.424ton/fad) and
(0.309 and 0.633ton/fad), in the 2nd season. These
added some organic matter and nutrients to the
soil used by cane plants (Table 2). These results in
agreement with those obtained by Pakkiyappan &
Saminathan (1999), Kumar & Verma (2002), Babu
et al. (2005) Shankaraiah & Murthy (2005), Santos
et al. (2010) and Abd- El-Kader (2017).
In the same table, the interaction between
nd
season and sugar yield in the 1st season only, the
highest cane and sugar yield (57.242tons/fad and
(6.650tons/fad) were obtained by applying 210kg
N/fad and 30kgP2O5/fad.
As for, the interaction between N levels and
cane and sugar yields/fad obtained when adding
fad in the 2nd seasons only. The highest yield
56.679tons/fad of cane, where the addition of
super phosphate at rate 30kg P2O5
cake of 4tons/fad.
The 2nd order interactions among the three
and sugar yields/fad in both seasons. Fertilization
sugar cane by rate 210kg N/fad with added 30kg
P2O5
cane and sugar yield which were (58.631 and
59.062tons/fad) and (6.878 and 6.910tons/fad) in
the 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively.
Conclusion
It’s known that nitrogen has a close relationship
with yield and its components, where it plays a
direct role on growth behavior and juice quality
of sugar cane.
sugar cane productivity and quality resulted from
applying fertilized at rate 210kg N/fad associated
with 30kg P2O5
In addation, The results obtained that increasing
2 to 4tons/fad increased stalk weight kg/plant
and number of millable cane/fad by (0.025 and
0.047kg/plant) and (0.758 and 1.298thousand/
fad) compared to that recorded by canes left
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(2)(1)(1)
(2)(1)
31.4126.33
2018/20172017/201669
210 180150
3015
47-2003
210150
30
21047-2003
30