Yield and Quality of Some Sugar Cane Varieties as Affected by Har- vesting Age and Phosphorus Fertilization Levels

Abstract

The present study was conducted at district Kom Ombo sugar cane farms, (latitude of 24 o 28 o N and longitude of 32 o 57 o E), Aswan Governorate, in the two seasons of 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 including plant cane and 1 st ratoon crops, respectively. To study the effect of harvesting age and phosphorus fertilization levels on yield and quality of some sugar cane varieties. Field experiment included twenty-seven treatments represented the combinations among three harvesting ages (10, 11 and 12 months) three phosphorus fertilization levels [30, 45 and 60 kg P 2 O 5 /fad.] and three sugar cane varieties [G.T. 54-9, G.2003-47 and G.2004-27]. Randomized complete block design with three replications laind aut in split-split plots arrangement. The results showed that all of the studied traits were significantly influenced by the harvesting ages. The three sugar cane varieties significantly differed in all studied traits. The new commercial sugar cane variety G.2003-47 showed superiority over the other varieties in brix sucrose purity cane and sugar recovery percentages. Increasing phosphorus level from 30 up to 60 kg P 2 O 5 /fad. increased significantly brix, sucrose, purity and sugar recovery percentages, while cane and sugar yield tons/fad., in plant cane crop, only. Our data suggest that farmers should attempt to harvest the majority of their crop at age of 12 months. With fertilization by 60 kg P 2 O 5 /fad. to maximize yield.

Full text

Assiut J. Agric. Sci., 51 (4) 2020 (1-15) ISSN: 1110-0486
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Yield and Quality of Some Sugar Cane Varieties as Affected by Har-
vesting Age and Phosphorus Fertilization Levels
Teama, E.A.1; A.Z.A. Hamed2; F.M.F. Abdel-Motagally1; *M.T. Said1 and
M.H. Abo El-Waffa1
1Faculty of Agriculture Assiut University, Assiut Egypt
2Sugar Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
*Email: mthawat@aun.edu.eg
Received on: 8/11/2020 Accepted for publication on: 15/11/2020
Abstract
The present study was conducted at district Kom Ombo sugar cane farms,
(latitude of 24o 28o N and longitude of 32o 57o E), Aswan Governorate, in the
two seasons of 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 including plant cane and 1st ratoon
crops, respectively. To study the effect of harvesting age and phosphorus fertili-
zation levels on yield and quality of some sugar cane varieties. Field experiment
included twenty-seven treatments represented the combinations among three har-
vesting ages (10, 11 and 12 months) three phosphorus fertilization levels [30, 45
and 60 kg P2O5/fad.] and three sugar cane varieties [G.T. 54-9, G.2003-47 and
G.2004-27]. Randomized complete block design with three replications laind aut
in split-split plots arrangement.
The results showed that all of the studied traits were significantly influ-
enced by the harvesting ages. The three sugar cane varieties significantly differed
in all studied traits. The new commercial sugar cane variety G.2003-47 showed
superiority over the other varieties in brix sucrose purity cane and sugar recovery
percentages. Increasing phosphorus level from 30 up to 60 kg P2O5/fad. increased
significantly brix, sucrose, purity and sugar recovery percentages, while cane and
sugar yield tons/fad., in plant cane crop, only.
Our data suggest that farmers should attempt to harvest the majority of their
crop at age of 12 months. With fertilization by 60 kg P2O5/fad. to maximize
yield.
Keywords: Sugar cane, varieties, phosphorus fertilization levels, harvesting date.
Introduction
Sugar cane is the second sugar
crop in Egypt. It is a large grass culti-
vated in tropical and subtropical re-
gions and belongs to the genus Sac-
charum, poaceae family. Sugar cane
is a C4 plant that is able to maintain
higher rates of photosynthesis com-
pared to C3 plants. Sugar cane plants,
depending on the availability of water
and nutrients, the rate of photosyn-
thesis will vary according to light in-
tensity. Under conditions of good
supply of nutrients, sugar cane plant
can express the best genetic charac-
teristics and produce highest yields of
cane and sugar which is the main goal
of sugar cane cultivation.
The extracted sugar basically
starts from the field and depends up-
on age of varieties at harvesting. Sug-
ar cane varieties differ in their ma-
turity ages which extend to be of vi-
tal importance for both cane grower
and processor Jadhav et al. (2000),
Ahmed (2003), Abd El-Razek and
Besheit (2011), Osman et al. (2011),
Hagos et al. (2014), Ahmed and

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2
Awadalla (2016), Endris et al.
(2016), Mehareb and Abazied (2017)
and Vajantha et al. (2019).
A new sugar cane variety is
considered one of the essential wings
for production. Sugar cane varieties
differ in their ability to mature at dif-
ferent ages. Many investigators
pointed out the important role of va-
rieties in respect to their variation in
yield, its components and quality
(Kumara and Bandara (2002), Sohu
et al. (2008), El-Shafai and Ismail
(2006), Mohamed et al. (2012), Aba-
zied (2018), Abd El-Azez et al. (
2018) and Abo El-hamd et al. (2019).
Phosphate compounds in plants
are called the energy currency where
they are involved in the formation of
ATP. It occupies a critical position
both in the plant and soil biology.
The necessity of phosphorus as a
plant nutrient is emphasized by the
fact that it is an essential constituent
of many organic compounds that are
very important for metabolic process-
es. Many investigators pointed out
the importance of the role of phos-
phorus in respect to its influence on
yield and quality characteristics of
sugarcane Chaudhery and Chatta
(2000), Ismail et al. (2000), El-Tilib
et al. (2004), Ahmed et al. (2008) and
Mehareb et al. (2018).
The main objective of this in-
vestigation was to determine the op-
timum phosphorus level and optimum
age for harvesting giving the highest
yield and quality of the tested varie-
ties.
Materials and Methods
The study was carried out at dis-
trict Kom Ombo sugar cane farms,
(latitude of 24°28″N and longitude of
32°57″E), Aswan Governorate,
Egypt. Including plant cane and the
first tratoon crops grown during
2015/2016 and 2016/2017 seasons to
study the effect of harvesting age and
phosphorus levels on yield and quali-
ty of some sugar cane varieties. Field
experiment included twenty-seven
treatments represented the combina-
tions among three harvesting ages
(10, 11 and 12 months) three phos-
phorus fertilization levels [30, 45 and
60 kg P2O5/fad.] and three sugar cane
varieties [G.T. 54-9, G.2003-47 and
G.2004-27]. In plant cane crop, phos-
phorus fertilizer was added as ordinary
super phosphate, 15.5% P2O5 in fur-
rows before drilling cane seed cuttings.
Seed cuttings were covered with soil
from next ridges. In the 1st ratoon,
phosphorus fertilizer was added after
furrowing (earthling-up soil) between
rows.
Randomized complete block de-
sign with three replications laid aut in
split-split plots arrangement was
used. Harvesting ages were arranged
in the main plots, while cane varieties
were randomly distributed in sub-plots
and the sub-sub plots were assigned for
phosphorus levels. Plot area was 35 m2
(including five ridges of seven meters
in length and one meter apart). Sugar
cane varieties were planted in mid-
March with the dry method, and the
field was irrigated right after plant-
ing, Harvest took place 10, 11, 12
months after planting. All other agro-
nomic practices were carried out as
recommended under Aswan region
conditions.

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3
Table 1. Mechanical and chemical properties of the upper (30-60) cm of the exper-
imental soil sites.
Season 2015/2016 2016/2017
Mechanical analysis
Sand % 69.16 69.16
Silt % 20.00 20.00
Clay % 11.84 11.84
Soil texture
Sand loam Sand loam
Chemical analysis pH 7.7 7.9
Concentration of N (ppm) 26 29
Concentration of P (ppm) 7.00 8.00
Concentration of K (ppm) 31.1 33.2
Cations meq/100g
Na
+
Meq/100g
0.51 0.55
K
+
Meq/100g
0.08 0.09
Ca
++
Meq/100g
0.36 0.35
Mg
++
Meq/100g
0.21 0.22
Anions meq/100g
Cl
-
Meq/100g
0.23 0.42
So
4
=
Meq/100g
0.29 0.28
HCo
3 Meq/100g
0.53 0.61
The recorded data:
At each harvesting date, twenty-
five millable cane was collected im-
mediately after harvest, stripped and
squeezed then juice was extracted us-
ing three-rool lab mill, filtrated and
weighed to determine the following
quality traits:
1. Brix percentage (total soluble sol-
ids, TSS %) in cane juice was de-
termined using Brix Hydrometer
according to A.O.A.C. (2005).
2. Sucrose percentage was deter-
mined using Sacharemeter accord-
ing to the method of
A.O.A.C. (2005).
3. Juice Purity percentage was calcu-
lated according to the following
100
percentageBrix
percentage
sucrose
percentagepurity Juice 
4. Sugar recovery percentage was
calculated according to the follow-
ing formula described by Yadav
and Sharma (1980).
Sugar recovery % = [Sucrose %
- 0.4(brix % - sucrose %)] x 0.73
5. Cane yield (ton/fad.): it was deter-
mined from the weight of the three
middle guarded rows of each plot
converted into value per fad.
6. Sugar yield (tons/fad.): was calcu-
lated according to the following
formula described by Mathur
(1981). Sugar yield = cane yield
(ton/fad.) x sugar recovery %.
The collected data were statisti-
cally analyzed according to the meth-
od described by Snedecor and
Cochran (1981). Treatment means
were compared using LSD at 5% lev-
el of difference as outlined by Steel
and Torrie (1980).
Results and Discussion
1- Brix percentage
Data in Table 1 show that the
harvesting ages had significant effect
on brix percentage in both seasons.
Highest value of brix percentage

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4
(22.70 and 23.64) in two respectively
seasons were recorded when plants
harvested at ages of 12 months in the
plant cane and the first ratoon crops,
respectively. The increases in brix%
was increased gradually as harvesting
delayed to reach its maximum values
at the age of 12 months may be due to
the continuous accumulation of solids
as harvest age. Similar results were
reported by Jadhav et al.(2000), Ah-
med (2003), Hagos et al. (2014) and
Endris et. al.(2016). Who reported
that, harvest age showed highly sig-
nificant influence on brix % values.
The data in the same Table
demonstrated that brix percentage
was significantly affected by the test-
ed sugar cane varieties in both crops.
The G.2003-47 variety had the high-
est value of brix percentage (21.40
and 23.26) followed by G.2004-27
and G.T.54-9 in the plant cane and
the its 1st ratoon crops, respectively.
The variation between the examined
varieties in brix percentage may be
due to the differences in growth and
response to the surrounding environ-
mental conditions prevailing during
the formation of soluble solids in the
cane plants. These results confirmed
with those obtained by El-Shafai and
Ismail (2006), Mehareb et al. (2018)
and Abd El-Azez et al. (2018). Found
that brix % was significantly affected
by the examined sugar cane varieties.
Table 1. Brix percentage of sugar cane varieties as affected by harvesting age and
phosphorus fertilization levels in plant cane and its first ratoon crops
Harvesting
age
Plant cane season
First ratoon season
Varieties
Kg P
2
O
5
/fad
.
Mean
Kg P
2
O
5
/fad.
Mean
30
45
60
30
45
60
10 months
G.2003
-
47
19.97
20.25
20.25
20.16
21.87
21.96
22.16
21.98
G. 2004
-
27
19.26
19.76
19.86
19.62
19.89
20.46
21.14
20.50
G.T. 54
-
9
18.68
18.86
18.95
18.84
20.76
20.90
21.02
20.89
Mean
19.30
19.62
19.69
19.54
20.84
21.10
21.44
21.13
G.2003
-
47
20.29
20.91
21.65
20.95
23.31
23.68
23.83
23.61
11 months
G. 2004
-
27
20.10
20.89
20.62
20.54
21.82
21.28
21.67
21.59
G.T. 54
-
9
19.77
20.30
20.88
20.32
21.97
22.31
22.64
22.31
Mean
20.04
20.7
0
21.05
20.60
22.37
22.43
22.72
22.50
G.2003
-
47
22.21
22.82
24.27
23.10
24.64
23.60
24.24
24.17
12 months
G. 2004
-
27
22.29
22.91
23.22
22.81
23.59
22.90
23.02
23.17
G.T. 54
-
9
22.13
21.28
23.13
22.18
24.05
23.14
23.59
23.59
Mean
22.21
22.34
23.54
22.70
24.10
23.22
23.62
23.64
B x C
G.2003
-
47
20.82 21.33 22.06 21.40 23.27 23.08 23.41
23.26
G. 2004
-
27
20.55 21.18 21.24 20.99 21.77 21.55 21.95
21.75
G.T. 54
-
9
20.19 20.15 20.99 20.44 22.26 22.12 22.42
22.27
Mean
20.52
20.89
21.43
22.43
22.25
22.59
LSD at 5% level of significant
Harvest age (A)
0.22
0.29
Varieties (B)
0.23
0
.19
Phosphorus on levels
(C)
0.18
0.18
(A)x
(B)
0.40
0.33
(A)x
(C)
0.30
0.31
(B)x (C)
0.30
0.31
(A)x
(B)x (C)
0.53
0.53
Brix percentage responded signif-
icantly to phosphorus fertilization lev-
els in both seasons. The highes values
of brix % was recorded when cane

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5
plants received (60 Kg P2O5/fad.) in
both seasons. The fact that phosphorus
increases the vegetative growth of
plants and consequently resulted in
more metabolites required for the for-
mation of soluble solids Ahmed and
Awadalla (2016). These finding are in
a good line with those obtained by
Ismail et al. (2000) and Hadush et al.
(2014). They reported that phospho-
rus, addition by rates of 30 kg
P2O5/fad. resulted in a significant in-
crease in brix percentage in both sea-
sons.
Brix percentage, responded sig-
nificantly to all interactions among the
studied factors in both seasons. Gener-
ally, the maximum brix % was ob-
tained from G. 2003-47 variety when it
was harvested at age of 12 months as
well as fertilized with 60 and 30 kg
P2O5/fad., in 1st and 2nd seasons respec-
tively.
2- Sucrose percentage
Data in Table 2 result that su-
crose percentage significantly in-
creased by increasing harvest age
from 10 up to 12 months old in the
two seasons, harvesting at 12 months
recorded the highest mean values
(19.70 and 20.50%) in plant cane and
first ratoon crops respectively. The
increase in sucrose% at the age of 12
months might be due to the enzymes
which change the reducing sugars to
sucrose or it could be due to positive
impact of cane maturity which allow
translocation and accumulation of
additional sucrose on the harvest age.
Differences among cane varieties in
this trait were also found by Ahmed
(2003), Abd El-Razek and Besheit
(2011), Osman et al. (2011), and Va-
jantha et al. (2019). Who found the
data indicated that age of harvest
showed significant influence on su-
crose percent.
Furthermore, data in the same
Table show that sucrose percentage
was significantly affected by sugar
cane varieties in both seasons. The
highest mean values of this trait
(18.39% and 20.08%) were obtained
by (G.2003-47) variety in the first
and second seasons respectively,
while variety of G. 2004- 27 gave the
lowest values in the two seasons.
These results may be due to the ge-
netic differences among varieties in
their ability of the formation of inter-
nodes. Differences among varieties in
sucrose % depend on the interaction
between varieties and environmental
factors during growth and maturing
stage. Ahmed (2003). This result is in
agreement with those obtained by
Mohamed et al. (2012), Kumara and
Bandara (2002), Sohu et al. (2008)
and Abd El-Azez et al. (2018). Who
found that sucrose percentage was
differed significantly by the tested
sugar cane varieties.

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6
Table 2. Sucrose percentage of sugar cane varieties as affected by harvesting age
and phosphorus fertilization levels in plant cane and its first ratoon crops
Harvesting
age Varieties
Plant cane season
First ratoon season
Kg P
2
O
5
/fad.
Mean
Kg P
2
O
5
/fad.
Mean
30
45
60
30
45
60
10 months
G.2003
-
47
16.60
16.84
17.28
16.91
18.40
18.69
19.15
18.75
G. 2004
-
27
14.95
15.26
15.50
15.24
16.24
16.85
17.56
16.88
G.T. 54
-
9
15.70
15.55
15.64
15.63
17.41
17
.69
17.87
17.66
Mean
15.75
15.88
16.14
15.91
17.34
17.74
18.19
17.76
11 months
G.2003
-
47
17.11
17.80
18.94
17.95
20.18
20.58
20.79
20.52
G. 2004
-
27
15.90
16.56
17.47
16.63
18.36
18.48
18.39
18.41
G.T. 54
-
9
16.67
17.16
17.67
17.14
18.89
19.34
19.56
19.26
Mean
16.56
17.14
18.02
17.24
19.14
19.47
19.58
19.39
12 months
G.2003
-
47
18.91
20.57
21.53
20.34
21.33
20.51
21.06
20.97
G. 2004
-
27
19.22
20.07
20.13
19.81
20.23
19.61
19.93
19.92
G.T. 54
-
9
18.80
18.16
19.90
18.96
20.91
20.29
20.63
20.61
Mean
18.98
19.60
20.52
19.70
20.83
20.14
20.54
20.50
B x C
G.2003
-
47
17.54
18.40
19.25
18.39
19.97
19.9
3
20.33
20.08
G. 2004
-
27
16.69
17.30
17.70
17.23
18.28
18.31
18.63
18.41
G.T. 54
-
9
17.06
16.93
17.74
17.24
19.07
19.11
19.35
19.18
Mean
17.10
17.54
18.23
19.11
19.12
19.44
LSD at 5% level of significant
Harvest age (A)
0.89
0.46
Varieties (B)
0.27
0.31
Phosphoruso
n levels (C)
0.19
0.16
(A)x(B)
0.46
0.53
(A)x (C)
0.34
0.27
(B)x (C)
0.34
0.27
(A)x(B)x (C)
0.58
0.4
7
Also data given in the same Ta-
ble (2) reveled that sucrose percentage
was significantly affected by phospho-
rus fertilization levels in the both sea-
sons. Sucrose % was significantly in-
creased by increasing phosphorus ferti-
lization levels from 30 up to 60 kg
P2O5/fad. Applying phosphorus ferti-
lization 60 kg P2O5/fad. resulted in
1.13% and 0.76% higher than that
found with 30 and 45 kg P2O5/fad. in
the plant cane, corresponding to
0.33% and 0.32% in first ratoon, re-
spectively. These results may be due
to that the phosphorus is essential for
cell division and enhances photosyn-
thetic activity, it also regulates synthe-
sis of sugar and storage. These results
confirmed with those obtained by Is-
mail et al. (2000), Elamin et al.
(2007), Ahmed et al. (2008) and Me-
hareb et al. (2018). They noted that
phosphorus fertilizer affected su-
crose% in two seasons.
Sucrose percentage was respond-
ed significantly to all possible interac-
tions among the three studied factors in
plant cane seasons as well as the inter-
action between harvesting age and
phosphorus fertilization levels in the 1st
ratoon crop. In general, the maximum
sucrose % (21.53and 21.33%) was ob-
tained from G.2003-47 variety when it
was fertilized with 60 and 30 kg P2O5
and harvested at age of 12 months re-
spectively.
3-Purity percentage
Data in Table 3 result that the
harvesting ages had significant effect
on purity percentage in bot plant cane
and 1st ratoon crops. It could be no-
ticed that significant and gradually

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7
increase in purity percentage as har-
vest age increase to reach its highest
mean values (87.16% and 86.96%) at
the age of 12 months in the plant crop
and 1st ratoon crop, respectively. The
increase in on purity percentage is
mainly due to the increase in sucrose
% trait discussed before (Table 2).
These results confirmed with those
obtained by Ahmed (2003), Abd El-
Razek and Besheit (2011) and Me-
hareb and Abazied (2017). Who
found that harvest ages significantly
differed in purity percentage.
Data in the same Table disclose
that sugar cane varieties varied signifi-
cantly in purity percentage. In gen-
eral, purity percentage of G. 2003-47
was slightly higher than other varie-
ties (85.85and 86.31%) in both sea-
sons. While the cane variety of G.
2004-27 gave the lowest purity per-
centage (81.86 and 84.54%) in both
seasons respectively. The varietal dif-
ferences may be attributed to the ge-
netic constitutes of varieties and its
interaction with environmental condi-
tions. These results confirmed with
those obtained by El-Shafai and Is-
mail (2006), Ahmed et al. (2008),
Mohamed et al. (2012), Mehareb et
al. (2018) and Abazied (2018). They
found that significant differences
among the tested varieties for juice
purity percentage.
Purity percentage was signifi-
cantly affected by phosphorus fertilizer
levels in both seasons. Increasing the
phosphorus dose to 60 kg P2O5/fad.,
increased purity percentage.
Table 3. Purity percentage of sugar cane varieties as affected by harvesting age
and phosphorus fertilization levels in plant cane and its first ratoon crops.
Harvesting
age
Plant cane season
First ratoon season
Varieties
Kg P
2
O
5
/fad.
Mean
Kg P
2
O
5
/fad.
Mean
30
45
60
30
45
60
G.2003
-
47
83.03
83.14
85.32
83.85
84.15
85.11
86.41
85.23
10months
G. 2004
-
27
77.73
77.35
78.04
77.7
1
81.63
82.33
83.08
82.35
G.T. 54
-
9
83.98
82.47
82.53
82.99
83.86
84.61
85.02
84.50
Mean
81.59
81.60
80.99
81.97
81.52
83.21
84.02
84.84
G.2003
-
47
84.34
85.11
87.49
85.65
86.59
86.91
87.24
86.91
11 months
G. 2004
-
27
79.15
79.25
84.69
81.03
84.17
86.82
84.88
85.29
G.T. 54
-
9
84.39
84.08
84.62
84.36
85.96
86.68
86.39
86.35
Mean
82.
62
82.63
82.81
85.60
83.48
85.57
86.81
86.17
G.2003
-
47
85.18
90.19
88.76
88.04
86.58
86.93
86.85
86.79
12 months
G. 2004
-
27
86.23
87.60
86.69
86.84
85.76
85.63
86.58
85.99
G.T. 54
-
9
84.99
85.35
86.04
85.46
86.99
87.68
87.45
87.37
Mean
84.99
85.47
87.71
87.16
86.78
86.45
86.75
86.96
B x C
G.2003
-
47
84.21
86.15
87.19
85.85
85.77
86.32
86.83
86.31
G. 2004
-
27
81.04
81.40
83.14
81.86
83.86
84.93
84.85
84.54
G.T. 54
-
9
84.45
83.97
84.40
84.27
85.60
86.33
86.29
86.07
Mean
83.23
83.84
84.91
85.08
85.86
85.99
LSD at 5% level of significant
Harvest age (A)
5
.10
2.14
Varieties (B)
1.71
1.35
Phosphoruson levels (C)
0.98
0.75
(A)x(B)
2.97
2.33
(A)x (C)
1.70
1.30
(B)x (C)
1.70
1.30
(A)x(B)x (C)
2.97
2.26

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The highest mean values of pu-
rity (84.91% and 85.99%) in two re-
spectively seasons were obtained
sprayed it by (60 Kg P2O5/fad.). The-
se results are probably attributed to
the content of both sucrose and re-
ducing sugars in cane juice, where the
higher the sucrose percentage and the
lower the reducing sugars. These re-
sults confirmed with those obtained
by Ismail et al. (2000), Elamin et al.
(2007) and Bekheet et al. (2018). Su-
per phosphate addition by rates 30 kg
P2O5/fad. resulted in a significant in-
crease in purity percentages.
Purity percentages responded
significantly to all interactions among
the studied factors in the both season.
4. Sugar recovery percentage
Results presented in Table 4 re-
vealed that sugar recovery percentage
was significantly affected by increas-
ing harvest age. Sugar recovery per-
centage gradually increased and
reached to its maximum mean values
(13.51% and 14.05%) at the harvest-
ing age of 12 months, in the 1st and
2nd seasons, respectively. The in-
crease in recovery percentage is
mainly due to the increase in sucrose
content in cane juice. These results
similar as Osman et al. (2011), Hagos
et al. (2014) and Ahmed and
Awadalla (2016). They reported that
the harvesting age of cane plants at
had significant effect on sugar recov-
ery % in the two seasons.
Also, results in the same Table
indicated that sugar cane varieties var-
ied significantly in sugar recovery per-
centage in both seasons. The highest
values of this trait were obtained from
G.2003-47 variety in both plant cane
and first cane ratoon crops. This result
is probably due to higher sucrose per-
centage recorded by G.2003-47 varie-
ty differences in this trait were also
found by Kumara and Bandara
(2002), El-Shafai and Ismail (2006),
Mehareb et al. (2016), Abazied
(2018), and Abo El-hamd et al.
(2019). They found that studied cane
varieties differed significantly in sugar
recovery percentage.
The results pointed out that the
studied phosphorus fertilization levels
had a significant influence on sugar
recovery percentage in both seasons.
Increasing phosphorus on levels to
45 and 60 Kg P2O5/fad. led to increase
in sugar recovery percentage by 0.35
and 0 .89 as compared to that ob-
tained by fertilization with of 30 Kg
P2O5/fad. respectively, in the 1st sea-
son, being 0.07 and 0.30 in the 2nd
one. These results are probably at-
tributed to the content of both sucrose
and reducing sugars in cane juice,
where the higher the sucrose percent-
age and the lower the reducing sugars
recorded by the studied in sugar recov-
ery with the increasing phosphorus fer-
tilization levels. These finding are in a
good line with those obtained by Ah-
med et al. (2008) and Bekheet et al.
(2018). Who reported that phosphorus
fertilization levels had significantly af-
fected sugar recovery%.

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9
Table 4. Sugar recovery % of sugar cane varieties as affected by harvesting age
and phosphorus fertilization levels in plant cane and its first ratoon crops.
Harvesting
age
Plant cane season First ratoon season
Varieties Kg P
2
O
5
/fad. Mean Kg P
2
O
5
/fad. Mean
30 45 60 30 45 60
G.2003-47 11.14 11.29 11.74 11.39 12.42 12.69 13.10 12.74
10 months G. 2004-27 9.65 9.83 10.04 9.842 10.78 11.24 11.78 11.27
G.T. 54-9 10.58 10.39 10.46 10.48 11.73 11.97 12.12 11.94
Mean 10.46 10.51 10.75 10.57 11.65 11.97 12.33 11.98
G.2003-47 11.56 12.09 13.03 12.23 13.82 14.12 14.29 14.08
11 months G. 2004-27 10.39 10.82 11.83 11.01 12.39 12.67 12.47 12.51
G.T. 54-9 11.27 11.51 11.96 11.58 12.89 13.25 13.38 13.17
Mean 11.07 11.46 12.27 11.61 13.03 13.35 13.38 13.25
G.2003-47 12.84 14.35 14.92 14.04 14.61 14.07 14.44 14.37
12 months G. 2004-27 13.13 13.82 13.79 13.58 13.79 13.35 13.65 13.59
G.T. 54-9 12.76 12.35 13.59 12.90 14.36 13.98 14.19 14.18
Mean 12.91 13.51 14.10 13.51 14.25 13.80 14.10 14.05
B x C
G.2003-47 11.85 12.58 13.23 12.55 13.62 13.63 13.94 13.73
G. 2004-27 11.06 11.49 11.89 11.57 12.32 12.42 12.63 12.46
G.T. 54-9 11.53 11.42 12.00 11.65 12.99 13.07 13.23 13.09
Mean 11.48 11.83 12.37 12.97 13.04 13.27
LSD at 5% level of significant
Harvest age (A) 0.96 0.46
Varieties (B) 0.29 0.30
Phosphorus on levels (C) 0.19 0.15
(A)x(B) 0.51 0.53
(A)x (C) 0.32 0.26
(B)x (C) 0.32 NS
(A)x(B)x (C) 0.56 0.44
Sugar recovery percentage re-
sponded significantly to all interactions
except the interaction between cane
varieties and phosphorus fertilization
levels in 1st ratoon crops. The maxi-
mum sugar recovery % was obtained
from G.2003-47 variety when it was
fertilized with 60 and 30 kg P2O5/fad.,
and harvesting at age of 12 months in
both plant and first ratoon crops re-
spectively.
5- Cane yield (Ton/fad.)
Data in Table 5 found that the
harvesting times had a highly signifi-
cant effect on cane yield in the plant
cane only, there is a significant in-
crease in cane yield with an increase
in harvest age from 10 to 11 months,
the highest mean values on cane yield
(Ton/fad.) (58.136) was obtained by
harvest at age of (11 months). These
results confirmed with those obtained
by Jadhav et al. (2000), Osman et al.
(2011), Hagos et al. (2014), Ahmed
and Awadalla (2016). Who noted that
significant differences between har-
vesting ages in cane yield.
Data in the same Table resuld
that cane yield was significantly af-
fected by the examined sugar cane
varieties in both seasons. The variety
G.2004-27 surpassed the others two

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Teama, et al., 2020 http://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/
10
tested varieties in the first and second
plant crops seasons. The variation of
cane yield between the studied varie-
ties may be due to varietal character-
istic. These finding are in a good line
with those obtained by Kumara and
Bandara (2002), El-Shafai and Ismail
(2006), Ahmed et al. (2008), and Abd
El-Azez et al. (2018). They found
that a significant variance among the
tested sugar cane varieties in cane
yield.
Also data showed that phospho-
rus levels significantly affected cane
yield in plant cane crop only. Apply-
ing phosphorus fertilization 60 kg
P2O5/fad. gave significant higher
8.498 and 4.639 ton/fad. compared
than levels of phosphorus 30 and 45
kg P2O5/fad., respectively. These re-
sults are in harmony with those ob-
tained by Chaudhery and Chatta
(2000) and Mehareb et al. (2018).
Who found that phosphorus fertiliza-
tion levels had significant effect on
cane yield.
Also, cane yield was significantly
affected by the 1st and 2nd order interac-
tions in both seasons. In general, the
highest value of cane yield was ob-
tained by harvesting varity of G.T.54-9
at age of 11 and 10 months when it
was fertilized with 45 and 30 kg
P2O5/fad. in both plant and first ratoon
cane crops respectively.

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11
Table 5. Cane yield of sugarcane varieties as affected by harvesting age and phos-
phorus fertilization levels in plant cane and its first ratoon crops
Harvesting
age
Plant cane season First ratoon season
Varieties Kg P
2
O
5
/fad. Mean Kg P
2
O
5
/fad. Mean
30 45 60 30 45 60
G.2003-47 42.945 38.834
38.263
40.014 34.123 35.695 42.343 37.387
10 months G. 2004-27
41.910 49.824
58.493
50.076 42.858 58.607 56.154 52.536
G.T. 54-9 42.974 51.089
45.275
46.446 63.294 51.167 57.328 57.263
Mean 42.610 46.582
47.344
45.512 46.755 48.490 51.942 49.062
G.2003-47 49.785 53.433
50.247
51.155 45.259 47.532 35.317 42.703
11 months G. 2004-27
58.710 64.768
64.895
62.791 61.723 53.390 53.281 56.131
G.T. 54-9 56.498 68.973
55.915
60.462 59.185 49.391 49.901 52.826
Mean 54.998 62.392
57.019
58.136 55.389 50.104 46.166 50.553
G.2003-47 46.563 53.076
53.603
51.281 42.298 48.275 47.540 46.037
12 months G. 2004-27
60.133 55.491
57.938
57.854 52.715 51.561 53.396 52.557
G.T. 54-9 59.89 58.660
66.264
61.606 49.757 49.072 49.091 49.307
Mean 55.520 55.742
59.268
56.847 48.257 49.636 50.009 49.300
B x C
G.2003-47 46.431 48.448
47.371
47.417 40.560 43.834 41.733 42.042
G. 2004-27
53.584 56.694
60.442
56.907 52.429 54.520 54.277 53.742
G.T. 54-9 53.122 59.574
55.818
56.172 57.412 49.877 52.107 53.132
Mean 51.046 54.905
59.544
50.134 49.410 49.372
LSD at 5% level of significant
Harvest age (A)
3.68 NS
Varieties (B) 3.85 2.28
Phosphorus on levels (C) 2.44 NS
(A)x(B) 6.67 3.93
(A)x (C) 4.23 3.85
(B)x (C) 4.23 3.85
(A)x(B)x (C) 7.32 6.66
6- Sugar yield (Tons/fad.)
Data in Table 6 resuld that the
harvesting ages had asignificant ef-
fect on sugar yield in both seasons.
Delaying harvest up to 12 months old
resulted in increasing sugar yield by
2.920 and 2.163 Ton/fad. compared
with harvest at age of 10 and 11
months in plant cane, corresponding
to 1.065 and 0.804 Ton/fad. in 1st ra-
toon crop, respectively. The increase
is obtained due to the increasing ef-
fect of longer harvest ages on su-
crose, and purity percentages Table
(2 and 3). These finding are in a good
line with those obtained by Jadhav et
al. (2000), Ahmed (2003), Hagos et
al. (2014) and Vajantha et al. (2019).
Who reported that harvest age signif-
icantly influenced sugar yield.

Doi: 10.21608/ajas.2020.147362
Teama, et al., 2020 http://ajas.journals.ekb.eg/
12
Table 6. Sugar yield of sugarcane varieties as affected by harvesting age and phos-
phorus fertilization levels in plant cane and its first ratoon crops
Harvesting
age
Plant cane season
First ratoon season
Varieties
Kg P
2
O
5
/fad.
Mean
Kg P
2
O
5
/fad.
Mean
30
45
60
30
45
60
10 months
G.2003
-
47
5.847
5.363
5.327
5.51
2
4.243
4.530
5.557
4.77
7
G. 2004
-
27
5.360
6.533
7.733
6.54
2
4.620
6.590
6.620
5.943
G.T. 54
-
9
5.477
6.530
5.830
5.946
7.417
6.123
6.953
6.83
1
Mean
5.65
1
6.14
2
6.297
6
.000
5.42
7
5.748
6.37
7
5.850
11 months
G.2003
-
47
6.917
7.673
7.540
7.377
6.257
6.713
5.047
6.00
6
G. 2004
-
27
7.890
9.060
9.173
8.708
7.647
6.770
6.637
7.01
4
G.T. 54
-
9
7.643
9.573
7.993
8.4
03
7.627
6.543
6.653
6.94
1
Mean
7.48
3
8.769
8.236
8.16
3
7.17
3
6.67
6
6.112
6.65
4
12 months
G.2003
-
47
7.093
8.493
9.070
8.219
6
.177
6.790
6.867
6.611
G. 2004
-
27
9.250
8.823
9.313
9.129
7.270
6.873
7.290
7.144
G.T. 54
-
9
9.093
8.580
10.567
9.413
7.147
6.860
6.960
6.989
Mean
8.479
8.63
2
9.65
0
8.920
6.864
6.84
1
7.039
6.915
B x C
G.2003
-
47
6.619 7.177 7.312 7.036 5.559 6.011 5.823
5.798
G. 2004
-
27
7.500 8.139 8.740 8.126 6.509 6.744 6.849
6.70
1
G.T. 54
-
9
7.404 8.228 8.130 7.921 7.397 6.509 6.856
6.92
0
Mean
7.17
4
7.848
8.061
6.488
6.421
6.50
9
LSD at 5% level of significant
Harvest age (A)
0.52
0
.
33
Varieties (B)
0.60
0.34
Phosphorus on levels
(C)
0.35
NS
(A)x
(B)
1.04
0.59
(A)x
(C)
0.61
0.54
(B)x (C)
0.61
0.54
(A)x
(B)x (C)
1.05
0.94
The obtained revealed that the
tested sugar cane varieties differed
significantly in sugar yield in both
seasons. In plant cane crop, G.2004-27
variety out yielded G. 2003-47 and
G.T.54-9 varieties by 1.9 and 0.205
tons/fad., respectively. Meanwhile, in
the first ratoon, G.T.54-9 produced
1.122 and 0.219 tons’ sugar/fad higher
than those obtained from, G.2003-47
and G.2004-27 varieties. The superiori-
ty of G.2004-27 and G.T.54-9 varieties
in sugar yield is probably attributed to
the increase sugar recovery% and cane
yield Tables (4 and 5). These findings
are in agreement with those reported
by Mohamed et al. (2012), Mehareb
et al. (2018) and Abo El-hamd et al.
(2019). They found that the studied
sugarcane varieties differed significant-
ly in sugar yield.
Also, the data denote that the
studied phosphorus fertilization levels
had significant influence on sugar
yield in the plant cane only. The
highest mean values on sugar yield
(8.061 Ton/fad.) was obtained by (60
Kg P2O5/fad.). These results con-
firmed with those obtained by Pawar
et al. (2003), El-Tilib et al. (2004),
Shahid et al. (2012) and Mehareb et
al. (2018). Who reported that phos-
phorus levels significantly affected
sugar yield.
Results in the same Table cleared
a significant effect of the first and se-
cond order interactions among the
studied factors. Generally, the maxi-
mum values of sugar yield (10.567 and
7.647ton/fad.) were harvesting sugar
cane variety G.T-54-9 and G.2004-27
at age of 12 and 11 months with ferti-

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13
lizer by 60 and 30 Kg P2O5/fad. re-
spectively.
Conclusion
Our data suggest that farmers
should attempt to the majority of their
crop at age of 12 months, with fertiliza-
tion by 60 Kg P2O5/fad., to maximize
cane and sugar yields.
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ﺗﺄﺮﺛ ةدﻮﺟو ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﻰﺗﺎﻔﺳﻮﻔﻟا ﺪﯿﻤﺴﺘﻟا تﺎﯾﻮﺘﺴﻣو دﺎﺼﺤﻟا دﺎﻌﯿﻤﺑ ﺮﻜﺴﻟا ﺐﺼﻗ فﺎﻨﺻا ﺾﻌﺑ
ﺐﻠﻄﻤﻟا ﺪﺒﻋ ىﺪﻬﻤﻟا ىﺪﻬﻤﻟاﺔﻤﯿﻌﻃ
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ﺪﻣﺎﺣ ﺪﻤﺣأ ﻰﻛز ﺪﻤﺣأ ،
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ﻰﺤﺘﻓ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﻰﺤﺘﻓ ،
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ﺳ توﺮﺛ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ،ﻌﺪﯿ
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و دﻮﻤﺤﻣ
ﺎﻓﻮﻟا ﻮﺑا ﻦﺴﺣ
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ﺮﺼﻣ طﻮﯿﺳا ،طﻮﯿﺳا ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺔﻋارﺰﻟا ﺔﯿﻠﻛ
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ﻤﻟا ثﻮﺤﺑ ﺪﻬﻌﻣ ﺔﯾﺮﻜﺴﻟا ﻞﯿﺻﺎﺤ– ﺮﺼﻣ ،ةﺰﯿﺠﻟا ، ﺔﯿﻋارﺰﻟا ثﻮﺤﺒﻟا ﺰﻛﺮﻣ
ﺺﺨﻠﻤﻟا
ﺖﯾﺮﺟأ ﺔﺳارﺪﻟا هﺬﻫ ﻮﺒﻣأ مﻮﻜﺑ ﺮﻜﺴﻟا ﺐﺼﻗ عراﺰﻤﺑ ضﺮﻋ ﻂﺧ)٢٤ ﺔﺟردو٢٨ ﺔﺟرد
ﺧو ًﻻﺎﻤﺷ لﻮﻃ ﻂ٣٢ و ﺔﺟرد٥٧ (ًﺎﻗﺮﺷ ﺔﺟردناﻮﺳأ ﺔﻈﻓﺎﺤﻣ لﻼﺧ ﻲﻤﺳﻮﻣ٢٠١٥/٢٠١٦
و٢٠١٦/٢٠١٧ د فﺪﻬﺑ ﻚﻟذو .ﻰﻟوﻻا ﺔﻔﻠﺨﻟاو سﺮﻏ ﺐﺼﻗ ﻰﻟﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ ﺔﺳار دﺎﻌﯿﻣ دﺎﺼﺤﻟا
ﻰﺗﺎﻔﺳﻮﻔﻟا ﺪﯿﻤﺴﺘﻟا تﺎﯾﻮﺘﺴﻣو ﺮﻜﺴﻟا فﺎﻨﺻأ ﺾﻌﺑ ةدﻮﺟو ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻌﺒﺳ ﺔﺑﺮﺠﺘﻟا ﺖﻨﻤﻀﺗ .
ﻮﺘﻟا ﻞﺜﻤﺗ ﺔﻠﻣﺎﻌﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺸﻋو ﻖﯿﻓا ﺔﺛﻼﺛ ﻦﯿﺑ ) دﺎﺼﺤﻠﻟ رﺎﻤﻋأ١٠ و١١ و١٢ ﺮﻬﺷ تﺎﯾﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﺔﺛﻼﺛ (
) ﻰﺗﺎﻔﺳﻮﻔﻟا ﺪﯿﻤﺴﺘﻠﻟ٣٠ و٤٥ و٦٠ ﻢﺠﻛ ناﺪﻔﻠﻟ رﻮﻔﺳﻮﻓ ﺪﯿﺴﻛا ﺲﻣﺎﺧ /( ﺛﻼﺛوﺔ ﻦﻣ فﺎﻨﺻأ ﻦﻣ
ناﻮﯾﺎﺗ ةﺰﯿﺟ ﺮﻜﺴﻟا ﺐﺼﻗ٥٤-٩ ةﺰﯿﺟ و٢٠٠٣-٤٧ ةﺰﯿﺟ)٣ ةﺰﯿﺟ و (٢٠٠٤-٢٤ ةﺰﯿﺟ)٤ .(
ﻟا ﺔﻠﻣﺎﻜﻟا تﺎﻋﺎﻄﻘﻟا ﻢﯿﻤﺼﺗ ماﺪﺨﺘﺳا ﻢﺗ ﻰﻓ ﺔﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﺔﯿﺋاﻮﺸﻌ ﻊﻄﻗﺔﻘﺸﻨﻣ ﻦﯿﺗﺮﻣ.تارﺮﻜﻣ ثﻼﺛ ﻰﻓ
ﺑ ًﺎﯾﻮﻨﻌﻣ تﺮﺛﺄﺗ ﺔﺳورﺪﻤﻟا تﺎﻔﺼﻟا ﻊﯿﻤﺟ نأ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻨﻟا تﺮﻬﻇأﺪﯿﻋاﻮﻤ .دﺎﺼﺤﻟا ﺎﻤﻛ ﺖﻔﻠﺘﺧا
ﺻأ ﺔﺛﻼﺜﻟا ﺮﻜﺴﻟا ﺐﺼﻗ فﺎﻨ ﺎﯾﻮﻨﻌﻣ ًﺎﻓﻼﺘﺧا ا ﺮﻬﻇأ .ﺔﺳورﺪﻤﻟا تﺎﻔﺼﻟا ﻊﯿﻤﺟ ﻲﻓ يرﺎﺠﺘﻟا ﻒﻨﺼﻟ
ﺪﯾﺪﺠﻟا ةﺰﯿﺟ٢٠٠٣-٤٧ ﻲﻓ ىﺮﺧﻷا فﺎﻨﺻﻷا ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎًﻗﻮﻔﺗ ﻤﻟا ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻟاﻮﺌ ﺔﺒﻠﺼﻟا داﻮﻤﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻼﻜﻟ ﺔﯾ
ةوﺎﻘﻨﻟاو زوﺮﻜﺴﻟاو (ﺲﻛﺮﺒﻟا) ﺔﯿﻠﻜﻟا ﺔﺒﺋاﺬﻟا ﻦﻣ رﻮﻔﺴﻔﻟا ىﻮﺘﺴﻣ ةدﺎﯾز تدأ .٣٠ ﻰﻟإ٦٠ ﻦﻣ ﻢﺠﻛ
رﻮﻔﺳﻮﻔﻟا ﺪﯿﺴﻛا ﺲﻣﺎﺧ ﻲﻓ ﺔﯾﻮﻨﻌﻣ ةدﺎﯾز ﻰﻟإ ناﺪﻓ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻛ ﻤﻟا ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻟاﻮﺌ ﺔﺒﺋاﺬﻟا ﺔﺒﻠﺼﻟا داﻮﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﯾ
ىﺮﻈﻨﻟا ﺮﻜﺴﻟا ﺞﺗﺎﻧو ةوﺎﻘﻨﻟاو زوﺮﻜﺴﻟاو (ﺲﻛﺮﺒﻟا) ﺔﯿﻠﻜﻟا ﻟا ﻰﻓﻤﻦﯿﻤﺳﻮ و ﺐﺼﻘﻟا ﻰﻟﻮﺼﺤﻣ
.ﻂﻘﻓ لوﻻا ﻢﺳﻮﻤﻟا ﻰﻓ ناﺪﻔﻠﻟ ﻦﻄﻟﺎﺑ ﺮﻜﺴﻟاو
ﺔﻟوﺎﺤﻣ ﻦﯿﻋراﺰﻤﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ ﺐﺠﯾ ﻪﻧأ ﻰﻟإ ﺎﻨﺗﺎﻧﺎﯿﺑ ﺮﯿﺸﺗ دﺎﺼﺣ ﺮﻜﺴﻟا ﺐﺼﻘﻟا لﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﺮﻤﻋ ﻲﻓ
١٢ ﺪﯿﻤﺴﺗ ﻊﻣ .اًﺮﻬﺷ٦٠ ﻢﺠﻛ ﻦﻣ رﻮﻔﺳﻮﻔﻟا ﺪﯿﺴﻛا ﺲﻣﺎﺧ ﻢﯿﻈﻌﺘﻟ .ناﺪﻓ و ﺐﺼﻘﻟا ﻰﻟﻮﺼﺤﻣ
ﺮﻜﺴﻟا.