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Enhancement of Yield and Quality of Sugarcane by Applied Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Filter Cake

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  • Al Azhar University Assiut Branch Egypt

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THE PRESENT investigation was carried out at Shandaweel Agricultural Research Station, Sohag Governorate (latitude of 26°33'N, longitude of 31°41'E and Altitude of 69m), in the two successive seasons 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 to investigate the effect of study the effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and filter cake on yield and quality of sugarcane. The filed experimental work was carried out in a Randomized Complete Blocks Design (RCBD) using a split-split plot arrangement in three replications in both growing seasons. The results showed that increasing nitrogen levels from 150 up to 210kg N/fad resulted in a significant increase in plant length, diameter, stalk weight, number of millable canes, cane and sugar yields, as well as brix, sucrose, quality and sugar recovery percentages in both seasons. Super phosphate addition by rates 30kg P2 O5 /fad resulted in a significant increase in plant length, diameter, number of millable canes, stalk weight and cane and sugar yields, as well as brix, sucrose and sugar recovery percentages in both seasons. Results showed that the addition of filter cake by 4tons/fad give a significant increase in plant length, diameter, number of millable canes, stalk weight, cane and sugar yields, as well as brix, sucrose and sugar recovery percentages in both season
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Egypt. J. Agro. Vol. 40., No. 3 pp. 207 - 221 (2018)
Introduction
Sugarcane (Saccharum spp. L.) is considered
the main crop for sugar industry in the world.
Sugarcane is the main source for sugar production
in Egypt. Cane and sugar yields as well as juice
quality greatly affected by nitrogen and phosphor
fertilization levels and applied of organic fertilizer.
Concerning sugarcane fertilization with nutritional
elements required for plant growth, it’s known that
nitrogen has a close relationship with yield and its
components, where it plays a direct role on growth
behavior and juice quality of sugar cane. Nitrogen
unites with carbonic compounds to produce a many
different organic compounds like chlorophyll,
protoplasm, proteins, nucleic acids, vitamins and
enzymes. Nitrogen is responsible for growth and
development of all living tissues of cane plants.
Regarding nitrogen fertilization effect, Nassar
THE PRESENT investigation was carried out at Shandaweel Agricultural Research Station,
Sohag Governorate (latitude of 26°33'N, longitude of 31°41'E and Altitude of 69m), in the
two successive seasons 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 to investigate the effect of study the effect of

work was carried out in a Randomized Complete Blocks Design (RCBD) using a split-split plot
arrangement in three replications in both growing seasons.
The results showed that increasing nitrogen levels from 150 up to 210kg N/fad resulted in a


Super phosphate addition by rates 30kg P2O5
length, diameter, number of millable canes, stalk weight and cane and sugar yields, as well as

   
plant length, diameter, number of millable canes, stalk weight, cane and sugar yields, as well as

Keywords: Sugarcane, Filter cake, Phosphorus, Nitrogen, Cane yield.
16
Enhancement of Yield and Quality of Sugarcane by Applied
Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Filter Cake
M.A. Bekheet(1), A.F.I. Gadallah(1) and Y.A.M. Khalifa(2)#
(1)Sugar Crops Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Caior, Egypt;
(2)Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch,
Assuit, Egypt.
et al. (2005) pointed out that increasing nitrogen
levels up to 240kg N/fad decreased sucrose,
however application of 240kg N/fad increased
stalk length and diameter, number of millable cane
and cane yield. Ahmed & El-Shafai (2007) found
that increasing inorganic-N levels from 120 up
       
millable cane height, millable cane diameter,
millable cane/m2, cane and sugar yields in the plant
cane and 1st ratoon crops. Applying 180kg N/fad
gave the highest sucrose%. Mokadem et al. (2008)
reveled that increasing N levels attained a positive
      
canes/fad, cane yield/fad, sugar yield/fed and
sugar recovery%. El-Geddawy et al. (2012) found
that increasing N levels from 170 to 230kg N/fad
produced stalk height, stalk diameter, stalk fresh
weight, millable canes/fad, cane and sugar yields,

#Corresponding author email: yasserbeet@yahoo.com
DOI: 10.21608/agro.2018.4924.1110
©2018 National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC)
208
Egypt. J. Agro. 40, No. 3 (2018)
M.A. BEKHEET et al.
Neana & Abd El-Hak (2014) concluded that length
and stalk diameter, cane and sugar yields and
 
levels from 140 up to 200kg N/fad in both seasons.
Abd El-Aal et al. (2015) reported that increasing
N fertilization level from 180 to 210 and 240kg

diameter and cane yield of plant cane. On the
contrary, sucrose and sugar recovery percentage
 
increased. Bekheet & Abd El-Aziz (2016) found
that raising N fertilization level from 180 to 220kg
       
stalk height, millable diameter, number of millable
canes, cane and sugar yields/fad in both seasons.
Phosphorus is necessary for the synthesis of
phosphorylated compounds and a lack of this
nutrient immediately disturbs plant metabolism and
development (Santos et al., 2010). El-Soghier et al.
(2003) used four levels of phosphorus fertilization
(0, 30, 60 and 90kg P2O5/fad) on sugarcane. They
found that increasing phosphorus fertilization
level up to 90kg P2O5/fad increased stalk length,
number of millable cane/fad, cane and sugar
yields (tons/fad). A bout juice quality the results
showed that increasing phosphorus fertilizer level
up to 30kg P2O5    
purity percentages. Osman et al. (2004) showed
that phosphorus fertilization 200kg as calcium
superphosphate (15.5% P2O5/fad) increased
stalk length, number of millable cane (thousand/
fad), cane and sugar yield (tons/fad). El-Sayed
et al. (2005) studied the effect of three levels of
phosphorus fertilizer (30, 45 and 60kg P2O5/fad).
They found that increasing phosphorus fertilization
levels up to 60kg P2O5 
number of plants/m2, stalk height, millable diameter
and sugar recovery%. Elamin et al. (2007) showed
that phosphorus by rates 0, 64.5 and 129kg P2O5/
     
juice purity%. Santos et al. (2014) found that there
     
       
       
      
at the time of planting. The best combination for
the productivity of stalks and sugarcane ratoons

2.0ton/ha with 100 to 200kg/ha soluble phosphate
at planting.
      
of bagasse and decanting sludge, has high levels
of organic matter, phosphorus and calcium. The
       
and its release, as it happens to the nitrogen, occurs
gradually by mineralization and by microorganisms
attack in the soil (Santos et al., 2010), respectively
over control. Pakkiyappan & Saminathan (1999)
suggested that application of press mud at 37.5ton/

soils of Coimbatore improve the quality of
   

Sugar) percent. Press mud application increased
78.5 percent sugar yield over control. Kalaimani
& Giridharan (2001) reported that tiller population
       
same trend. Yield differences between treatments
ranged from 4 to 20ton/ha in press mud soil than
non-press mud soil. Kumar & Verma (2002)
studied the effects of inorganic fertilizers NPK,
singly or in combination with organic fertilizers
press mud (PM), on the yield and juice quality
of sugarcane. They found that the application of
organic fertilizers press mud (PM) with N+P+K
gave the highest cane length and diameter, sucrose
and commercial cane sugar in the two growing
seasons. The application of organic fertilizers
with N+P+K gave the highest values of sucrose,
commercial cane sugar, cane yield, number of
millable canes, single cane weight and sugar yield in
the two growing seasons. Babu et al. (2005) found
that the application of farmyard manure and press
mud resulted in the highest mean cane (145.8ton/
ha) and sugar yield (15.08 ton/ha), respectively.
Shankaraiah & Murthy (2005) using chemical
fertilizers 50%, 75% and 100% of recommended

       
Integrated at recommended fertilization. Resulted
      
cane, sugar yields. And other yield parameters viz
height, weight and diameter of millable cane were

of fertility and addition of FC in general. Santos et
     
and 4.0tons/ha and phosphorus fertilizer doses 0,
50, 100 and 200kg/ha of P2O5. They found that

cake rates applied to the soil. Abd-El-Kader (2017)
obtained that number of millable cane (thousand/
fad), single millable cane weight kg, length and
      
   

found the best combination which   cakes
209
Egypt. J. Agro. 40, No. 3 (2018)
ENHANCEMENT OF YIELD AND QUALITY OF SUGARCANE...
at a dose between 1.0 and 2.0mg ha-1 with 100 to
200kg ha-1 soluble phosphate applied at planting.
This method obtains higher stalk and sugar yields
for sugarcane ratoons (Girma Abejehu, 2015).
The results      
 cake and the interaction effect
     fertilizer were highly
 sugar yields;
while the main effect of mineral fertilizer was not
     
highly improved nutritional quality.
The aim of this study investigate the effect of
    
quality of sugarcane.
Materials And Methods
    carried out at
Shandaweel Agricultural Research Station (latitude
of 26°33’N, longitude of 31°41’E and Altitude of
69 m), Sohag Governorate, in the two successive
seasons of 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 to study the
      cake on
yield and quality of sugar cane under conditions of
Sohag Governorate.
in a
randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) using
a split-split plot arrangement in three replications in
both growing seasons. The levels of nitrogen 150,
180 and 210kg N/fad were allocated in the main
plots, the levels of phosphorus15 and 30kg P2O5/
fad distributed in the   
0, 2 and 4ton/fad were distributed randomly in the
sub-sub plots. The2
1/120 fad including 5 rows of 1m and 7m in length.
Sugarcane Geza 2003-47 was planted during
the last week of February and harvested after 12
months in both seasons, using the dry method of
planting with 3-buded pieces of cane cuttings, were
drilled in each furrow. Nitrogen fertilizer applied in
the form urea 46% was divided into equal doses,
which were applied after 60 days from planting
and 30 days later. Phosphorus fertilizer as calcium
super phosphate 15.5% P2O5    
applied during land preparation at rate (0, 2 and
4tons/fad, while potassium fertilizer at rate of
48kg K2O/fad was added with the second dose of
nitrogen fertilization. regarding irrigation of cane
3
per season, the plant irrigated every 15 day in the

day after that every 21 days.
Mechanical and chemical properties of the


is presented in Table 2 and Meteorological data are
presented in the Table 3.
TABLE 1. Mechanical and chemical properties of the upper 40cm of the experimental soil sites.
Season 2016/2017 2017/2018
Mechanical
Sand% 56.34 51.57
Silt 28.44 26.30
Clay 15.22 22.13
 Sandy loam Sandy loam
Chemical analysis
N Available(ppm) 0.20 0.17
CaCo3% 1.20 1.34
Co3 Meq/100g 0 0
H Co3 Meq/100g 0.30 0. 26
Cl-
Meq/100g 0.89 0.79
So4
=
Meq/100g 1.02 1.02
Ca++
Meq/100g 0.53 0.50
Mg++
Meq/100g 0.27 0.23
Na+
Meq/100g 1.25 1.19
K+
Meq/100g 0.16 0.15
EC(ds/m) (1:5) 0.24 0.23
pH 7.5 7.6
210
Egypt. J. Agro. 40, No. 3 (2018)
M.A. BEKHEET et al.
TABLE 
2017/20182016/2017Season
3.0%2.87%Total –N ( % )
Macro elements (%) 1.49%1.40%Total – P ( % )
0.75%0.70%Total – K ( % )
3433Fe
Micro elements (mg/kg ) 305285Mn
113108Zn
135123Cu
31.6030.50Organic matter %
23.3318.60Organic – C %
7.617.44pH ( 1:5 ) Susp
1.0501.025EC ( dsm-1 ) ( 1:5 )
13:79:3C/N Ratio
50.8%52%Humidity%
TABLE 3. Meteorological data recorded at Shandaweel Agricultural Research Station (2016/2017 and 2017/2018 seasons) **
Average wind
speed
(m/sec)
Average RH%Average Tem. oC
Month
Min. RH%Max. RH%T. min.T. max.
1618.880.67.526.8February 2015
1917.867.113.731.5March
1919.755.215.333.8April
1720.750.821.439.1May
1325.763.222.239.7June
8.221.083.221.241.1July
8.424.482.123.241.8August
14.624.790.120.841.4September
16.324.984.519.036.7October
16.118.790.211.230.6November
15.621.293.25.223.9December
7.918.483.32.420.5January 2016
1215.168.28.127.8February
11.518.955.615.231.3March
10.913.848.017.537.2April
10.716.643.020.238.1May
12.419.245.322.841.3June
12.817.460.721.940.0July
14.416.862.820.238.2August
15.816.262.717.4368September
9.815.566.814.734.4October
11.815.469.59.929.0November
14.415.971.64.923.4December
9.515.562.34.722.2January 2017
11.514.156.96.224.0February
12.615.250.311.528.7March
211
Egypt. J. Agro. 40, No. 3 (2018)
ENHANCEMENT OF YIELD AND QUALITY OF SUGARCANE...
The recorded data
The following data were recorded at harvest:
1. Millable length (cm).
2. Millable diameter (cm).
3. Mmillable weight (kg).
4. Number of millable canes in (thousand/fad)
was counted in one square meter base then
converted into a number per feddan (4200m2).
Juice quality
At harvest, a sample of 20 millable canes
from each treatment was taken at random, cleaned
and crushed through milland was analyzed to
determination of the following traits:

     
     
of Sugar and Integrated Industries Company
(Anonymous, 2006).

according to A.O.A.C. (1995).
3. Juice purity% was calculated using the
following equation:

4. Sugar recovery percentage was calculated as
follows:

Yields
1. Cane yield/fad (tons) it was determined from
the weight of the three middle rows of each
plot (kg) converted into ton/fad.
2. Sugar yield/fad (tons) was estimated according
to the following equation:
Row sugar production= Cane yield (tons/fad)

Statistical analysis
The data were statistically analyzed according
to Gomez & Gomez (1984), using the computer

      
(LSD) treatment at probability level at 0.05 was
manually calculated to compare the differences
among means.
Results and Discussion
Millable length and diameter
Data in Table 4 showed that increasing nitrogen
       
increase in millable length amounted to 7.22
and 22.00cm in the 1st season, corresponding to
12.16 and 26.05 m in the 2nd one, respectively as
compared with that recorded when fertilization
was given at 150kg N/fad. Likewise, an increase
of 0.03 and 0.05cm in millable diameter was
recorded in the 1st season, corresponding to 0.02
and 0.05cm in the 2nd one. These results fairly
proved that the supplying sugarcanes with 210kg
nitrogen was physiologically needed for better

their highest potential, compared to those given
150 nutrients at the lowest rate. These results are
in harmony with those reported by and Nassar et
al. (2005), Ahmed & El-Shafai (2007), Mokadem
et al. (2008), EL-Gedawwy et al. (2012), Neana &
Abd El-Hak (2014), Abd El-Aal et al. (2015) and
Bekheet & Abd El-Aziz (2016).
Results given in the same Table 4 showed that
increasing levels of phosphorus fertilizers level
      
increase millable in length and diameter in both
seasons, using 30kg P2O5/fad gave the highest
values of millable length and diameter. This result
may be due to the role of phosphorus in meristemic
activity of plant tissues. These results are similar
with those obtained by El-Sogheir et al. (2003),
Osman et al. (2004) and El-Sayed et al. (2005).
The results indicated that increasing level
        
4tons/fad increased stalk height and diameter of
   
      
respectively, in the 1st season, corresponding to 9.28
and 19.11cm and 0.03 and 0.04cm, in the 2nd season.

in addition of some organic matter and nutrients to
the soil used by cane plants as shown in Table 2.
     
by Kumar & Verma (2002), Shankaraiah & Murthy
(2005) and Abd-El-Kader (2017).
The interaction between nitrogen levels and
     
stalk length in the 1st season only. The longest
stalk of cane is 303.89cm was recorded fertilizer by
210kg N/fad with applying 30kg P2O5/fad.
212
Egypt. J. Agro. 40, No. 3 (2018)
M.A. BEKHEET et al.
TABLE 4
Nitrogen
levels
(kg N/fad)
(N)
Phosphorus
levels
(kg P2O5/fad)
(P)
Millable length (cm) Millable diameter (cm)
2016/2017 season 2017/2018 season 2016/2017 season 2017/2018 season
Filter cake ton/fad (F) Mean Filter cake ton/fad (F) Mean Filter cake ton/fad (F) Mean
Filter cake ton/
fad (F)
0 2 4 0 2 4 0 2 4 0 2 4
150
15 263.33 273.00 284.33 273.56 263.00 270.00 285.67 272.89 2.60 2.64 2.67 2.64 2.61 2.64 2.67
30 271.00 275.00 289.67 278.56 268.67 276.67 289.33 278.22 2.62 2.67 2.70 2.66 2.66 2.68 2.69
Mean 267.17 274.00 287.00 276.06 265.83 273.33 287.50 275.56 2.61 2.66 2.69 2.65 2.63 2.66 2.68
180
15 271.67 279.00 288.00 279.56 276.33 285.00 290.00 283.78 2.64 2.64 2.69 2.66 2.65 2.67 2.69
30 279.67 285.33 296.00 287.00 282.67 293.67 298.67 291.67 2.67 2.70 2.71 2.70 2.67 2.71 2.71
Mean 275.67 282.17 292.00 283.28 279.50 289.33 294.33 287.72 2.65 2.67 2.70 2.68 2.66 2.69 2.70
210
15 284.00 292.33 300.33 292.22 286.33 298.33 307.67 297.44 2.67 2.69 2.72 2.70 2.69 2.71 2.72
30 294.67 304.67 312.33 303.89 296.00 305.00 316.33 305.78 2.67 2.72 2.73 2.71 2.70 2.73 2.74
Mean 289.33 298.50 306.33 298.06 291.17 301.67 312.00 301.61 2.67 2.70 2.73 2.70 2.70 2.72 2.73
 15 273.00 281.44 290.89 281.78 275.22 284.44 294.44 284.70 2.63 2.66 2.70 2.66 2.65 2.67 2.69
30 281.78 288.33 299.33 289.82 282.44 291.78 305.78 291.89 2.65 2.70 2.71 2.69 2.68 2.71 2.72
 277.39 284.89 295.11 278.83 288.11 297.94 2.64 2.68 2.70 2.66 2.69 2.70
LSD at 0.5 level for:
Nitrogen levels (N) 2.19 3.93 0.01
Phosphorus levels (P) 1.82* 2.25* 0.01*
Filter cake (F) 2.25 1.26 0.01
 3.15 NS NS
 NS 2.18 0.02
 3.18 1.78 0.01
 5.50 NS 0.02
213
Egypt. J. Agro. 40, No. 3 (2018)
ENHANCEMENT OF YIELD AND QUALITY OF SUGARCANE...
The interaction between nitrogen levels and
      
length in the 2nd season only, while millable
diameter affected in the 1st season only.

effect on millable length in both seasons and
       
stalk of cane 299.33 and 305.78cm when adding
super phosphate at 30kg P2O5
cake rate 4tons/fad in both seasons, respectively.
The 2nd order interactions among the three
      
millable length and diameter in the 1st season
only. Fertilization sugar cane by rate 210kg N/
fad with added 30kg P2O5   
cake, give the highest millable length and
diameter which were (312.33 and 2.73cm) in
the 1st season.
Millable weight and number of millable cane
Results in Table 5 showed that increasing
nitrogen fertilization levels from 180 to 210
      
and number of millable cane/fad (thousand/
fad) amounted to (0.036 and 0.069kg/plant)
and (0.482 0.913thousand/fad) in the 1st
season, corresponding to (0.033 and 0.083kg/
plant) and (0.544 and 0.879thousand/fad) in
the 2nd one, respectively as compared with that
recorded when fertilization was given at 150kg
N/fad. This result may be due to the role of N
in promotes tillering and canopy development
and stalk formation. this results is in a good line
with that reported Nassar et al. (2005), Ahmed
& El-Shafai (2007), Mokadem et al. (2008), El-
Gedawwy et al. (2012) and Bekheet & Abd El-
Aziz (2016).
Results in the same Table obtained that the
addition of phosphorus was given at a rate of
30kg P2O5/fad gave the highest stalk weight kg/
plant and number of millable cane/fad in both
seasons. This result may be due to the vital
role of phosphorus for plant metabolism and
photosynthesis as well as promote tillering,
canopy and stalk development all of this

These results are similar with those obtained by
El-Sogheir et al. (2003), Osman et al. (2004), El-
Sayed et al. (2005) and Abd-El-Kader (2017).
The results obtained that increasing level

4tons/fad increased stalk weight kg/plant and
number of millable cane/fad by (0.025 and
0.047kg/plant) and (0.758 and 1.298thousand/
fad) compared to that recorded by canes left
      st
season, corresponding to (0.022 and 0.043kg/
plant) and (0.663 and 1.243thousand/fad) in the
2nd season. These results could be referred to
     
and nutrients to the soil used by cane plants (as

with those obtained by Kalaimani & Giridharan
(2001), Kumar & Verma (2002), Shankaraiah &
Murthy (2005) and Abd- El-Kader (2017).

nd season only
while, number of millable cane/fad was affected
in the 1st season only. The highest stalk weight
1.388kg/plant and number of millable cane/fad
43.376thousand/fad resulted from by fertilizer
210kg N/fad with added 30kg P2O5/fad.
The interaction between nitrogen levels
       
weight kg/plant in both seasons, while number
of millable cane affected in the second season
only.

effect on stalk weight kg/plant in both seasons,
the highest stalk weight kg/plant 1.326 and
1.317kg/plant when adding super phosphate at
30kgP2O5      
fad in both seasons, respectively. Number of

   st season only,
the highest number of millable cane/fad was
recorded by appling 30kg P2O5/fad and 4ton

The 2nd order interaction among the three
     
on millable weight kg/plant in both seasons.
Fertilization sugar cane by 210kg N/fad with
added 30kg P2O5
the highest stalk weight kg/plant which were
(1.352 and 1.360kg/plant) in the both seasons,
respectively.
Juice quality
Data in Tables 6 and 7 show that nitrogen

214
Egypt. J. Agro. 40, No. 3 (2018)
M.A. BEKHEET et al.
and sugar recovery percentages, in both seasons
       
      
recovery percentages values were noticed as
nitrogen rate increased from 150 up to 210kg
N/fad, while increasing nitrogen fertilization
from 150 up to 210kg N/fad decrease purity
percentage. Similar results were observed by
Nassar et al. (2005), Mokadem et al. (2008), El-
Geddawy et al. (2012) and Neana & Abd El-Hak
(2014).
The results in the same Tables showed that
increasing rates of phosphorus from 15 to 30kg
P2O5      
     
    
season only increasing P fertilizing sugarcane
wit levels from 15 to 30kg/P/fad decrease purity
percentage. These results are in agreement with
those mentioned by by El-Sogheir et al. (2003),
Osman et al. (2004), El-Sayed et al. (2005) and
Abd-El-Kader (2017).
The results obtained that increasing level
        
  

0.94%), (0.49 and 0.80%) and (0.34 and 0.55%)
compared to that recorded by canes left without
     st season,
corresponding to (0.49 and 0.82), (0.37 and
0.70%) and (0.22 and 0.48%) in the 2nd season
        
season. Filter cake is a good source of organic
matter, NPK and important micronutrients
(as shown in Table 2). As well as, improving
fertility, productivity and other physical

on the previous characters. These results are
in line with those reported by Pakkiyappan &
Saminathan (1999), Kumar & Verma (2002) and
Abd- El-Kader (2017).
    
by the interaction between nitrogen level and
phosphorus fertilization level in both seasons.
 
only
     
affected by the interaction between nitrogen

while, purity and sugar recovery percentages
st season only.
    


while, purity and sugar recovery percentages
st season only.
The 2nd order interaction among the studied

and sucrose percentages in both seasons, while,

the 1st season only.
Cane and sugar yields

the tested nitrogen fertilization levels on cane
and sugar yields ton/fad in both seasons (Table
8). The results showed that cane and sugar yields

by raising nitrogen fertilization level increasing
to 180 and to 210kg N/fad, which were (2.182
and 4.122ton/fad) and 0.276 and 0.692ton/fad)
in the 1st season, corresponding to (2.099 and
4.679ton/fad) and (0.399 and 0.837ton/fad) in
the 2nd season, compared to that supplied with
150kg N/fad. These results fairly proved that
the supplying sugarcanes with 210kg N/fad
nutrients was physiologically needed for better
      
attain their highest potential, compared to those
given 150kg N/fad nutrients at the lowest rate.
This may be due to the effect of fertilization

by the nutrient in the physiological process such
as(photosynthesis, transport and accumulation
of sucrose) These results are in agreement
with those reported by Santos et al. (2014),
Girma Abejehu (2015), Ahmed & El-Shafai
(2007), Mokadem et al. (2008), EL-Gedawwy
et al. (2012) Neana & Abd El-Hak (2014) and
Bekheet & Abd El-Aziz (2016).
Data in the same table showed that cane and
     
application levels. The results in Table 8 show
that application of 30kg P2O5/fad at planting
produced the highest cane and sugar yields (tons/
fad) which were (55.235 and 54.831tons/fad)
and 6.187 and 6.136tons/fad) in both seasons,
respectively, compared by addition 15kgP2O5/
fad. These results are in line with those reported
by El-Sogheir et al. (2003), Osman et al. (2004),
Santos et al. (2010) and Santos et al. (2014).
215
Egypt. J. Agro. 40, No. 3 (2018)
ENHANCEMENT OF YIELD AND QUALITY OF SUGARCANE...
TABLE 
seasons
Nitrogen
levels
(kg N/fad)
(N)
Phosphorus
levels
(kg P2O5/fad)
(P)
Millabe cane (thousand/fad) Millable weight (kg/stalk)
2016/2017 season 2017/2018 season 2016/2017 season 2017/2018 season
Filter cake ton/fad (F) Mean Filter cake ton/fad (F) Mean Filter cake ton/fad (F) Mean Filter cake ton/fad (F) Mean
0 2 4 0 2 4 0 2 4 0 2 4
150
15 41.867 42.352 42.622 42.084 41.417 42.240 42.675 42.111 1.218 1.255 1.285 1.253 1.205 1.237 1.255 1.232
30 41.800 42.538 43.157 42.498 41.855 42.560 43.245 42.553 1.245 1.265 1.303 1.271 1.233 1.247 1.288 1.256
Mean 41.540 42.445 42.889 42.291 41.636 42.400 42.960 42.332 1.232 1.260 1.294 1.262 1.219 1.242 1.272 1.244
180
15 41.937 42.580 43.150 42.566 42.073 42.645 43.192 42.637 1.270 1.297 1.308 1.292 1.260 1.270 1.282 1.271
30 42.317 43.000 43.657 42.991 42.515 43.150 43.683 43.116 1.285 1.312 1.322 1.306 1.268 1.283 1.302 1.284
Mean 42.127 42.790 43.403 42.773 42.294 42.897 43.438 42.876 1.277 1.304 1.315 1.298 1.264 1.277 1.292 1.277
210
15 42.385 43.053 43.658 43.032 42.427 43.032 43.670 43.043 1.303 1.325 1.352 1.327 1.297 1.315 1.338 1.317
30 42.707 43.452 43.968 43.376 42.740 43.378 44.017 43.378 1.317 1.337 1.352 1.335 1.305 1.348 1.360 1.388
Mean 42.546 43.253 43.813 43.204 42.583 43.205 43.843 43.211 1.310 1.331 1.352 1.331 1.301 1.332 1.349 1.327
 15 41.867 42.662 43.143 42.557 41.972 42.639 43.179 42.597 1.264 1.292 1.315 1.290 1.254 1.274 1.292 1.273
30 42.274 42.997 43.594 42.955 42.370 43.029 43.648 43.016 1.282 1.304 1.326 1.304 1.269 1.293 1.317 1.293
 42.071 42.829 43.369 42.171 42.834 43.414 1.273 1.298 1.320 1.261 1.283 1.304
LSD at 0.5 level for:
Nitrogen levels (N) 0.062 0.084 0.004 0.005
Phosphorus levels (P) 0.071* 0.047* 0.003* 0.001*
Filter cake (F) 0.104 0.041 0.003 0.003
 0.122 NS NS 0.001
 NS 0.070 0.005 0.005
 0.147 NS 0.004 0.004
 NS NS 0.006 0.007
216
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M.A. BEKHEET et al.
TABLE
Nitrogen
levels
(kg N/fad)
(N)
Phosphorus
levels
(kg P2O5/fad)
(P)
Brix % Sucrose%
2016/2017 season 2017/2018 season 2016/2017 season 2017/2018 season
Filter cake ton/fad (F) Mean Filter cake ton/fad (F) Mean Filter cake ton/fad (F) Mean Filter cake ton/fad (F) Mean
0 2 4 0 2 4 0 2 4 0 2 4
150
15 18.52 19.25 19.65 19.14 18.27 19.38 19.65 19.10 15.55 16.03 16.34 15.97 15.15 16.04 16.40 15.86
30 19.17 19.65 19.89 19.57 19.31 19.65 19.94 19.63 15.97 16.41 16.57 16.32 15.93 16.34 16.46 16.24
Mean 18.85 19.45 19.77 19.36 18.79 19.52 19.80 19.37 15.76 16.22 16.46 16.15 15.54 16.19 16.43 16.05
180
15 19.17 19.67 20.05 19.63 19.51 19.82 20.18 19.84 15.88 16.12 16.73 16.24 16.21 16.41 16.80 16.47
30 19.55 19.88 20.19 19.87 19.70 19.97 20.36 20.01 16.09 16.53 16.83 16.48 16.31 16.60 16.83 16.58
Mean 19.36 19.77 20.12 19.75 19.61 19.90 20.27 19.92 15.98 16.33 16.78 16.36 16.26 16.50 16.82 16.53
210
15 19.56 20.21 20.72 20.16 19.91 20.27 20.74 20.31 16.14 16.85 17.08 16.69 16.55 16.54 17.20 16.76
30 19.85 20.63 20.93 20.47 20.18 20.71 20.90 20.60 16.53 17.16 17.41 17.03 16.78 17.19 17.39 17.12
Mean 19.71 20.42 20.82 20.32 20.05 20.49 20.82 20.45 16.34 17.01 17.24 16.86 16.66 16.87 17.29 16.94
 15 19.08 19.71 20.14 19.64 19.23 19.82 20.19 19.75 15.86 16.33 16.71 16.30 15.97 16.33 16.80 16.37
30 19.53 20.05 20.34 19.97 19.73 20.11 20.40 20.08 16.20 16.70 16.94 16.61 16.34 16.71 16.89 16.65
 19.30 19.88 20.24 19.48 19.97 20.30 16.03 16.52 16.83 16.15 16.52 16.85
LSD at 0.5 level for:
Nitrogen levels (N) 0.11 0.03 0.09 0.14
Phosphorus levels (P) 0.04* 0.04* 0.04* 0.11*
Filter cake (F) 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.11
 0.07 0.08 NS NS
 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.19
 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.15
 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.26
217
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ENHANCEMENT OF YIELD AND QUALITY OF SUGARCANE...
TABLE 
Nitrogen
levels
(kg N/fad)
(N)
Phosphorus
levels
(kg P2O5/fad)
(P)
Purity% Sugar recovery%
2016/2017 season 2017/2018 season 2016/2017 season 2017/2018 season
Filter cake ton/fad (F) Mean Filter cake ton/fad (F) Mean Filter cake ton/fad (F) Mean Filter cake ton/fad (F) Mean
0 2 4 0 2 4 0 2 4 0 2 4
150
15 82.96 83.26 83.16 83.46 82.92 82.80 83.44 83.06 10.57 10.81 11.01 10.80 10.18 10.76 11.08 10.67
30 83.30 83.49 83.33 83.37 82.50 83.12 82.53 82.72 10.78 11.10 11.19 11.02 10.64 11.00 11.01 10.88
Mean 83.63 83.38 83.25 83.42 82.71 82.96 82.99 82.89 10.68 10.95 11.10 10.91 10.41 10.88 11.04 10.78
180
15 82.83 81.96 83.41 82.73 83.08 82.78 83.25 83.04 10.65 10.70 11.30 10.88 10.91 11.00 11.33 11.08
30 82.28 83.16 83.34 82.93 82.77 83.10 82.66 82.85 10.72 11.14 11.36 11.07 10.94 11.17 11.27 11.13
Mean 82.55 82.56 83.37 82.83 82.93 82.94 82.96 82.94 10.69 10.92 11.33 10.98 10.92 11.09 11.30 11.10
210
15 82.53 83.41 82.43 82.79 83.09 81.59 82.92 82.53 10.79 11.39 11.40 11.19 11.14 10.94 11.55 11.21
30 83.25 83.18 83.18 83.21 83.14 83.01 83.18 83.11 11.15 11.56 11.73 11.48 11.30 11.56 11.72 11.53
Mean 82.89 83.29 82.81 83.00 83.12 82.29 82.79 82.82 10.97 11.47 11.57 11.34 11.22 11.25 11.63 11.37
 15 83.11 82.87 83.00 82.99 83.03 82.39 83.20 82.87 10.67 10.97 11.24 10.96 10.74 10.90 11.32 10.99
30 82.95 83.28 83.29 83.17 82.80 83.08 82.79 82.89 10.88 11.27 11.43 11.19 10.96 11.24 11.63 11.18
 83.03 83.08 83.14 82.92 82.73 83.00 10.78 11.12 11.33 10.85 11.07 11.33
LSD at 0.5 level for:
Nitrogen levels (N) 0.16 NS 0.07 0.18
Phosphorus levels (P) 0.12* NS 0.04* 0.14*
Filter cake (F) NS NS 0.04 0.14
 0.20 NS NS NS
 0.22 NS 0.06 NS
 0.18 NS 0.05 NS
 0.31 1.22 0.09 NS
218
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M.A. BEKHEET et al.
TABLE 
Nitrogen
levels
(kg N/fad)
(N)
Phosphorus
levels
(kg P2O5/fad)
(P)
Cane yield ton /fad Sugar yield ton/fad
2016/2017 season 2017/2018 season 2016/2017 season 2017/2018 season
Filter cake ton/fad (F) Mean Filter cake ton/fad (F) Mean Filter cake ton/fad (F) Mean Filter cake ton/fad (F) Mean
0 2 4 0 2 4 0 2 4 0 2 4
150
15 49.492 52.350 53.969 51.937 49.107 51.437 52.757 51.101 5.233 5.660 5.941 5.611 4.998 5.534 5.847 5.460
30 51.241 53.011 55.448 53.232 50.821 52.258 54.914 52.664 5.522 5.881 6.202 5.869 5.409 5.747 6.042 5.733
Mean 50.366 52.680 54.708 52.585 49.964 51.847 53.836 51.883 5.378 5.771 6.071 5.740 5.204 5.641 5.944 5.596
180
15 52.460 54.412 55.655 54.176 52.213 53.359 54.557 53.376 5.588 5.822 6.289 5.899 5.695 5.870 6.181 5.915
30 53.577 55.602 56.900 55.359 53.124 54.567 56.061 54.587 5.745 6.191 6.463 6.133 5.809 6.098 6.318 6.075
Mean 53.018 55.007 56.277 54.767 52.668 53.967 55.309 53.982 5.666 6.006 6.376 6.016 5.752 5.984 6.249 5.995
210
15 54.442 56.246 58.212 56.300 54.213 55.787 57.645 55.882 5.875 6.404 6.637 6.305 6.083 6.100 6.657 6.265
30 55.431 57.280 58.631 57.114 54.976 57.688 59.062 57.242 6.178 6.623 6.878 6.560 6.213 6.669 6.919 6.600
Mean 54.936 56.763 58.421 56.707 54.594 56.738 58.354 56.562 6.026 6.513 6.757 6.432 6.125 6.385 6.788 6.433
 15 52.131 54.336 55.945 54.138 51.844 53.528 54.987 53.453 5.565 5.962 6.289 5.939 5.577 5.835 6.228 5.880
30 53.416 55.297 56.993 55.235 52.974 54.841 56.679 54.831 5.815 6.232 6.514 6.187 5.810 6.171 6.426 6.136
 52.774 54.817 56.469 52.409 54.184 55.833 5.690 6.097 6.402 5.694 6.003 6.327
LSD at 0.5 level for:
Nitrogen levels (N) 0.185 0.252 0.043 0.118
Phosphorus levels (P) 0.177* 0.078* 0.031* 0.078*
Filter cake (F) 0.137 0.117 0.024 0.074
 NS 0.135 0.055 NS
 0.237 0.201 0.042 0.127
 NS 0.165 NS NS
 0.335 0.285 0.059 0.180
219
Egypt. J. Agro. 40, No. 3 (2018)
ENHANCEMENT OF YIELD AND QUALITY OF SUGARCANE...
The results revealed that increasing level of

fad increased cane and sugar yields/fad in both
      
and 3.695ton/fad) and (0.407 and 0.712ton/
fad), compared to that recorded by canes left
 st season,
corresponding to (1.775 and 3.424ton/fad) and
(0.309 and 0.633ton/fad), in the 2nd season. These
        
added some organic matter and nutrients to the
soil used by cane plants (Table 2). These results in
agreement with those obtained by Pakkiyappan &
Saminathan (1999), Kumar & Verma (2002), Babu
et al. (2005) Shankaraiah & Murthy (2005), Santos
et al. (2010) and Abd- El-Kader (2017).
In the same table, the interaction between
       
       nd
season and sugar yield in the 1st season only, the
highest cane and sugar yield (57.242tons/fad and
(6.650tons/fad) were obtained by applying 210kg
N/fad and 30kgP2O5/fad.
As for, the interaction between N levels and
        
       
cane and sugar yields/fad obtained when adding



fad in the 2nd seasons only. The highest yield
56.679tons/fad of cane, where the addition of
super phosphate at rate 30kg P2O5 
cake of 4tons/fad.
The 2nd order interactions among the three
       
and sugar yields/fad in both seasons. Fertilization
sugar cane by rate 210kg N/fad with added 30kg
P2O5       
cane and sugar yield which were (58.631 and
59.062tons/fad) and (6.878 and 6.910tons/fad) in
the 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively.
Conclusion
It’s known that nitrogen has a close relationship
with yield and its components, where it plays a
direct role on growth behavior and juice quality
of sugar cane.     
sugar cane productivity and quality resulted from
applying fertilized at rate 210kg N/fad associated
with 30kg P2O5  
In addation, The results obtained that increasing
       
2 to 4tons/fad increased stalk weight kg/plant
and number of millable cane/fad by (0.025 and
0.047kg/plant) and (0.758 and 1.298thousand/
fad) compared to that recorded by canes left

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(Received 27/ 8/2018;
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ENHANCEMENT OF YIELD AND QUALITY OF SUGARCANE...
           

(2)(1)(1)
(2)(1)

31.4126.33
2018/20172017/201669
210 180150 
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... They 39 added that the interaction between varieties and N fertilizer was significant in its effect on stalk height, percentages of purity, sucrose and TSS. Bekheet et al. (2018) stated that raising nitrogen level up to 210 kg / fed sharply increased stalk dimensions and its weight, yields of cane and sugar, sucrose %, recoverable sugar % and brix reading. Abdel-Kader and Abdel-Aal (2019) illustrated that millable cane dimensions, cane and sugar yields/fed markedly increased by raising N rates from 180 to 220 kg/fed. ...
... The increase in millable dimensions and its fresh weight may be due to nitrogen's role as an important nutrient in building-up plant organs and their development. These findings are consistent with those mentioned by Bekheet et al. (2018) and Zeng et al. (2020). ...
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Two field experiments were conducted at Mallawi Agric. Res. Station, El-Minia Governorate, Egypt, during 2018-19 and 2019-20 seasons to evaluate the performance of four sugarcane varieties (G.T.54-9, G.84-47, G.2003-47 and G.2004-27) in response to Azospirillum brasilense application methods (without, soil drench and inoculation of cane setts) and inorganic-N levels (150 and 200 kg N / fed) following split plot design. Variety G.T.54-9 surpassed the other varieties in millable cane weight, cane and sugar yields / fed. There was an insignificant difference between GT.54-9 and G.2004-27 varieties in cane yield / fed in both seasons and sugar yield / fed in the 1st one. Inoculating cane setts with Azospirillum was more effective on most of the studied traits than soil drench. Adding 200 kg N/fed significantly increased brix %, sucrose %, cane and sugar yields / fed, while purity % was reduced. The effects of the significant interactions among the studied factors on the recorded traits were discussed. Correlation between cane yield and its components was highly significant with positive directions across seasons. Cane yield and millable cane weight recorded the highest heritability %, genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation. Significant genotypic effects indicated existence of the genetic variability among varieties and the possibility of utilizing them in genetic improvement. Variety G.T. 54-9 attained the highest net return, followed by G. 2004-27, G. 2003-47 and G. 84-47. Under conditions of the present work, inoculating cane cutting seeds of G.T. 54-9 and / or G. 2004-27 sugarcane varieties with 2 packets / fed (one packet = 400 g) containing Azospirillum brasilense bacteria + 150 kg N/fed could be recommended to attain the economical cane and sugar yields.
... These results are probably attributed to the content of both sucrose and reducing sugars in cane juice, where the higher the sucrose percentage and the lower the reducing sugars. These results confirmed with those obtained by Ismail et al. (2000), Elamin et al. (2007) and Bekheet et al. (2018). Super phosphate addition by rates 30 kg P 2 O 5 /fad. ...
... These results are probably attributed to the content of both sucrose and reducing sugars in cane juice, where the higher the sucrose percentage and the lower the reducing sugars recorded by the studied in sugar recovery with the increasing phosphorus fertilization levels. These finding are in a good line with those obtained by Ahmed et al. (2008) and Bekheet et al. (2018). Who reported that phosphorus fertilization levels had significantly affected sugar recovery%. ...
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The present study was conducted at district Kom Ombo sugar cane farms, (latitude of 24 o 28 o N and longitude of 32 o 57 o E), Aswan Governorate, in the two seasons of 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 including plant cane and 1 st ratoon crops, respectively. To study the effect of harvesting age and phosphorus fertilization levels on yield and quality of some sugar cane varieties. Field experiment included twenty-seven treatments represented the combinations among three harvesting ages (10, 11 and 12 months) three phosphorus fertilization levels [30, 45 and 60 kg P 2 O 5 /fad.] and three sugar cane varieties [G.T. 54-9, G.2003-47 and G.2004-27]. Randomized complete block design with three replications laind aut in split-split plots arrangement. The results showed that all of the studied traits were significantly influenced by the harvesting ages. The three sugar cane varieties significantly differed in all studied traits. The new commercial sugar cane variety G.2003-47 showed superiority over the other varieties in brix sucrose purity cane and sugar recovery percentages. Increasing phosphorus level from 30 up to 60 kg P 2 O 5 /fad. increased significantly brix, sucrose, purity and sugar recovery percentages, while cane and sugar yield tons/fad., in plant cane crop, only. Our data suggest that farmers should attempt to harvest the majority of their crop at age of 12 months. With fertilization by 60 kg P 2 O 5 /fad. to maximize yield.
... In addition to an increase in cane yield, a higher %CCS also resulted in greater sugar yield. The application of N and P fertilizers stimulates sucrose concentration and sugar yield (Bekheet et al. 2018). However, higher fertilizer application rates did not induce a higher %CCS, indicating that the %CCS values for KB150/RB150, KB200/RB200, and KB250/RB250 applications were the same. ...
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The default emission factor (EF) of 1.00% for direct nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, as recommended by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), is often applied in countries that lack region-specific N2O EFs, such as Thailand. However, this approach introduces significant uncertainty due to the spatial variability and complex dynamics governing N2O emissions, potentially leading to inaccurate estimates. This study quantified direct N2O emissions and derived EFs from chemical fertilizer applications at varying rates (0, 100, 150, 200, and 250 kg N ha⁻¹) in sugarcane plantations located in Kanchanaburi (KB) and Ratchaburi (RB) provinces, western Thailand. The results showed that using nitrogen (N) fertilizer significantly stimulated N2O emissions at both study sites, with higher N input correlating to greater emissions. The cumulative N2O emissions for N application rates ranging from 0 to 250 kg N ha⁻¹ varied from 1.16 to 3.85 kg N2O ha⁻¹ in KB and from 1.33 to 3.90 kg N2O ha⁻¹ in RB. The calculated N2O EFs averaged 0.68% (0.66–0.71%) in KB and 0.70% (0.64–0.83%) in RB, with an overall mean EF of 0.69%, representing a 0.31% reduction from the IPCC’s default value. This reduction is relatively attributed to rainfall patterns, soil properties, N application rates, and N utilization by plant in the area. The findings suggest that Thailand’s current national N2O inventory, based on the default EF, may be overestimated if country-specific EFs resemble the area-specific data observed in this study. While chemical fertilizer application increased N2O emissions, its role in enhancing soil nutrient availability is essential for boosting crop productivity. Notably, the highest fertilizer input (250 − 75 − 149 kg N − P − K ha⁻¹) did not result in a proportional increase in yield, suggesting that applying fertilizer beyond crop demand may not maximize productivity. Thus, optimizing fertilizer application to match crop nutrient requirements presents a straightforward and practical strategy to reduce N2O emissions while maintaining food security. Graphical abstract
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The experiment was conducted at CCS, HAU, Regional Research Station, Kamal, Haryana, during 2001-2002 on the plant crop of sugarcane. The treatments consisted of control, application of NP, NPK, NPKZn, N+ FYM@ 12.5 t/ha, N+ pressmud (PM, sulphitation@ 12.5 t/ha) and N+ green manuring of daincha in situ (GM), NP+ FYM. NP+ PM and NP+ GM, NPK+ FYM, NPK+ PM and NPK+ GM. The rates ofN, P, K and Zn were 150 kg N, 50 kg P 2 O 6, 50 kg K 2 O and 25kg ZnSO 4/ha. Application of NPK increased the cane yield, number of millable cane (NMC) and single cane weight (SC, cane length, cane diameter and sucrose (%) and commercial cane sugar (CCS%) over NP treatment, while NPKZn was at parwith NPK. N with organic manure was at par with NP with regard to these parameters. Organic manure with NP further increased yield parameters number of millable cane (NMC) and single cane weight (SCW), cane length, and cane diameter, which were at par with NPK. Organic manure with NPK gave maximum values of these parameters. The results indicate that application of organic manure with NP and NPK are the better treatments to sustain sugarcane production.
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Phosphorus is considered an essential element for plants and it is found in small amounts in Brazilian soils. The filter cake residue, composed of a mixture of bagasse and decanting sludge, has high levels of organic matter, phosphorus and calcium. The phosphorus present in the filter cake is organic, and its release, as it happens to the nitrogen, occurs gradually by mineralization and by microorganisms attack in the soil. This study aimed to evaluate sugarcane vegetative growth and yield under fertilization with filter cake enriched with soluble phosphate. The experiment was carried out in Presidente Prudente, São Paulo State, Brazil, by using a randomized complete block design, in a 5x4 factorial scheme, where the first factor consisted of filter cake doses (0 t ha-1, 0.5 t ha-1, 1.0 t ha-1, 2.0 t ha-1, and 4.0 t ha-1) and the second of phosphorus fertilizer doses (0 kg ha-1, 50 kg ha -1, 100 kg ha-1, and 200 kg ha-1 of P 2O5), with 4 repetitions, totalizing 80 plots. The experiment evaluated the tiller number, at 30, 60, 90, and 120 days after planting, oBrix, and yield. The stalk yield and tillering were influenced by the filter cake rates applied to the soil. Filter cake doses and their combination with phosphate did not change the juice quality (Brix) at harvest.
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The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of fertilization with filter cakes enriched with soluble phosphate on sugarcane ratoons. The experiment was performed from November 2007 to December 2009 at Presidente Prudente, Sao Paulo State, Brazil, in a completely randomized block design in a 4 x 4 factorial arrangement, with the first factor consisting of doses of filter cake (0, 1, 2 and 4 Mg ha(-1)) and the second doses consisting of phosphorus fertilizer (0, 50, 100, 200 kg ha(-1) of P2O5) with 4 replicates. The following variables were evaluated: the number of tillers per meter, the leaf area index, soluble solids (degrees Brix), stalk and sugar yield in the second crop cycle. We found a residual effect in the sugarcane ratoon after applying filter cakes enriched with soluble phosphate in the planting furrow. The initial tillering, leaf area index, stalk and sugar yield in the cane ratoon benefit from the application of filter cakes and soluble phosphate in the planting furrow. The best combination is filter cakes at a dose between 1.0 and 2.0 mg ha(-1) with 100 to 200 kg ha(-1) soluble phosphate applied at planting. This method obtains higher stalk and sugar yields for sugarcane ratoons.
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Four sugarcane varieties (Co 740, Coc 771, Coc 85061 and G 85335) were evaluated in a soil polluted by tannery effluents under different management practices Among the four varieties. CoC 771 recorded the highest cane yield of 124.92 t/ha and sugar yield of 13.61 t/ha with the application of 25 tha of coir pith. Coir pith mulching trash mulching and pressmud application were found superior over the application o amendments like gypsum and pyrites.
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The effect due to integrated use of chemical fertilizers (50%, 75% and 100% of recommended NPK) and Enriched Pressmud cake (10 t ha-1 and 15 t ha-1 ) in comparison with raw Pressmud cake (15 t ha-1 ) was studied on Sugarcane crop for three seasons from 1999–2000 to 2002–2003 at Zonal Agricultural Research station, Visweswaraiah Canal Farm, Mandya. Integrated use of Enriched Pressmud cake @ 15 t ha-1 at recommended fertilization resulted in increased cane and sugar yields to the tune of 21 per cent over chemical fertilizers alone with an additional income of Rs. 23, 181 ha-1 realized at the cost of Rs. 6000 ha-1. The findings were also indicative of saving in fertilizer NPK by 50 per cent by the addition of enriched Pressmud cake @ 101 ha-1 which was comparable with Raw Pressmud @ 15 t ha-1. Enrichment of Pressmud cake exhibited enhanced efficiency and higher returns
Ratooning ability of some sugarcane promising varieties under different levels of nitrogen fertilization
  • Abd El-Aal
  • A M El Shiekh
  • S R E Fergany
Abd El-Aal, A.M., El Shiekh, S.R.E. and Fergany, M.A. (2015) Ratooning ability of some sugarcane promising varieties under different levels of nitrogen fertilization. Egypt. J. Appl. Sci. 30(1), 23-34.